GHC(1)

NAME
GHC - the Glasgow Haskell Compiler

SYNOPSIS
ghc [option|filename]...
ghci [option|filename]...

DESCRIPTION
This manual page documents briefly the ghc and ghci commands. Note that ghci is not yet available on all architectures. Extensive documentation is available in various other formats including DVI, PostScript and HTML; see below.

Each of GHC's command line options is classified as either static or dynamic. A static flag may only be specified on the command line, whereas a dynamic flag may also be given in an OPTIONS pragma in a source file or set from the GHCi command-line with :set. As a rule of thumb, all the language options are dynamic, as are the warning options and the debugging options. The rest are static, with the notable exceptions of -v, -cpp, -fasm, -fvia-C, and -#include. The OPTIONS sections lists the status of each flag.

Common suffixes of file names for Haskell are:

.hs Haskell source code; preprocess, compile

.lhs
    literate Haskell source; unlit, preprocess, compile

.hi Interface file; contains information about exported symbols

.hc intermediate C files

.x_o
    way x object files; common ways are: p, u, s

.x_hi
    way x interface files

OPTIONS

  Help and verbosity options
-? -help -n -v -vn -V --version --numeric-version --print-libdir -ferror-spans -Hsize -Rghc-timing

  Which phases to run
-E -C -S -c -x suffix

  Alternative modes of operation
--interactive --make -e expr -M

  Redirecting output
-hcsuf suffix -hidir dir -hisuf suffix -o filename -odir dir -ohi filename -osuf suffix -stubdir dir

  Keeping intermediate files
-keep-hc-file -keep-s-file -keep-raw-s-file -keep-tmp-files

  Temporary files
-tmpdir

  Finding imports
-idir1:dir2:... -i

  Interface file options
-ddump-hi -ddump-hi-diffs -ddump-minimal-imports --show-iface file

  Recompilation checking
-fforce-recomp -fno-force-recomp

  Interactive-mode options
-ignore-dot-ghci -read-dot-ghci

  Packages
-package-name P -package P -hide-all-packages -hide-package name -ignore-package name -package-conf file -no-user-package-conf

  Language options
-fallow-overlapping-instances -fno-allow-overlapping-instances -fallow-incoherent-instances -fno-allow-incoherent-instances -fallow-undecidable-instances -fno-allow-undecidable-instances -fcontext-stack=Nn 20 -farrows -fno-arrows -ffi or -fffi -fno-ffi -fgenerics -fno-fgenerics -fglasgow-exts -fno-glasgow-exts -fimplicit-params -fno-implicit-params -firrefutable-tuples -fno-irrefutable-tuples -fno-implicit-prelude -fimplicit-prelude -fno-monomorphism-restriction -fmonomorphism-restriction -fno-mono-pat-binds -fmono-pat-binds -fextended-default-rules -fno-extended-default-rules -fscoped-type-variables -fno-scoped-type-variables -fth -fno-th -fbang-patterns -fno-bang-patterns

  Warnings
-W -w -w -Wall -w -Werror -fwarn-deprecations -fno-warn-deprecations -fwarn-duplicate-exports -fno-warn-duplicate-exports -fwarn-hi-shadowing -fno-warn-hi-shadowing -fwarn-incomplete-patterns -fno-warn-incomplete-patterns -fwarn-incomplete-record-updates -fno-warn-incomplete-record-updates -fwarn-missing-fields -fno-warn-missing-fields -fwarn-missing-methods -fno-warn-missing-methods -fwarn-missing-signatures -fno-warn-missing-signatures -fwarn-name-shadowing -fno-warn-name-shadowing -fwarn-orphans -fno-warn-orphans -fwarn-overlapping-patterns -fno-warn-overlapping-patterns -fwarn-simple-patterns -fno-warn-simple-patterns -fwarn-type-defaults -fno-warn-type-defaults -fwarn-unused-binds -fno-warn-unused-binds -fwarn-unused-imports -fno-warn-unused-imports -fwarn-unused-matches -fno-warn-unused-matches

  Optimisation levels
-O -O0 -On -O0

  Individual optimisations
-fcase-merge -fno-case-merge -fdicts-strict -fno-dicts-strict -fdo-eta-reduction -fno-do-eta-reduction -fdo-lambda-eta-expansion -fno-do-lambda-eta-expansion -fexcess-precision -fno-excess-precision -frules-off -frules-off -fignore-asserts -fno-ignore-asserts -fignore-interface-pragmas -fno-ignore-interface-pragmas -fliberate-case-threshold -fno-liberate-case-threshold -fomit-interface-pragmas -fno-omit-interface-pragmas -fmax-worker-args -fmax-simplifier-iterations -fno-state-hack -fno-cse -fno-full-laziness -fno-pre-inlining -fno-strictness -funbox-strict-fields -fno-unbox-strict-fields -funfolding-creation-threshold -fno-unfolding-creation-threshold -funfolding-fun-discount -fno-unfolding-fun-discount -funfolding-keeness-factor -fno-unfolding-keeness-factor -funfolding-update-in-place -fno-unfolding-update-in-place -funfolding-use-threshold -fno-unfolding-use-threshold

  Profiling options
-auto -no-auto -auto-all -no-auto-all -caf-all -no-caf-all -prof -ticky

  Haskell pre-processor options
-F

  C pre-processor options
-cpp -Dsymbol=value -U -Usymbol -Idir

  C compiler options
-#include file

  Code generation options
-fasm -fvia-C -fno-code

  Linking options
-fPIC -dynamic -framework name -framework-path name -llib -Ldir -main-is --mk-dll -no-hs-main -no-link -split-objs -static -threaded -debug

  Replacing phases
-pgmL cmd -pgmP cmd -pgmc cmd -pgmm cmd -pgms cmd -pgma cmd -pgml cmd -pgmdll cmd -pgmF cmd

  Forcing options to particular phases
-optL option -optP option -optF option -optc option -optm option -opta option -optl option -optdll option -optdep option

  Platform-specific options
-monly-[432]-regs

  External core file options
-fext-core

  Compiler debugging options
-dcore-lint -ddump-asm -ddump-bcos -ddump-cmm -ddump-cpranal -ddump-cse -ddump-deriv -ddump-ds -ddump-flatC -ddump-foreign -ddump-inlinings -ddump-occur-anal -ddump-opt-cmm -ddump-parsed -ddump-prep -ddump-rn -ddump-rules -ddump-simpl -ddump-simpl-iterations -ddump-spec -ddump-splices -ddump-stg -ddump-stranal -ddump-tc -ddump-types -ddump-worker-wrapper -ddump-if-trace -ddump-tc-trace -ddump-rn-trace -ddump-rn-stats -ddump-simpl-stats -dppr-debug -dppr-noprags -dppr-user-length -dsource-stats -dcmm-lint -dstg-lint -dstg-stats -dverbose-core2core -dverbose-stg2stg -dshow-passes -dfaststring-stats -unreg

  Misc compiler options
-fno-hi-version-check -dno-black-holing -fno-method-sharing -fhistory-size -funregisterised -fno-asm-mangling -fno-print-bind-result

HELP AND VERBOSITY OPTIONS

-?  help
    [mode]

-help
    help
    [mode]

-n  do a dry run
    [dynamic]

-v  verbose mode (equivalent to -v3)
    [dynamic]

-vn set verbosity level
    [dynamic]

-V  display GHC version
    [mode]

--version
    display GHC version
    [mode]

--numeric-version
    display GHC version (numeric only)
    [mode]

--print-libdir
    display GHC library directory
    [mode]

-ferror-spans
    output full span in error messages
    [static]

-Hsize
    Set the minimum heap size to size
    [static]

-Rghc-timing
    Summarise timing stats for GHC (same as +RTS -tstderr)
    [static]

WHICH PHASES TO RUN

-E  Stop after preprocessing (.hspp file)
    [mode]

-C  Stop after generating C (.hc file)
    [mode]

-S  Stop after generating assembly (.s file)
    [mode]

-c  Do not link
    [dynamic]

-x suffix
    Override default behaviour for source files
    [static]

ALTERNATIVE MODES OF OPERATION

--interactive
    Interactive mode - normally used by just running ghci
    [mode]

--make
    Build a multi-module Haskell program, automatically figuring out dependencies. Likely to be much easier, and faster, than using make.
    [mode]

-e expr
    Evaluate expr
    [mode]

-M  Generate dependency information suitable for use in a Makefile.
    [mode]

REDIRECTING OUTPUT

-hcsuf suffix
    set the suffix to use for intermediate C files
    [dynamic]

-hidir dir
    set directory for interface files
    [dynamic]

-hisuf suffix
    set the suffix to use for interface files
    [dynamic]

-o filename
    set output filename
    [dynamic]

-odir dir
    set output directory
    [dynamic]

-ohi filename
    set the filename in which to put the interface
    [dynamic]

-osuf suffix
    set the output file suffix
    [dynamic]

-stubdir dir
    redirect FFi stub files
    [dynamic]

KEEPING INTERMEDIATE FILES

-keep-hc-file
    retain intermediate .hc files
    [dynamic]

-keep-s-file
    retain intermediate .s files
    [dynamic]

-keep-raw-s-file
    retain intermediate .raw_s files
    [dynamic]

-keep-tmp-files
    retain all intermediate temporary files
    [dynamic]

TEMPORARY FILES

-tmpdir
    set the directory for temporary files
    [dynamic]

FINDING IMPORTS

-idir1:dir2:...
    add dir, dir2, etc. to import path
    [static/:set]

-i  Empty the import directory list
    [static/:set]

INTERFACE FILE OPTIONS

-ddump-hi
    Dump the new interface to stdout
    [dynamic]

-ddump-hi-diffs
    Show the differences vs. the old interface
    [dynamic]

-ddump-minimal-imports
    Dump a minimal set of imports
    [dynamic]

--show-iface file
    Read the interface in file and dump it as text to stdout.
    [mode]

RECOMPILATION CHECKING

-fforce-recomp
    Turn off recompilation checking; implied by any -ddump-X option
    [dynamic]

INTERACTIVE-MODE OPTIONS

-ignore-dot-ghci
    Disable reading of .ghci files
    [static]

-read-dot-ghci
    Enable reading of .ghci files
    [static]

PACKAGES

-package-name P
    Compile to be part of package P
    [dynamic]

-package P
    Expose package P
    [static/:set]

-hide-all-packages
    Hide all packages by default
    [static]

-hide-package name
    Hide package P
    [static/:set]

-ignore-package name
    Ignore package P
    [static/:set]

-package-conf file
    Load more packages from file
    [static]

-no-user-package-conf
    Don't load the user's package config file.
    [static]

LANGUAGE OPTIONS

-fallow-overlapping-instances
    Enable overlapping instances
    [dynamic]

-fallow-incoherent-instances
    Enable incoherent instances. Implies -fallow-overlapping-instances
    [dynamic]

-fallow-undecidable-instances
    Enable undecidable instances
    [dynamic]

-fcontext-stack=Nn
    set the limit for context reduction
    [dynamic]

-farrows
    Enable arrow notation extension
    [dynamic]

-ffi or -fffi
    Enable foreign function interface (implied by -fglasgow-exts)
    [dynamic]

-fgenerics
    Enable generic classes
    [dynamic]

-fglasgow-exts
    Enable most language extensions
    [dynamic]

-fimplicit-params
    Enable Implicit Parameters. Implied by -fglasgow-exts.
    [dynamic]

-firrefutable-tuples
    Make tuple pattern matching irrefutable
    [dynamic]

-fno-implicit-prelude
    Don't implicitly import Prelude
    [dynamic]

-fno-monomorphism-restriction
    Disable the monomorphism restriction
    [dynamic]

-fno-mono-pat-binds
    Make pattern bindings polymorphic
    [dynamic]

-fextended-default-rules
    Use GHCi's extended default rules in a normal module
    [dynamic]

-fscoped-type-variables
    Enable lexically-scoped type variables. Implied by -fglasgow-exts.
    [dynamic]

-fth
    Enable Template Haskell. No longer implied by -fglasgow-exts.
    [dynamic]

-fbang-patterns
    Enable bang patterns.
    [dynamic]

WARNINGS

-W  enable normal warnings
    [dynamic]

-w  disable all warnings
    [dynamic]

-Wall
    enable all warnings
    [dynamic]

-Werror
    make warnings fatal
    [dynamic]

-fwarn-deprecations
    warn about uses of functions & types that are deprecated
    [dynamic]

-fwarn-duplicate-exports
    warn when an entity is exported multiple times
    [dynamic]

-fwarn-hi-shadowing
    warn when a .hi file in the current directory shadows a library
    [dynamic]

-fwarn-incomplete-patterns
    warn when a pattern match could fail
    [dynamic]

-fwarn-incomplete-record-updates
    warn when a record update could fail
    [dynamic]

-fwarn-missing-fields
    warn when fields of a record are uninitialised
    [dynamic]

-fwarn-missing-methods
    warn when class methods are undefined
    [dynamic]

-fwarn-missing-signatures
    warn about top-level functions without signatures
    [dynamic]

-fwarn-name-shadowing
    warn when names are shadowed
    [dynamic]

-fwarn-orphans
    warn when the module contains "orphan" instance declarations or rewrite rules
    [dynamic]

-fwarn-overlapping-patterns
    warn about overlapping patterns
    [dynamic]

-fwarn-simple-patterns
    warn about lambda-patterns that can fail
    [dynamic]

-fwarn-type-defaults
    warn when defaulting happens
    [dynamic]

-fwarn-unused-binds
    warn about bindings that are unused
    [dynamic]

-fwarn-unused-imports
    warn about unnecessary imports
    [dynamic]

-fwarn-unused-matches
    warn about variables in patterns that aren't used
    [dynamic]

OPTIMISATION LEVELS

-O  Enable default optimisation (level 1)
    [dynamic]

-On Set optimisation level n
    [dynamic]

INDIVIDUAL OPTIMISATIONS

-fcase-merge
    Enable case-merging
    [dynamic]

-fdicts-strict
    Make dictionaries strict
    [static]

-fdo-eta-reduction
    Enable eta-reduction
    [dynamic]

-fdo-lambda-eta-expansion
    Enable lambda eta-reduction
    [dynamic]

-fexcess-precision
    Enable excess intermediate precision
    [dynamic]

-frules-off
    Switch off all rewrite rules (including rules generated by automatic specialisation of overloaded functions)
    [static]

-fignore-asserts
    Ignore assertions in the source
    [dynamic]

-fignore-interface-pragmas
    Ignore pragmas in interface files
    [dynamic]

-fliberate-case-threshold
    Tweak the liberate-case optimisation (default: 10)
    [static]

-fomit-interface-pragmas
    Don't generate interface pragmas
    [dynamic]

-fmax-worker-args
    If a worker has that many arguments, none will be unpacked anymore (default: 10)
    [static]

-fmax-simplifier-iterations
    Set the max iterations for the simplifier
    [dynamic]

-fno-state-hack
    Turn off the "state hack" whereby any lambda with a real-world state token as argument is considered to be single-entry. Hence OK to inline things inside it.
    [static]

-fno-cse
    Turn off common sub-expression
    [dynamic]

-fno-full-laziness
    Turn off full laziness (floating bindings outwards).
    [dynamic]

-fno-pre-inlining
    Turn off pre-inlining
    [static]

-fno-strictness
    Turn off strictness analysis
    [dynamic]

-funbox-strict-fields
    Flatten strict constructor fields
    [dynamic]

-funfolding-creation-threshold
    Tweak unfolding settings
    [static]

-funfolding-fun-discount
    Tweak unfolding settings
    [static]

-funfolding-keeness-factor
    Tweak unfolding settings
    [static]

-funfolding-update-in-place
    Tweak unfolding settings
    [static]

-funfolding-use-threshold
    Tweak unfolding settings
    [static]

PROFILING OPTIONS

-auto
    Auto-add _scc_s to all exported functions
    [static]

-auto-all
    Auto-add _scc_s to all top-level functions
    [static]

-caf-all
    Auto-add _scc_s to all CAFs
    [static]

-prof
    Turn on profiling
    [static]

-ticky
    Turn on ticky-ticky profiling
    [static]

HASKELL PRE-PROCESSOR OPTIONS

-F  Enable the use of a pre-processor (set with -pgmF)
    [dynamic]

C PRE-PROCESSOR OPTIONS

-cpp
    Run the C pre-processor on Haskell source files
    [dynamic]

-Dsymbol=value
    Define a symbol in the C pre-processor
    [dynamic]

-Usymbol
    Undefine a symbol in the C pre-processor
    [dynamic]

-Idir
    Add dir to the directory search list for #include files
    [dynamic]

C COMPILER OPTIONS

-#include file
    Include file when compiling the .hc file
    [dynamic]

CODE GENERATION OPTIONS

-fasm
    Use the native code generator
    [dynamic]

-fvia-C
    Compile via C
    [dynamic]

-fno-code
    Omit code generation
    [mode]

LINKING OPTIONS

-fPIC
    Generate position-independent code (where available)
    [static]

-dynamic
    Use dynamic Haskell libraries (if available)
    [static]

-framework name
    On Darwin/MacOS X only, link in the framework name. This option corresponds to the -framework option for Apple's Linker.
    [dynamic]

-framework-path name
    On Darwin/MacOS X only, add dir to the list of directories searched for frameworks. This option corresponds to the -F option for Apple's Linker.
    [dynamic]

-llib
    Link in library lib
    [dynamic]

-Ldir
    Add dir to the list of directories searched for libraries
    [dynamic]

-main-is
    Set main module and function
    [dynamic]

--mk-dll
    DLL-creation mode (Windows only)
    [dynamic]

-no-hs-main
    Don't assume this program contains main
    [dynamic]

-no-link
    Omit linking
    [dynamic]

-split-objs
    Split objects (for libraries)
    [dynamic]

-static
    Use static Haskell libraries
    [static]

-threaded
    Use the threaded runtime
    [static]

-debug
    Use the debugging runtime
    [static]

REPLACING PHASES

-pgmL cmd
    Use cmd as the literate pre-processor
    [dynamic]

-pgmP cmd
    Use cmd as the C pre-processor (with -cpp only)
    [dynamic]

-pgmc cmd
    Use cmd as the C compiler
    [dynamic]

-pgmm cmd
    Use cmd as the mangler
    [dynamic]

-pgms cmd
    Use cmd as the splitter
    [dynamic]

-pgma cmd
    Use cmd as the assembler
    [dynamic]

-pgml cmd
    Use cmd as the linker
    [dynamic]

-pgmdll cmd
    Use cmd as the DLL generator
    [dynamic]

-pgmF cmd
    Use cmd as the pre-processor (with -F only)
    [dynamic]

FORCING OPTIONS TO PARTICULAR PHASES

-optL option
    pass option to the literate pre-processor
    [dynamic]

-optP option
    pass option to cpp (with -cpp only)
    [dynamic]

-optF option
    pass option to the custom pre-processor
    [dynamic]

-optc option
    pass option to the C compiler
    [dynamic]

-optm option
    pass option to the mangler
    [dynamic]

-opta option
    pass option to the assembler
    [dynamic]

-optl option
    pass option to the linker
    [dynamic]

-optdll option
    pass option to the DLL generator
    [dynamic]

-optdep option
    pass option to the dependency generator
    [dynamic]

PLATFORM-SPECIFIC OPTIONS

-monly-[432]-regs
    (x86 only) give some registers back to the C compiler
    [dynamic]

EXTERNAL CORE FILE OPTIONS

-fext-core
    Generate .hcr external Core files
    [static]

COMPILER DEBUGGING OPTIONS

-dcore-lint
    Turn on internal sanity checking
    [dynamic]

-ddump-asm
    Dump assembly
    [dynamic]

-ddump-bcos
    Dump interpreter byte code
    [dynamic]

-ddump-cmm
    Dump C-- output
    [dynamic]

-ddump-cpranal
    Dump output from CPR analysis
    [dynamic]

-ddump-cse
    Dump CSE output
    [dynamic]

-ddump-deriv
    Dump deriving output
    [dynamic]

-ddump-ds
    Dump desugarer output
    [dynamic]

-ddump-flatC
    Dump `flat' C
    [dynamic]

-ddump-foreign
    Dump foreign export stubs
    [dynamic]

-ddump-inlinings
    Dump inlining info
    [dynamic]

-ddump-occur-anal
    Dump occurrence analysis output
    [dynamic]

-ddump-opt-cmm
    Dump the results of C-- to C-- optimising passes
    [dynamic]

-ddump-parsed
    Dump parse tree
    [dynamic]

-ddump-prep
    Dump prepared core
    [dynamic]

-ddump-rn
    Dump renamer output
    [dynamic]

-ddump-rules
    Dump rules
    [dynamic]

-ddump-simpl
    Dump final simplifier output
    [dynamic]

-ddump-simpl-iterations
    Dump output from each simplifier iteration
    [dynamic]

-ddump-spec
    Dump specialiser output
    [dynamic]

-ddump-splices
    Dump TH splided expressions, and what they evaluate to
    [dynamic]

-ddump-stg
    Dump final STG
    [dynamic]

-ddump-stranal
    Dump strictness analyser output
    [dynamic]

-ddump-tc
    Dump typechecker output
    [dynamic]

-ddump-types
    Dump type signatures
    [dynamic]

-ddump-worker-wrapper
    Dump worker-wrapper output
    [dynamic]

-ddump-if-trace
    Trace interface files
    [dynamic]

-ddump-tc-trace
    Trace typechecker
    [dynamic]

-ddump-rn-trace
    Trace renamer
    [dynamic]

-ddump-rn-stats
    Renamer stats
    [dynamic]

-ddump-simpl-stats
    Dump simplifier stats
    [dynamic]

-dppr-debug
    Turn on debug printing (more verbose)
    [static]

-dppr-noprags
    Don't output pragma info in dumps
    [static]

-dppr-user-length
    Set the depth for printing expressions in error msgs
    [static]

-dsource-stats
    Dump haskell source stats
    [dynamic]

-dcmm-lint
    C-- pass sanity checking
    [dynamic]

-dstg-lint
    STG pass sanity checking
    [dynamic]

-dstg-stats
    Dump STG stats
    [dynamic]

-dverbose-core2core
    Show output from each core-to-core pass
    [dynamic]

-dverbose-stg2stg
    Show output from each STG-to-STG pass
    [dynamic]

-dshow-passes
    Print out each pass name as it happens
    [dynamic]

-dfaststring-stats
    Show statistics for fast string usage when finished
    [dynamic]

-unreg
    Enable unregisterised compilation
    [static]

MISC COMPILER OPTIONS

-fno-hi-version-check
    Don't complain about .hi file mismatches
    [static]

-dno-black-holing
    Turn off black holing (probably doesn't work)
    [static]

-fno-method-sharing
    Don't share specialisations of overloaded functions
    [static]

-fhistory-size
    Set simplification history size
    [static]

-funregisterised
    Unregisterised compilation (use -unreg instead)
    [static]

-fno-asm-mangling
    Turn off assembly mangling (use -unreg instead)
    [dynamic]

-fno-print-bind-result
    Turn off printing of binding results in GHCi
    [dynamic]

FILES
c:/builds/slave/x86-win-6.6/build/ghc-6.6.1/lib/i386-unknown-mingw32

COPYRIGHT
Copyright 2002, The University Court of the University of Glasgow.
All rights reserved.

AUTHOR
This manual page was generated from the XML documentation of GHC with blood, sweat, tears and a breaks-if-you-look-at-it-the-wrong-way XSL stylesheet originally written by Michael Weber <michaelw@debian.org> for the Debian GNU/Linux system (but may be used by others).