GHC/Hs/Binds.hs

    {-
    (c) The University of Glasgow 2006
    (c) The GRASP/AQUA Project, Glasgow University, 1992-1998

    \section[HsBinds]{Abstract syntax: top-level bindings and signatures}

    Datatype for: @BindGroup@, @Bind@, @Sig@, @Bind@.
    -}

    {-# LANGUAGE DeriveDataTypeable #-}
    {-# LANGUAGE DeriveFunctor #-}
    {-# LANGUAGE StandaloneDeriving #-}
    {-# LANGUAGE FlexibleContexts #-}
    {-# LANGUAGE FlexibleInstances #-}
    {-# LANGUAGE UndecidableInstances #-} -- Wrinkle in Note [Trees That Grow]
                                          -- in module GHC.Hs.Extension
    {-# LANGUAGE ConstraintKinds #-}
    {-# LANGUAGE BangPatterns #-}
    {-# LANGUAGE TypeFamilies #-}
    {-# LANGUAGE ScopedTypeVariables #-}
    {-# LANGUAGE TypeApplications #-}
    {-# LANGUAGE LambdaCase #-}

    module GHC.Hs.Binds where

    import GHC.Prelude

    import {-# SOURCE #-} GHC.Hs.Expr ( pprExpr, LHsExpr,
                                        MatchGroup, pprFunBind,
                                        GRHSs, pprPatBind )
    import {-# SOURCE #-} GHC.Hs.Pat  ( LPat )

    import GHC.Hs.Extension
    import GHC.Hs.Type
    import GHC.Core
    import GHC.Tc.Types.Evidence
    import GHC.Core.Type
    import GHC.Types.Name.Set
    import GHC.Types.Basic
    import GHC.Utils.Outputable
    import GHC.Types.SrcLoc as SrcLoc
    import GHC.Types.Var
    import GHC.Data.Bag
    import GHC.Data.FastString
    import GHC.Data.BooleanFormula (LBooleanFormula)

    import Data.Data hiding ( Fixity )
    import Data.List hiding ( foldr )
    import Data.Function

    {-
    ************************************************************************
    *                                                                      *
    \subsection{Bindings: @BindGroup@}
    *                                                                      *
    ************************************************************************

    Global bindings (where clauses)
    -}

    -- During renaming, we need bindings where the left-hand sides
    -- have been renamed but the right-hand sides have not.
    -- the ...LR datatypes are parametrized by two id types,
    -- one for the left and one for the right.
    -- Other than during renaming, these will be the same.

    -- | Haskell Local Bindings
    type HsLocalBinds id = HsLocalBindsLR id id

    -- | Located Haskell local bindings
    type LHsLocalBinds id = Located (HsLocalBinds id)

    -- | Haskell Local Bindings with separate Left and Right identifier types
    --
    -- Bindings in a 'let' expression
    -- or a 'where' clause
    data HsLocalBindsLR idL idR
      = HsValBinds
            (XHsValBinds idL idR)
            (HsValBindsLR idL idR)
          -- ^ Haskell Value Bindings

             -- There should be no pattern synonyms in the HsValBindsLR
             -- These are *local* (not top level) bindings
             -- The parser accepts them, however, leaving the
             -- renamer to report them

      | HsIPBinds
            (XHsIPBinds idL idR)
            (HsIPBinds idR)
          -- ^ Haskell Implicit Parameter Bindings

      | EmptyLocalBinds (XEmptyLocalBinds idL idR)
          -- ^ Empty Local Bindings

      | XHsLocalBindsLR
            !(XXHsLocalBindsLR idL idR)

    type instance XHsValBinds      (GhcPass pL) (GhcPass pR) = NoExtField
    type instance XHsIPBinds       (GhcPass pL) (GhcPass pR) = NoExtField
    type instance XEmptyLocalBinds (GhcPass pL) (GhcPass pR) = NoExtField
    type instance XXHsLocalBindsLR (GhcPass pL) (GhcPass pR) = NoExtCon

    type LHsLocalBindsLR idL idR = Located (HsLocalBindsLR idL idR)

    -- | Haskell Value Bindings
    type HsValBinds id = HsValBindsLR id id

    -- | Haskell Value bindings with separate Left and Right identifier types
    -- (not implicit parameters)
    -- Used for both top level and nested bindings
    -- May contain pattern synonym bindings
    data HsValBindsLR idL idR
      = -- | Value Bindings In
        --
        -- Before renaming RHS; idR is always RdrName
        -- Not dependency analysed
        -- Recursive by default
        ValBinds
            (XValBinds idL idR)
            (LHsBindsLR idL idR) [LSig idR]

        -- | Value Bindings Out
        --
        -- After renaming RHS; idR can be Name or Id Dependency analysed,
        -- later bindings in the list may depend on earlier ones.
      | XValBindsLR
          !(XXValBindsLR idL idR)

    -- ---------------------------------------------------------------------
    -- Deal with ValBindsOut

    -- TODO: make this the only type for ValBinds
    data NHsValBindsLR idL
      = NValBinds
          [(RecFlag, LHsBinds idL)]
          [LSig GhcRn]

    type instance XValBinds    (GhcPass pL) (GhcPass pR) = NoExtField
    type instance XXValBindsLR (GhcPass pL) (GhcPass pR)
                = NHsValBindsLR (GhcPass pL)

    -- ---------------------------------------------------------------------

    -- | Located Haskell Binding
    type LHsBind  id = LHsBindLR  id id

    -- | Located Haskell Bindings
    type LHsBinds id = LHsBindsLR id id

    -- | Haskell Binding
    type HsBind   id = HsBindLR   id id

    -- | Located Haskell Bindings with separate Left and Right identifier types
    type LHsBindsLR idL idR = Bag (LHsBindLR idL idR)

    -- | Located Haskell Binding with separate Left and Right identifier types
    type LHsBindLR  idL idR = Located (HsBindLR idL idR)

    {- Note [FunBind vs PatBind]
       ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
    The distinction between FunBind and PatBind is a bit subtle. FunBind covers
    patterns which resemble function bindings and simple variable bindings.

        f x = e
        f !x = e
        f = e
        !x = e          -- FunRhs has SrcStrict
        x `f` y = e     -- FunRhs has Infix

    The actual patterns and RHSs of a FunBind are encoding in fun_matches.
    The m_ctxt field of each Match in fun_matches will be FunRhs and carries
    two bits of information about the match,

      * The mc_fixity field on each Match describes the fixity of the
        function binder in that match.  E.g. this is legal:
             f True False  = e1
             True `f` True = e2

      * The mc_strictness field is used /only/ for nullary FunBinds: ones
        with one Match, which has no pats. For these, it describes whether
        the match is decorated with a bang (e.g. `!x = e`).

    By contrast, PatBind represents data constructor patterns, as well as a few
    other interesting cases. Namely,

        Just x = e
        (x) = e
        x :: Ty = e
    -}

    -- | Haskell Binding with separate Left and Right id's
    data HsBindLR idL idR
      = -- | Function-like Binding
        --
        -- FunBind is used for both functions     @f x = e@
        -- and variables                          @f = \x -> e@
        -- and strict variables                   @!x = x + 1@
        --
        -- Reason 1: Special case for type inference: see 'GHC.Tc.Gen.Bind.tcMonoBinds'.
        --
        -- Reason 2: Instance decls can only have FunBinds, which is convenient.
        --           If you change this, you'll need to change e.g. rnMethodBinds
        --
        -- But note that the form                 @f :: a->a = ...@
        -- parses as a pattern binding, just like
        --                                        @(f :: a -> a) = ... @
        --
        -- Strict bindings have their strictness recorded in the 'SrcStrictness' of their
        -- 'MatchContext'. See Note [FunBind vs PatBind] for
        -- details about the relationship between FunBind and PatBind.
        --
        --  'GHC.Parser.Annotation.AnnKeywordId's
        --
        --  - 'GHC.Parser.Annotation.AnnFunId', attached to each element of fun_matches
        --
        --  - 'GHC.Parser.Annotation.AnnEqual','GHC.Parser.Annotation.AnnWhere',
        --    'GHC.Parser.Annotation.AnnOpen','GHC.Parser.Annotation.AnnClose',

        -- For details on above see note [Api annotations] in GHC.Parser.Annotation
        FunBind {

            fun_ext :: XFunBind idL idR,

              -- ^ After the renamer (but before the type-checker), this contains the
              -- locally-bound free variables of this defn. See Note [Bind free vars]
              --
              -- After the type-checker, this contains a coercion from the type of
              -- the MatchGroup to the type of the Id. Example:
              --
              -- @
              --      f :: Int -> forall a. a -> a
              --      f x y = y
              -- @
              --
              -- Then the MatchGroup will have type (Int -> a' -> a')
              -- (with a free type variable a').  The coercion will take
              -- a CoreExpr of this type and convert it to a CoreExpr of
              -- type         Int -> forall a'. a' -> a'
              -- Notice that the coercion captures the free a'.

            fun_id :: Located (IdP idL), -- Note [fun_id in Match] in GHC.Hs.Expr

            fun_matches :: MatchGroup idR (LHsExpr idR),  -- ^ The payload

            fun_tick :: [Tickish Id] -- ^ Ticks to put on the rhs, if any
        }

      -- | Pattern Binding
      --
      -- The pattern is never a simple variable;
      -- That case is done by FunBind.
      -- See Note [FunBind vs PatBind] for details about the
      -- relationship between FunBind and PatBind.

      --
      --  - 'GHC.Parser.Annotation.AnnKeywordId' : 'GHC.Parser.Annotation.AnnBang',
      --       'GHC.Parser.Annotation.AnnEqual','GHC.Parser.Annotation.AnnWhere',
      --       'GHC.Parser.Annotation.AnnOpen','GHC.Parser.Annotation.AnnClose',

      -- For details on above see note [Api annotations] in GHC.Parser.Annotation
      | PatBind {
            pat_ext    :: XPatBind idL idR, -- ^ See Note [Bind free vars]
            pat_lhs    :: LPat idL,
            pat_rhs    :: GRHSs idR (LHsExpr idR),
            pat_ticks  :: ([Tickish Id], [[Tickish Id]])
                   -- ^ Ticks to put on the rhs, if any, and ticks to put on
                   -- the bound variables.
        }

      -- | Variable Binding
      --
      -- Dictionary binding and suchlike.
      -- All VarBinds are introduced by the type checker
      | VarBind {
            var_ext    :: XVarBind idL idR,
            var_id     :: IdP idL,
            var_rhs    :: LHsExpr idR    -- ^ Located only for consistency
        }

      -- | Abstraction Bindings
      | AbsBinds {                      -- Binds abstraction; TRANSLATION
            abs_ext     :: XAbsBinds idL idR,
            abs_tvs     :: [TyVar],
            abs_ev_vars :: [EvVar],  -- ^ Includes equality constraints

           -- | AbsBinds only gets used when idL = idR after renaming,
           -- but these need to be idL's for the collect... code in HsUtil
           -- to have the right type
            abs_exports :: [ABExport idL],

            -- | Evidence bindings
            -- Why a list? See "GHC.Tc.TyCl.Instance"
            -- Note [Typechecking plan for instance declarations]
            abs_ev_binds :: [TcEvBinds],

            -- | Typechecked user bindings
            abs_binds    :: LHsBinds idL,

            abs_sig :: Bool  -- See Note [The abs_sig field of AbsBinds]
        }

      -- | Patterns Synonym Binding
      | PatSynBind
            (XPatSynBind idL idR)
            (PatSynBind idL idR)
            -- ^ - 'GHC.Parser.Annotation.AnnKeywordId' : 'GHC.Parser.Annotation.AnnPattern',
            --          'GHC.Parser.Annotation.AnnLarrow','GHC.Parser.Annotation.AnnEqual',
            --          'GHC.Parser.Annotation.AnnWhere'
            --          'GHC.Parser.Annotation.AnnOpen' @'{'@,'GHC.Parser.Annotation.AnnClose' @'}'@

            -- For details on above see note [Api annotations] in GHC.Parser.Annotation

      | XHsBindsLR !(XXHsBindsLR idL idR)

    data NPatBindTc = NPatBindTc {
         pat_fvs :: NameSet, -- ^ Free variables
         pat_rhs_ty :: Type  -- ^ Type of the GRHSs
         } deriving Data

    type instance XFunBind    (GhcPass pL) GhcPs = NoExtField
    type instance XFunBind    (GhcPass pL) GhcRn = NameSet    -- Free variables
    type instance XFunBind    (GhcPass pL) GhcTc = HsWrapper  -- See comments on FunBind.fun_ext

    type instance XPatBind    GhcPs (GhcPass pR) = NoExtField
    type instance XPatBind    GhcRn (GhcPass pR) = NameSet -- Free variables
    type instance XPatBind    GhcTc (GhcPass pR) = NPatBindTc

    type instance XVarBind    (GhcPass pL) (GhcPass pR) = NoExtField
    type instance XAbsBinds   (GhcPass pL) (GhcPass pR) = NoExtField
    type instance XPatSynBind (GhcPass pL) (GhcPass pR) = NoExtField
    type instance XXHsBindsLR (GhcPass pL) (GhcPass pR) = NoExtCon

            -- Consider (AbsBinds tvs ds [(ftvs, poly_f, mono_f) binds]
            --
            -- Creates bindings for (polymorphic, overloaded) poly_f
            -- in terms of monomorphic, non-overloaded mono_f
            --
            -- Invariants:
            --      1. 'binds' binds mono_f
            --      2. ftvs is a subset of tvs
            --      3. ftvs includes all tyvars free in ds
            --
            -- See Note [AbsBinds]

    -- | Abstraction Bindings Export
    data ABExport p
      = ABE { abe_ext       :: XABE p
            , abe_poly      :: IdP p -- ^ Any INLINE pragma is attached to this Id
            , abe_mono      :: IdP p
            , abe_wrap      :: HsWrapper    -- ^ See Note [ABExport wrapper]
                 -- Shape: (forall abs_tvs. abs_ev_vars => abe_mono) ~ abe_poly
            , abe_prags     :: TcSpecPrags  -- ^ SPECIALISE pragmas
            }
       | XABExport !(XXABExport p)

    type instance XABE       (GhcPass p) = NoExtField
    type instance XXABExport (GhcPass p) = NoExtCon

    -- | - 'GHC.Parser.Annotation.AnnKeywordId' : 'GHC.Parser.Annotation.AnnPattern',
    --             'GHC.Parser.Annotation.AnnEqual','GHC.Parser.Annotation.AnnLarrow',
    --             'GHC.Parser.Annotation.AnnWhere','GHC.Parser.Annotation.AnnOpen' @'{'@,
    --             'GHC.Parser.Annotation.AnnClose' @'}'@,

    -- For details on above see note [Api annotations] in GHC.Parser.Annotation

    -- | Pattern Synonym binding
    data PatSynBind idL idR
      = PSB { psb_ext  :: XPSB idL idR,            -- ^ Post renaming, FVs.
                                                   -- See Note [Bind free vars]
              psb_id   :: Located (IdP idL),       -- ^ Name of the pattern synonym
              psb_args :: HsPatSynDetails (Located (IdP idR)),
                                                   -- ^ Formal parameter names
              psb_def  :: LPat idR,                -- ^ Right-hand side
              psb_dir  :: HsPatSynDir idR          -- ^ Directionality
         }
       | XPatSynBind !(XXPatSynBind idL idR)

    type instance XPSB         (GhcPass idL) GhcPs = NoExtField
    type instance XPSB         (GhcPass idL) GhcRn = NameSet
    type instance XPSB         (GhcPass idL) GhcTc = NameSet

    type instance XXPatSynBind (GhcPass idL) (GhcPass idR) = NoExtCon

    {-
    Note [AbsBinds]
    ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
    The AbsBinds constructor is used in the output of the type checker, to
    record *typechecked* and *generalised* bindings.  Specifically

             AbsBinds { abs_tvs      = tvs
                      , abs_ev_vars  = [d1,d2]
                      , abs_exports  = [ABE { abe_poly = fp, abe_mono = fm
                                            , abe_wrap = fwrap }
                                        ABE { slly for g } ]
                      , abs_ev_binds = DBINDS
                      , abs_binds    = BIND[fm,gm] }

    where 'BIND' binds the monomorphic Ids 'fm' and 'gm', means

            fp = fwrap [/\ tvs. \d1 d2. letrec { DBINDS        ]
                       [                       ; BIND[fm,gm] } ]
                       [                 in fm                 ]

            gp = ...same again, with gm instead of fm

    The 'fwrap' is an impedance-matcher that typically does nothing; see
    Note [ABExport wrapper].

    This is a pretty bad translation, because it duplicates all the bindings.
    So the desugarer tries to do a better job:

            fp = /\ [a,b] -> \ [d1,d2] -> case tp [a,b] [d1,d2] of
                                            (fm,gm) -> fm
            ..ditto for gp..

            tp = /\ [a,b] -> \ [d1,d2] -> letrec { DBINDS; BIND }
                                          in (fm,gm)

    In general:

      * abs_tvs are the type variables over which the binding group is
        generalised
      * abs_ev_var are the evidence variables (usually dictionaries)
        over which the binding group is generalised
      * abs_binds are the monomorphic bindings
      * abs_ex_binds are the evidence bindings that wrap the abs_binds
      * abs_exports connects the monomorphic Ids bound by abs_binds
        with the polymorphic Ids bound by the AbsBinds itself.

    For example, consider a module M, with this top-level binding, where
    there is no type signature for M.reverse,
        M.reverse []     = []
        M.reverse (x:xs) = M.reverse xs ++ [x]

    In Hindley-Milner, a recursive binding is typechecked with the
    *recursive* uses being *monomorphic*.  So after typechecking *and*
    desugaring we will get something like this

        M.reverse :: forall a. [a] -> [a]
          = /\a. letrec
                    reverse :: [a] -> [a] = \xs -> case xs of
                                                    []     -> []
                                                    (x:xs) -> reverse xs ++ [x]
                 in reverse

    Notice that 'M.reverse' is polymorphic as expected, but there is a local
    definition for plain 'reverse' which is *monomorphic*.  The type variable
    'a' scopes over the entire letrec.

    That's after desugaring.  What about after type checking but before
    desugaring?  That's where AbsBinds comes in.  It looks like this:

       AbsBinds { abs_tvs     = [a]
                , abs_ev_vars = []
                , abs_exports = [ABE { abe_poly = M.reverse :: forall a. [a] -> [a],
                                     , abe_mono = reverse :: [a] -> [a]}]
                , abs_ev_binds = {}
                , abs_binds = { reverse :: [a] -> [a]
                                   = \xs -> case xs of
                                                []     -> []
                                                (x:xs) -> reverse xs ++ [x] } }

    Here,

      * abs_tvs says what type variables are abstracted over the binding
        group, just 'a' in this case.
      * abs_binds is the *monomorphic* bindings of the group
      * abs_exports describes how to get the polymorphic Id 'M.reverse'
        from the monomorphic one 'reverse'

    Notice that the *original* function (the polymorphic one you thought
    you were defining) appears in the abe_poly field of the
    abs_exports. The bindings in abs_binds are for fresh, local, Ids with
    a *monomorphic* Id.

    If there is a group of mutually recursive (see Note [Polymorphic
    recursion]) functions without type signatures, we get one AbsBinds
    with the monomorphic versions of the bindings in abs_binds, and one
    element of abe_exports for each variable bound in the mutually
    recursive group.  This is true even for pattern bindings.  Example:
            (f,g) = (\x -> x, f)
    After type checking we get
       AbsBinds { abs_tvs     = [a]
                , abs_exports = [ ABE { abe_poly = M.f :: forall a. a -> a
                                      , abe_mono = f :: a -> a }
                                , ABE { abe_poly = M.g :: forall a. a -> a
                                      , abe_mono = g :: a -> a }]
                , abs_binds = { (f,g) = (\x -> x, f) }

    Note [Polymorphic recursion]
    ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
    Consider
       Rec { f x = ...(g ef)...

           ; g :: forall a. [a] -> [a]
           ; g y = ...(f eg)...  }

    These bindings /are/ mutually recursive (f calls g, and g calls f).
    But we can use the type signature for g to break the recursion,
    like this:

      1. Add g :: forall a. [a] -> [a] to the type environment

      2. Typecheck the definition of f, all by itself,
         including generalising it to find its most general
         type, say f :: forall b. b -> b -> [b]

      3. Extend the type environment with that type for f

      4. Typecheck the definition of g, all by itself,
         checking that it has the type claimed by its signature

    Steps 2 and 4 each generate a separate AbsBinds, so we end
    up with
       Rec { AbsBinds { ...for f ... }
           ; AbsBinds { ...for g ... } }

    This approach allows both f and to call each other
    polymorphically, even though only g has a signature.

    We get an AbsBinds that encompasses multiple source-program
    bindings only when
     * Each binding in the group has at least one binder that
       lacks a user type signature
     * The group forms a strongly connected component

    Note [The abs_sig field of AbsBinds]
    ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
    The abs_sig field supports a couple of special cases for bindings.
    Consider

      x :: Num a => (# a, a #)
      x = (# 3, 4 #)

    The general desugaring for AbsBinds would give

      x = /\a. \ ($dNum :: Num a) ->
          letrec xm = (# fromInteger $dNum 3, fromInteger $dNum 4 #) in
          xm

    But that has an illegal let-binding for an unboxed tuple.  In this
    case we'd prefer to generate the (more direct)

      x = /\ a. \ ($dNum :: Num a) ->
         (# fromInteger $dNum 3, fromInteger $dNum 4 #)

    A similar thing happens with representation-polymorphic defns
    (#11405):

      undef :: forall (r :: RuntimeRep) (a :: TYPE r). HasCallStack => a
      undef = error "undef"

    Again, the vanilla desugaring gives a local let-binding for a
    representation-polymorphic (undefm :: a), which is illegal.  But
    again we can desugar without a let:

      undef = /\ a. \ (d:HasCallStack) -> error a d "undef"

    The abs_sig field supports this direct desugaring, with no local
    let-binding.  When abs_sig = True

     * the abs_binds is single FunBind

     * the abs_exports is a singleton

     * we have a complete type sig for binder
       and hence the abs_binds is non-recursive
       (it binds the mono_id but refers to the poly_id

    These properties are exploited in GHC.HsToCore.Binds.dsAbsBinds to
    generate code without a let-binding.

    Note [ABExport wrapper]
    ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
    Consider
       (f,g) = (\x.x, \y.y)
    This ultimately desugars to something like this:
       tup :: forall a b. (a->a, b->b)
       tup = /\a b. (\x:a.x, \y:b.y)
       f :: forall a. a -> a
       f = /\a. case tup a Any of
                   (fm::a->a,gm:Any->Any) -> fm
       ...similarly for g...

    The abe_wrap field deals with impedance-matching between
        (/\a b. case tup a b of { (f,g) -> f })
    and the thing we really want, which may have fewer type
    variables.  The action happens in GHC.Tc.Gen.Bind.mkExport.

    Note [Bind free vars]
    ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
    The bind_fvs field of FunBind and PatBind records the free variables
    of the definition.  It is used for the following purposes

    a) Dependency analysis prior to type checking
        (see GHC.Tc.Gen.Bind.tc_group)

    b) Deciding whether we can do generalisation of the binding
        (see GHC.Tc.Gen.Bind.decideGeneralisationPlan)

    c) Deciding whether the binding can be used in static forms
        (see GHC.Tc.Gen.Expr.checkClosedInStaticForm for the HsStatic case and
         GHC.Tc.Gen.Bind.isClosedBndrGroup).

    Specifically,

      * bind_fvs includes all free vars that are defined in this module
        (including top-level things and lexically scoped type variables)

      * bind_fvs excludes imported vars; this is just to keep the set smaller

      * Before renaming, and after typechecking, the field is unused;
        it's just an error thunk
    -}

    instance (OutputableBndrId pl, OutputableBndrId pr)
            => Outputable (HsLocalBindsLR (GhcPass pl) (GhcPass pr)) where
      ppr (HsValBinds _ bs)   = ppr bs
      ppr (HsIPBinds _ bs)    = ppr bs
      ppr (EmptyLocalBinds _) = empty

    instance (OutputableBndrId pl, OutputableBndrId pr)
            => Outputable (HsValBindsLR (GhcPass pl) (GhcPass pr)) where
      ppr (ValBinds _ binds sigs)
       = pprDeclList (pprLHsBindsForUser binds sigs)

      ppr (XValBindsLR (NValBinds sccs sigs))
        = getPprDebug $ \case
            -- Print with sccs showing
            True  -> vcat (map ppr sigs) $$ vcat (map ppr_scc sccs)
            False -> pprDeclList (pprLHsBindsForUser (unionManyBags (map snd sccs)) sigs)
       where
         ppr_scc (rec_flag, binds) = pp_rec rec_flag <+> pprLHsBinds binds
         pp_rec Recursive    = text "rec"
         pp_rec NonRecursive = text "nonrec"

    pprLHsBinds :: (OutputableBndrId idL, OutputableBndrId idR)
                => LHsBindsLR (GhcPass idL) (GhcPass idR) -> SDoc
    pprLHsBinds binds
      | isEmptyLHsBinds binds = empty
      | otherwise = pprDeclList (map ppr (bagToList binds))

    pprLHsBindsForUser :: (OutputableBndrId idL,
                           OutputableBndrId idR,
                           OutputableBndrId id2)
         => LHsBindsLR (GhcPass idL) (GhcPass idR) -> [LSig (GhcPass id2)] -> [SDoc]
    --  pprLHsBindsForUser is different to pprLHsBinds because
    --  a) No braces: 'let' and 'where' include a list of HsBindGroups
    --     and we don't want several groups of bindings each
    --     with braces around
    --  b) Sort by location before printing
    --  c) Include signatures
    pprLHsBindsForUser binds sigs
      = map snd (sort_by_loc decls)
      where

        decls :: [(SrcSpan, SDoc)]
        decls = [(loc, ppr sig)  | L loc sig <- sigs] ++
                [(loc, ppr bind) | L loc bind <- bagToList binds]

        sort_by_loc decls = sortBy (SrcLoc.leftmost_smallest `on` fst) decls

    pprDeclList :: [SDoc] -> SDoc   -- Braces with a space
    -- Print a bunch of declarations
    -- One could choose  { d1; d2; ... }, using 'sep'
    -- or      d1
    --         d2
    --         ..
    --    using vcat
    -- At the moment we chose the latter
    -- Also we do the 'pprDeeperList' thing.
    pprDeclList ds = pprDeeperList vcat ds

    ------------
    emptyLocalBinds :: HsLocalBindsLR (GhcPass a) (GhcPass b)
    emptyLocalBinds = EmptyLocalBinds noExtField

    eqEmptyLocalBinds :: HsLocalBindsLR a b -> Bool
    eqEmptyLocalBinds (EmptyLocalBinds _) = True
    eqEmptyLocalBinds _                   = False

    isEmptyValBinds :: HsValBindsLR (GhcPass a) (GhcPass b) -> Bool
    isEmptyValBinds (ValBinds _ ds sigs)  = isEmptyLHsBinds ds && null sigs
    isEmptyValBinds (XValBindsLR (NValBinds ds sigs)) = null ds && null sigs

    emptyValBindsIn, emptyValBindsOut :: HsValBindsLR (GhcPass a) (GhcPass b)
    emptyValBindsIn  = ValBinds noExtField emptyBag []
    emptyValBindsOut = XValBindsLR (NValBinds [] [])

    emptyLHsBinds :: LHsBindsLR idL idR
    emptyLHsBinds = emptyBag

    isEmptyLHsBinds :: LHsBindsLR idL idR -> Bool
    isEmptyLHsBinds = isEmptyBag

    ------------
    plusHsValBinds :: HsValBinds (GhcPass a) -> HsValBinds (GhcPass a)
                   -> HsValBinds(GhcPass a)
    plusHsValBinds (ValBinds _ ds1 sigs1) (ValBinds _ ds2 sigs2)
      = ValBinds noExtField (ds1 `unionBags` ds2) (sigs1 ++ sigs2)
    plusHsValBinds (XValBindsLR (NValBinds ds1 sigs1))
                   (XValBindsLR (NValBinds ds2 sigs2))
      = XValBindsLR (NValBinds (ds1 ++ ds2) (sigs1 ++ sigs2))
    plusHsValBinds _ _
      = panic "HsBinds.plusHsValBinds"

    instance (OutputableBndrId pl, OutputableBndrId pr)
             => Outputable (HsBindLR (GhcPass pl) (GhcPass pr)) where
        ppr mbind = ppr_monobind mbind

    ppr_monobind :: forall idL idR.
                    (OutputableBndrId idL, OutputableBndrId idR)
                 => HsBindLR (GhcPass idL) (GhcPass idR) -> SDoc

    ppr_monobind (PatBind { pat_lhs = pat, pat_rhs = grhss })
      = pprPatBind pat grhss
    ppr_monobind (VarBind { var_id = var, var_rhs = rhs })
      = sep [pprBndr CasePatBind var, nest 2 $ equals <+> pprExpr (unLoc rhs)]
    ppr_monobind (FunBind { fun_id = fun,
                            fun_matches = matches,
                            fun_tick = ticks,
                            fun_ext = wrap })
      = pprTicks empty (if null ticks then empty
                        else text "-- ticks = " <> ppr ticks)
        $$  whenPprDebug (pprBndr LetBind (unLoc fun))
        $$  pprFunBind  matches
        $$  whenPprDebug (pprIfTc @idR $ ppr wrap)

    ppr_monobind (PatSynBind _ psb) = ppr psb
    ppr_monobind (AbsBinds { abs_tvs = tyvars, abs_ev_vars = dictvars
                           , abs_exports = exports, abs_binds = val_binds
                           , abs_ev_binds = ev_binds })
      = sdocOption sdocPrintTypecheckerElaboration $ \case
          False -> pprLHsBinds val_binds
          True  -> -- Show extra information (bug number: #10662)
                   hang (text "AbsBinds"
                         <+> sep [ brackets (interpp'SP tyvars)
                                 , brackets (interpp'SP dictvars) ])
                      2 $ braces $ vcat
                   [ text "Exports:" <+>
                       brackets (sep (punctuate comma (map ppr exports)))
                   , text "Exported types:" <+>
                       vcat [pprBndr LetBind (abe_poly ex) | ex <- exports]
                   , text "Binds:" <+> pprLHsBinds val_binds
                   , pprIfTc @idR (text "Evidence:" <+> ppr ev_binds)
                   ]

    instance OutputableBndrId p => Outputable (ABExport (GhcPass p)) where
      ppr (ABE { abe_wrap = wrap, abe_poly = gbl, abe_mono = lcl, abe_prags = prags })
        = vcat [ sep [ ppr gbl, nest 2 (text "<=" <+> ppr lcl) ]
               , nest 2 (pprTcSpecPrags prags)
               , pprIfTc @p $ nest 2 (text "wrap:" <+> ppr wrap) ]

    instance (OutputableBndrId l, OutputableBndrId r,
             Outputable (XXPatSynBind (GhcPass l) (GhcPass r)))
              => Outputable (PatSynBind (GhcPass l) (GhcPass r)) where
      ppr (PSB{ psb_id = (L _ psyn), psb_args = details, psb_def = pat,
                psb_dir = dir })
          = ppr_lhs <+> ppr_rhs
        where
          ppr_lhs = text "pattern" <+> ppr_details
          ppr_simple syntax = syntax <+> ppr pat

          ppr_details = case details of
              InfixCon v1 v2 -> hsep [ppr v1, pprInfixOcc psyn, ppr v2]
              PrefixCon vs   -> hsep (pprPrefixOcc psyn : map ppr vs)
              RecCon vs      -> pprPrefixOcc psyn
                                <> braces (sep (punctuate comma (map ppr vs)))

          ppr_rhs = case dir of
              Unidirectional           -> ppr_simple (text "<-")
              ImplicitBidirectional    -> ppr_simple equals
              ExplicitBidirectional mg -> ppr_simple (text "<-") <+> ptext (sLit "where") $$
                                          (nest 2 $ pprFunBind mg)

    pprTicks :: SDoc -> SDoc -> SDoc
    -- Print stuff about ticks only when -dppr-debug is on, to avoid
    -- them appearing in error messages (from the desugarer); see # 3263
    -- Also print ticks in dumpStyle, so that -ddump-hpc actually does
    -- something useful.
    pprTicks pp_no_debug pp_when_debug
      = getPprStyle $ \sty ->
        getPprDebug $ \debug ->
          if debug || dumpStyle sty
             then pp_when_debug
             else pp_no_debug

    {-
    ************************************************************************
    *                                                                      *
                    Implicit parameter bindings
    *                                                                      *
    ************************************************************************
    -}

    -- | Haskell Implicit Parameter Bindings
    data HsIPBinds id
      = IPBinds
            (XIPBinds id)
            [LIPBind id]
            -- TcEvBinds       -- Only in typechecker output; binds
            --                 -- uses of the implicit parameters
      | XHsIPBinds !(XXHsIPBinds id)

    type instance XIPBinds       GhcPs = NoExtField
    type instance XIPBinds       GhcRn = NoExtField
    type instance XIPBinds       GhcTc = TcEvBinds -- binds uses of the
                                                   -- implicit parameters

    type instance XXHsIPBinds    (GhcPass p) = NoExtCon

    isEmptyIPBindsPR :: HsIPBinds (GhcPass p) -> Bool
    isEmptyIPBindsPR (IPBinds _ is) = null is

    isEmptyIPBindsTc :: HsIPBinds GhcTc -> Bool
    isEmptyIPBindsTc (IPBinds ds is) = null is && isEmptyTcEvBinds ds

    -- | Located Implicit Parameter Binding
    type LIPBind id = Located (IPBind id)
    -- ^ May have 'GHC.Parser.Annotation.AnnKeywordId' : 'GHC.Parser.Annotation.AnnSemi' when in a
    --   list

    -- For details on above see note [Api annotations] in GHC.Parser.Annotation

    -- | Implicit parameter bindings.
    --
    -- These bindings start off as (Left "x") in the parser and stay
    -- that way until after type-checking when they are replaced with
    -- (Right d), where "d" is the name of the dictionary holding the
    -- evidence for the implicit parameter.
    --
    -- - 'GHC.Parser.Annotation.AnnKeywordId' : 'GHC.Parser.Annotation.AnnEqual'

    -- For details on above see note [Api annotations] in GHC.Parser.Annotation
    data IPBind id
      = IPBind
            (XCIPBind id)
            (Either (Located HsIPName) (IdP id))
            (LHsExpr id)
      | XIPBind !(XXIPBind id)

    type instance XCIPBind    (GhcPass p) = NoExtField
    type instance XXIPBind    (GhcPass p) = NoExtCon

    instance OutputableBndrId p
           => Outputable (HsIPBinds (GhcPass p)) where
      ppr (IPBinds ds bs) = pprDeeperList vcat (map ppr bs)
                            $$ whenPprDebug (pprIfTc @p $ ppr ds)

    instance OutputableBndrId p => Outputable (IPBind (GhcPass p)) where
      ppr (IPBind _ lr rhs) = name <+> equals <+> pprExpr (unLoc rhs)
        where name = case lr of
                       Left (L _ ip) -> pprBndr LetBind ip
                       Right     id  -> pprBndr LetBind id

    {-
    ************************************************************************
    *                                                                      *
    \subsection{@Sig@: type signatures and value-modifying user pragmas}
    *                                                                      *
    ************************************************************************

    It is convenient to lump ``value-modifying'' user-pragmas (e.g.,
    ``specialise this function to these four types...'') in with type
    signatures.  Then all the machinery to move them into place, etc.,
    serves for both.
    -}

    -- | Located Signature
    type LSig pass = Located (Sig pass)

    -- | Signatures and pragmas
    data Sig pass
      =   -- | An ordinary type signature
          --
          -- > f :: Num a => a -> a
          --
          -- After renaming, this list of Names contains the named
          -- wildcards brought into scope by this signature. For a signature
          -- @_ -> _a -> Bool@, the renamer will leave the unnamed wildcard @_@
          -- untouched, and the named wildcard @_a@ is then replaced with
          -- fresh meta vars in the type. Their names are stored in the type
          -- signature that brought them into scope, in this third field to be
          -- more specific.
          --
          --  - 'GHC.Parser.Annotation.AnnKeywordId' : 'GHC.Parser.Annotation.AnnDcolon',
          --          'GHC.Parser.Annotation.AnnComma'

          -- For details on above see note [Api annotations] in GHC.Parser.Annotation
        TypeSig
           (XTypeSig pass)
           [Located (IdP pass)]  -- LHS of the signature; e.g.  f,g,h :: blah
           (LHsSigWcType pass)   -- RHS of the signature; can have wildcards

          -- | A pattern synonym type signature
          --
          -- > pattern Single :: () => (Show a) => a -> [a]
          --
          --  - 'GHC.Parser.Annotation.AnnKeywordId' : 'GHC.Parser.Annotation.AnnPattern',
          --           'GHC.Parser.Annotation.AnnDcolon','GHC.Parser.Annotation.AnnForall'
          --           'GHC.Parser.Annotation.AnnDot','GHC.Parser.Annotation.AnnDarrow'

          -- For details on above see note [Api annotations] in GHC.Parser.Annotation
      | PatSynSig (XPatSynSig pass) [Located (IdP pass)] (LHsSigType pass)
          -- P :: forall a b. Req => Prov => ty

          -- | A signature for a class method
          --   False: ordinary class-method signature
          --   True:  generic-default class method signature
          -- e.g.   class C a where
          --          op :: a -> a                   -- Ordinary
          --          default op :: Eq a => a -> a   -- Generic default
          -- No wildcards allowed here
          --
          --  - 'GHC.Parser.Annotation.AnnKeywordId' : 'GHC.Parser.Annotation.AnnDefault',
          --           'GHC.Parser.Annotation.AnnDcolon'
      | ClassOpSig (XClassOpSig pass) Bool [Located (IdP pass)] (LHsSigType pass)

            -- | A type signature in generated code, notably the code
            -- generated for record selectors.  We simply record
            -- the desired Id itself, replete with its name, type
            -- and IdDetails.  Otherwise it's just like a type
            -- signature: there should be an accompanying binding
      | IdSig (XIdSig pass) Id

            -- | An ordinary fixity declaration
            --
            -- >     infixl 8 ***
            --
            --
            --  - 'GHC.Parser.Annotation.AnnKeywordId' : 'GHC.Parser.Annotation.AnnInfix',
            --           'GHC.Parser.Annotation.AnnVal'

            -- For details on above see note [Api annotations] in GHC.Parser.Annotation
      | FixSig (XFixSig pass) (FixitySig pass)

            -- | An inline pragma
            --
            -- > {#- INLINE f #-}
            --
            --  - 'GHC.Parser.Annotation.AnnKeywordId' :
            --       'GHC.Parser.Annotation.AnnOpen' @'{-\# INLINE'@ and @'['@,
            --       'GHC.Parser.Annotation.AnnClose','GHC.Parser.Annotation.AnnOpen',
            --       'GHC.Parser.Annotation.AnnVal','GHC.Parser.Annotation.AnnTilde',
            --       'GHC.Parser.Annotation.AnnClose'

            -- For details on above see note [Api annotations] in GHC.Parser.Annotation
      | InlineSig   (XInlineSig pass)
                    (Located (IdP pass)) -- Function name
                    InlinePragma         -- Never defaultInlinePragma

            -- | A specialisation pragma
            --
            -- > {-# SPECIALISE f :: Int -> Int #-}
            --
            --  - 'GHC.Parser.Annotation.AnnKeywordId' : 'GHC.Parser.Annotation.AnnOpen',
            --      'GHC.Parser.Annotation.AnnOpen' @'{-\# SPECIALISE'@ and @'['@,
            --      'GHC.Parser.Annotation.AnnTilde',
            --      'GHC.Parser.Annotation.AnnVal',
            --      'GHC.Parser.Annotation.AnnClose' @']'@ and @'\#-}'@,
            --      'GHC.Parser.Annotation.AnnDcolon'

            -- For details on above see note [Api annotations] in GHC.Parser.Annotation
      | SpecSig     (XSpecSig pass)
                    (Located (IdP pass)) -- Specialise a function or datatype  ...
                    [LHsSigType pass]  -- ... to these types
                    InlinePragma       -- The pragma on SPECIALISE_INLINE form.
                                       -- If it's just defaultInlinePragma, then we said
                                       --    SPECIALISE, not SPECIALISE_INLINE

            -- | A specialisation pragma for instance declarations only
            --
            -- > {-# SPECIALISE instance Eq [Int] #-}
            --
            -- (Class tys); should be a specialisation of the
            -- current instance declaration
            --
            --  - 'GHC.Parser.Annotation.AnnKeywordId' : 'GHC.Parser.Annotation.AnnOpen',
            --      'GHC.Parser.Annotation.AnnInstance','GHC.Parser.Annotation.AnnClose'

            -- For details on above see note [Api annotations] in GHC.Parser.Annotation
      | SpecInstSig (XSpecInstSig pass) SourceText (LHsSigType pass)
                      -- Note [Pragma source text] in GHC.Types.Basic

            -- | A minimal complete definition pragma
            --
            -- > {-# MINIMAL a | (b, c | (d | e)) #-}
            --
            --  - 'GHC.Parser.Annotation.AnnKeywordId' : 'GHC.Parser.Annotation.AnnOpen',
            --      'GHC.Parser.Annotation.AnnVbar','GHC.Parser.Annotation.AnnComma',
            --      'GHC.Parser.Annotation.AnnClose'

            -- For details on above see note [Api annotations] in GHC.Parser.Annotation
      | MinimalSig (XMinimalSig pass)
                   SourceText (LBooleanFormula (Located (IdP pass)))
                   -- Note [Pragma source text] in GHC.Types.Basic

            -- | A "set cost centre" pragma for declarations
            --
            -- > {-# SCC funName #-}
            --
            -- or
            --
            -- > {-# SCC funName "cost_centre_name" #-}

      | SCCFunSig  (XSCCFunSig pass)
                   SourceText      -- Note [Pragma source text] in GHC.Types.Basic
                   (Located (IdP pass))  -- Function name
                   (Maybe (Located StringLiteral))
           -- | A complete match pragma
           --
           -- > {-# COMPLETE C, D [:: T] #-}
           --
           -- Used to inform the pattern match checker about additional
           -- complete matchings which, for example, arise from pattern
           -- synonym definitions.
      | CompleteMatchSig (XCompleteMatchSig pass)
                         SourceText
                         (Located [Located (IdP pass)])
                         (Maybe (Located (IdP pass)))
      | XSig !(XXSig pass)

    type instance XTypeSig          (GhcPass p) = NoExtField
    type instance XPatSynSig        (GhcPass p) = NoExtField
    type instance XClassOpSig       (GhcPass p) = NoExtField
    type instance XIdSig            (GhcPass p) = NoExtField
    type instance XFixSig           (GhcPass p) = NoExtField
    type instance XInlineSig        (GhcPass p) = NoExtField
    type instance XSpecSig          (GhcPass p) = NoExtField
    type instance XSpecInstSig      (GhcPass p) = NoExtField
    type instance XMinimalSig       (GhcPass p) = NoExtField
    type instance XSCCFunSig        (GhcPass p) = NoExtField
    type instance XCompleteMatchSig (GhcPass p) = NoExtField
    type instance XXSig             (GhcPass p) = NoExtCon

    -- | Located Fixity Signature
    type LFixitySig pass = Located (FixitySig pass)

    -- | Fixity Signature
    data FixitySig pass = FixitySig (XFixitySig pass) [Located (IdP pass)] Fixity
                        | XFixitySig !(XXFixitySig pass)

    type instance XFixitySig  (GhcPass p) = NoExtField
    type instance XXFixitySig (GhcPass p) = NoExtCon

    -- | Type checker Specialisation Pragmas
    --
    -- 'TcSpecPrags' conveys @SPECIALISE@ pragmas from the type checker to the desugarer
    data TcSpecPrags
      = IsDefaultMethod     -- ^ Super-specialised: a default method should
                            -- be macro-expanded at every call site
      | SpecPrags [LTcSpecPrag]
      deriving Data

    -- | Located Type checker Specification Pragmas
    type LTcSpecPrag = Located TcSpecPrag

    -- | Type checker Specification Pragma
    data TcSpecPrag
      = SpecPrag
            Id
            HsWrapper
            InlinePragma
      -- ^ The Id to be specialised, a wrapper that specialises the
      -- polymorphic function, and inlining spec for the specialised function
      deriving Data

    noSpecPrags :: TcSpecPrags
    noSpecPrags = SpecPrags []

    hasSpecPrags :: TcSpecPrags -> Bool
    hasSpecPrags (SpecPrags ps) = not (null ps)
    hasSpecPrags IsDefaultMethod = False

    isDefaultMethod :: TcSpecPrags -> Bool
    isDefaultMethod IsDefaultMethod = True
    isDefaultMethod (SpecPrags {})  = False

    isFixityLSig :: LSig name -> Bool
    isFixityLSig (L _ (FixSig {})) = True
    isFixityLSig _                 = False

    isTypeLSig :: LSig name -> Bool  -- Type signatures
    isTypeLSig (L _(TypeSig {}))    = True
    isTypeLSig (L _(ClassOpSig {})) = True
    isTypeLSig (L _(IdSig {}))      = True
    isTypeLSig _                    = False

    isSpecLSig :: LSig name -> Bool
    isSpecLSig (L _(SpecSig {})) = True
    isSpecLSig _                 = False

    isSpecInstLSig :: LSig name -> Bool
    isSpecInstLSig (L _ (SpecInstSig {})) = True
    isSpecInstLSig _                      = False

    isPragLSig :: LSig name -> Bool
    -- Identifies pragmas
    isPragLSig (L _ (SpecSig {}))   = True
    isPragLSig (L _ (InlineSig {})) = True
    isPragLSig (L _ (SCCFunSig {})) = True
    isPragLSig (L _ (CompleteMatchSig {})) = True
    isPragLSig _                    = False

    isInlineLSig :: LSig name -> Bool
    -- Identifies inline pragmas
    isInlineLSig (L _ (InlineSig {})) = True
    isInlineLSig _                    = False

    isMinimalLSig :: LSig name -> Bool
    isMinimalLSig (L _ (MinimalSig {})) = True
    isMinimalLSig _                     = False

    isSCCFunSig :: LSig name -> Bool
    isSCCFunSig (L _ (SCCFunSig {})) = True
    isSCCFunSig _                    = False

    isCompleteMatchSig :: LSig name -> Bool
    isCompleteMatchSig (L _ (CompleteMatchSig {} )) = True
    isCompleteMatchSig _                            = False

    hsSigDoc :: Sig name -> SDoc
    hsSigDoc (TypeSig {})           = text "type signature"
    hsSigDoc (PatSynSig {})         = text "pattern synonym signature"
    hsSigDoc (ClassOpSig _ is_deflt _ _)
     | is_deflt                     = text "default type signature"
     | otherwise                    = text "class method signature"
    hsSigDoc (IdSig {})             = text "id signature"
    hsSigDoc (SpecSig _ _ _ inl)
                                    = ppr inl <+> text "pragma"
    hsSigDoc (InlineSig _ _ prag)   = ppr (inlinePragmaSpec prag) <+> text "pragma"
    hsSigDoc (SpecInstSig _ src _)
                                    = pprWithSourceText src empty <+> text "instance pragma"
    hsSigDoc (FixSig {})            = text "fixity declaration"
    hsSigDoc (MinimalSig {})        = text "MINIMAL pragma"
    hsSigDoc (SCCFunSig {})         = text "SCC pragma"
    hsSigDoc (CompleteMatchSig {})  = text "COMPLETE pragma"
    hsSigDoc (XSig {})              = text "XSIG TTG extension"

    {-
    Check if signatures overlap; this is used when checking for duplicate
    signatures. Since some of the signatures contain a list of names, testing for
    equality is not enough -- we have to check if they overlap.
    -}

    instance OutputableBndrId p => Outputable (Sig (GhcPass p)) where
        ppr sig = ppr_sig sig

    ppr_sig :: (OutputableBndrId p) => Sig (GhcPass p) -> SDoc
    ppr_sig (TypeSig _ vars ty)  = pprVarSig (map unLoc vars) (ppr ty)
    ppr_sig (ClassOpSig _ is_deflt vars ty)
      | is_deflt                 = text "default" <+> pprVarSig (map unLoc vars) (ppr ty)
      | otherwise                = pprVarSig (map unLoc vars) (ppr ty)
    ppr_sig (IdSig _ id)         = pprVarSig [id] (ppr (varType id))
    ppr_sig (FixSig _ fix_sig)   = ppr fix_sig
    ppr_sig (SpecSig _ var ty inl@(InlinePragma { inl_inline = spec }))
      = pragSrcBrackets (inl_src inl) pragmaSrc (pprSpec (unLoc var)
                                                 (interpp'SP ty) inl)
        where
          pragmaSrc = case spec of
            NoUserInline -> "{-# SPECIALISE"
            _            -> "{-# SPECIALISE_INLINE"
    ppr_sig (InlineSig _ var inl)
      = pragSrcBrackets (inl_src inl) "{-# INLINE"  (pprInline inl
                                       <+> pprPrefixOcc (unLoc var))
    ppr_sig (SpecInstSig _ src ty)
      = pragSrcBrackets src "{-# pragma" (text "instance" <+> ppr ty)
    ppr_sig (MinimalSig _ src bf)
      = pragSrcBrackets src "{-# MINIMAL" (pprMinimalSig bf)
    ppr_sig (PatSynSig _ names sig_ty)
      = text "pattern" <+> pprVarSig (map unLoc names) (ppr sig_ty)
    ppr_sig (SCCFunSig _ src fn mlabel)
      = pragSrcBrackets src "{-# SCC" (ppr fn <+> maybe empty ppr mlabel )
    ppr_sig (CompleteMatchSig _ src cs mty)
      = pragSrcBrackets src "{-# COMPLETE"
          ((hsep (punctuate comma (map ppr (unLoc cs))))
            <+> opt_sig)
      where
        opt_sig = maybe empty ((\t -> dcolon <+> ppr t) . unLoc) mty

    instance OutputableBndrId p
           => Outputable (FixitySig (GhcPass p)) where
      ppr (FixitySig _ names fixity) = sep [ppr fixity, pprops]
        where
          pprops = hsep $ punctuate comma (map (pprInfixOcc . unLoc) names)

    pragBrackets :: SDoc -> SDoc
    pragBrackets doc = text "{-#" <+> doc <+> text "#-}"

    -- | Using SourceText in case the pragma was spelled differently or used mixed
    -- case
    pragSrcBrackets :: SourceText -> String -> SDoc -> SDoc
    pragSrcBrackets (SourceText src) _   doc = text src <+> doc <+> text "#-}"
    pragSrcBrackets NoSourceText     alt doc = text alt <+> doc <+> text "#-}"

    pprVarSig :: (OutputableBndr id) => [id] -> SDoc -> SDoc
    pprVarSig vars pp_ty = sep [pprvars <+> dcolon, nest 2 pp_ty]
      where
        pprvars = hsep $ punctuate comma (map pprPrefixOcc vars)

    pprSpec :: (OutputableBndr id) => id -> SDoc -> InlinePragma -> SDoc
    pprSpec var pp_ty inl = pp_inl <+> pprVarSig [var] pp_ty
      where
        pp_inl | isDefaultInlinePragma inl = empty
               | otherwise = pprInline inl

    pprTcSpecPrags :: TcSpecPrags -> SDoc
    pprTcSpecPrags IsDefaultMethod = text "<default method>"
    pprTcSpecPrags (SpecPrags ps)  = vcat (map (ppr . unLoc) ps)

    instance Outputable TcSpecPrag where
      ppr (SpecPrag var _ inl)
        = text "SPECIALIZE" <+> pprSpec var (text "<type>") inl

    pprMinimalSig :: (OutputableBndr name)
                  => LBooleanFormula (Located name) -> SDoc
    pprMinimalSig (L _ bf) = ppr (fmap unLoc bf)

    {-
    ************************************************************************
    *                                                                      *
    \subsection[PatSynBind]{A pattern synonym definition}
    *                                                                      *
    ************************************************************************
    -}

    -- | Haskell Pattern Synonym Details
    type HsPatSynDetails arg = HsConDetails arg [RecordPatSynField arg]

    -- See Note [Record PatSyn Fields]
    -- | Record Pattern Synonym Field
    data RecordPatSynField a
      = RecordPatSynField {
          recordPatSynSelectorId :: a  -- Selector name visible in rest of the file
          , recordPatSynPatVar :: a
          -- Filled in by renamer, the name used internally
          -- by the pattern
          } deriving (Data, Functor)

    {-
    Note [Record PatSyn Fields]

    Consider the following two pattern synonyms.

    pattern P x y = ([x,True], [y,'v'])
    pattern Q{ x, y } =([x,True], [y,'v'])

    In P, we just have two local binders, x and y.

    In Q, we have local binders but also top-level record selectors
    x :: ([Bool], [Char]) -> Bool and similarly for y.

    It would make sense to support record-like syntax

    pattern Q{ x=x1, y=y1 } = ([x1,True], [y1,'v'])

    when we have a different name for the local and top-level binder
    the distinction between the two names clear

    -}
    instance Outputable a => Outputable (RecordPatSynField a) where
        ppr (RecordPatSynField { recordPatSynSelectorId = v }) = ppr v

    instance Foldable RecordPatSynField  where
        foldMap f (RecordPatSynField { recordPatSynSelectorId = visible
                                     , recordPatSynPatVar = hidden })
          = f visible `mappend` f hidden

    instance Traversable RecordPatSynField where
        traverse f (RecordPatSynField { recordPatSynSelectorId =visible
                                      , recordPatSynPatVar = hidden })
          = (\ sel_id pat_var -> RecordPatSynField { recordPatSynSelectorId = sel_id
                                                   , recordPatSynPatVar = pat_var })
              <$> f visible <*> f hidden

    -- | Haskell Pattern Synonym Direction
    data HsPatSynDir id
      = Unidirectional
      | ImplicitBidirectional
      | ExplicitBidirectional (MatchGroup id (LHsExpr id))