%
% (c) The GRASP/AQUA Project, Glasgow University, 19921998
%
\section[StgSyn]{Shared term graph (STG) syntax for spinelesstagless code generation}
This data type represents programs just before code generation
(conversion to @AbstractC@): basically, what we have is a stylised
form of @CoreSyntax@, the style being one that happens to be ideally
suited to spineless tagless code generation.
\begin{code}
module StgSyn (
GenStgArg(..),
GenStgLiveVars,
GenStgBinding(..), GenStgExpr(..), GenStgRhs(..),
GenStgAlt, AltType(..),
UpdateFlag(..), isUpdatable,
StgBinderInfo,
noBinderInfo, stgSatOcc, stgUnsatOcc, satCallsOnly,
combineStgBinderInfo,
StgArg, StgLiveVars,
StgBinding, StgExpr, StgRhs, StgAlt,
StgOp(..),
SRT(..),
stgBindHasCafRefs, stgArgHasCafRefs, stgRhsArity,
isDllConApp, isStgTypeArg,
stgArgType,
pprStgBinding, pprStgBindings, pprStgBindingsWithSRTs
#ifdef DEBUG
, pprStgLVs
#endif
) where
#include "HsVersions.h"
import CostCentre ( CostCentreStack, CostCentre )
import VarSet ( IdSet, isEmptyVarSet )
import Id ( Id, idName, idType, idCafInfo, isId )
import IdInfo ( mayHaveCafRefs )
import Packages ( isDllName )
import Literal ( Literal, literalType )
import ForeignCall ( ForeignCall )
import DataCon ( DataCon, dataConName )
import CoreSyn ( AltCon )
import PprCore ( )
import PrimOp ( PrimOp, PrimCall )
import Outputable
import Type ( Type )
import TyCon ( TyCon )
import UniqSet
import Unique ( Unique )
import Bitmap
import StaticFlags ( opt_SccProfilingOn )
import Module
import FastString
\end{code}
%************************************************************************
%* *
\subsection{@GenStgBinding@}
%* *
%************************************************************************
As usual, expressions are interesting; other things are boring. Here
are the boring things [except note the @GenStgRhs@], parameterised
with respect to binder and occurrence information (just as in
@CoreSyn@):
There is one SRT for each group of bindings.
\begin{code}
data GenStgBinding bndr occ
= StgNonRec bndr (GenStgRhs bndr occ)
| StgRec [(bndr, GenStgRhs bndr occ)]
\end{code}
%************************************************************************
%* *
\subsection{@GenStgArg@}
%* *
%************************************************************************
\begin{code}
data GenStgArg occ
= StgVarArg occ
| StgLitArg Literal
| StgTypeArg Type
\end{code}
\begin{code}
isStgTypeArg :: StgArg -> Bool
isStgTypeArg (StgTypeArg _) = True
isStgTypeArg _ = False
isDllArg :: PackageId -> StgArg -> Bool
isDllArg this_pkg (StgVarArg v) = isDllName this_pkg (idName v)
isDllArg _ _ = False
isDllConApp :: PackageId -> DataCon -> [StgArg] -> Bool
isDllConApp this_pkg con args
= isDllName this_pkg (dataConName con) || any (isDllArg this_pkg) args
stgArgType :: StgArg -> Type
stgArgType (StgVarArg v) = idType v
stgArgType (StgLitArg lit) = literalType lit
stgArgType (StgTypeArg _) = panic "stgArgType called on stgTypeArg"
\end{code}
%************************************************************************
%* *
\subsection{STG expressions}
%* *
%************************************************************************
The @GenStgExpr@ data type is parameterised on binder and occurrence
info, as before.
%************************************************************************
%* *
\subsubsection{@GenStgExpr@ application}
%* *
%************************************************************************
An application is of a function to a list of atoms [not expressions].
Operationally, we want to push the arguments on the stack and call the
function. (If the arguments were expressions, we would have to build
their closures first.)
There is no constructor for a lone variable; it would appear as
@StgApp var [] _@.
\begin{code}
type GenStgLiveVars occ = UniqSet occ
data GenStgExpr bndr occ
= StgApp
occ
[GenStgArg occ]
\end{code}
%************************************************************************
%* *
\subsubsection{@StgConApp@ and @StgPrimApp@---saturated applications}
%* *
%************************************************************************
There are a specialised forms of application, for
constructors, primitives, and literals.
\begin{code}
| StgLit Literal
| StgConApp DataCon
[GenStgArg occ]
| StgOpApp StgOp
[GenStgArg occ]
Type
\end{code}
%************************************************************************
%* *
\subsubsection{@StgLam@}
%* *
%************************************************************************
StgLam is used *only* during CoreToStg's work. Before CoreToStg has finished
it encodes (\x -> e) as (let f = \x -> e in f)
\begin{code}
| StgLam
Type
[bndr]
StgExpr
\end{code}
%************************************************************************
%* *
\subsubsection{@GenStgExpr@: caseexpressions}
%* *
%************************************************************************
This has the same boxed/unboxed business as Core case expressions.
\begin{code}
| StgCase
(GenStgExpr bndr occ)
(GenStgLiveVars occ)
(GenStgLiveVars occ)
bndr
SRT
AltType
[GenStgAlt bndr occ]
\end{code}
%************************************************************************
%* *
\subsubsection{@GenStgExpr@: @let(rec)@-expressions}
%* *
%************************************************************************
The various forms of let(rec)expression encode most of the
interesting things we want to do.
\begin{enumerate}
\item
\begin{verbatim}
letclosure x = [freevars] expr [args]
in e
\end{verbatim}
is equivalent to
\begin{verbatim}
let x = (\freevars -> \args -> expr) freevars
\end{verbatim}
\tr{args} may be empty (and is for most closures). It isn't under
circumstances like this:
\begin{verbatim}
let x = (\y -> y+z)
\end{verbatim}
This gets mangled to
\begin{verbatim}
letclosure x = [z] [y] (y+z)
\end{verbatim}
The idea is that we compile code for @(y+z)@ in an environment in which
@z@ is bound to an offset from \tr{Node}, and @y@ is bound to an
offset from the stack pointer.
(A letclosure is an @StgLet@ with a @StgRhsClosure@ RHS.)
\item
\begin{verbatim}
letconstructor x = Constructor [args]
in e
\end{verbatim}
(A letconstructor is an @StgLet@ with a @StgRhsCon@ RHS.)
\item
Letrecexpressions are essentially the same deal as
letclosure/letconstructor, so we use a common structure and
distinguish between them with an @is_recursive@ boolean flag.
\item
\begin{verbatim}
letunboxed u = an arbitrary arithmetic expression in unboxed values
in e
\end{verbatim}
All the stuff on the RHS must be fully evaluated. No function calls either!
(We've backed away from this toward caseexpressions with
suitablymagical alts ...)
\item
~[Advanced stuff here! Not to start with, but makes pattern matching
generate more efficient code.]
\begin{verbatim}
letescapesnot fail = expr
in e'
\end{verbatim}
Here the idea is that @e'@ guarantees not to put @fail@ in a data structure,
or pass it to another function. All @e'@ will ever do is tailcall @fail@.
Rather than build a closure for @fail@, all we need do is to record the stack
level at the moment of the @letescapesnot@; then entering @fail@ is just
a matter of adjusting the stack pointer back down to that point and entering
the code for it.
Another example:
\begin{verbatim}
f x y = let z = hugeexpression in
if y==1 then z else
if y==2 then z else
1
\end{verbatim}
(A letescapesnot is an @StgLetNoEscape@.)
\item
We may eventually want:
\begin{verbatim}
letliteral x = Literal
in e
\end{verbatim}
(ToDo: is this obsolete?)
\end{enumerate}
And so the code for let(rec)things:
\begin{code}
| StgLet
(GenStgBinding bndr occ)
(GenStgExpr bndr occ)
| StgLetNoEscape
(GenStgLiveVars occ)
(GenStgLiveVars occ)
(GenStgBinding bndr occ)
(GenStgExpr bndr occ)
\end{code}
%************************************************************************
%* *
\subsubsection{@GenStgExpr@: @scc@ expressions}
%* *
%************************************************************************
Finally for @scc@ expressions we introduce a new STG construct.
\begin{code}
| StgSCC
CostCentre
(GenStgExpr bndr occ)
\end{code}
%************************************************************************
%* *
\subsubsection{@GenStgExpr@: @hpc@ expressions}
%* *
%************************************************************************
Finally for @scc@ expressions we introduce a new STG construct.
\begin{code}
| StgTick
Module
Int
(GenStgExpr bndr occ)
\end{code}
%************************************************************************
%* *
\subsection{STG righthand sides}
%* *
%************************************************************************
Here's the rest of the interesting stuff for @StgLet@s; the first
flavour is for closures:
\begin{code}
data GenStgRhs bndr occ
= StgRhsClosure
CostCentreStack
StgBinderInfo
[occ]
!UpdateFlag
SRT
[bndr]
(GenStgExpr bndr occ)
\end{code}
An example may be in order. Consider:
\begin{verbatim}
let t = \x -> \y -> ... x ... y ... p ... q in e
\end{verbatim}
Pulling out the free vars and stylising somewhat, we get the equivalent:
\begin{verbatim}
let t = (\[p,q] -> \[x,y] -> ... x ... y ... p ...q) p q
\end{verbatim}
Stgoperationally, the @[x,y]@ are on the stack, the @[p,q]@ are
offsets from @Node@ into the closure, and the code ptr for the closure
will be exactly that in parentheses above.
The second flavour of righthandside is for constructors (simple but important):
\begin{code}
| StgRhsCon
CostCentreStack
DataCon
[GenStgArg occ]
\end{code}
\begin{code}
stgRhsArity :: StgRhs -> Int
stgRhsArity (StgRhsClosure _ _ _ _ _ bndrs _)
= ASSERT( all isId bndrs ) length bndrs
stgRhsArity (StgRhsCon _ _ _) = 0
\end{code}
\begin{code}
stgBindHasCafRefs :: GenStgBinding bndr Id -> Bool
stgBindHasCafRefs (StgNonRec _ rhs) = rhsHasCafRefs rhs
stgBindHasCafRefs (StgRec binds) = any rhsHasCafRefs (map snd binds)
rhsHasCafRefs :: GenStgRhs bndr Id -> Bool
rhsHasCafRefs (StgRhsClosure _ _ _ upd srt _ _)
= isUpdatable upd || nonEmptySRT srt
rhsHasCafRefs (StgRhsCon _ _ args)
= any stgArgHasCafRefs args
stgArgHasCafRefs :: GenStgArg Id -> Bool
stgArgHasCafRefs (StgVarArg id) = mayHaveCafRefs (idCafInfo id)
stgArgHasCafRefs _ = False
\end{code}
Here's the @StgBinderInfo@ type, and its combining op:
\begin{code}
data StgBinderInfo
= NoStgBinderInfo
| SatCallsOnly
noBinderInfo, stgUnsatOcc, stgSatOcc :: StgBinderInfo
noBinderInfo = NoStgBinderInfo
stgUnsatOcc = NoStgBinderInfo
stgSatOcc = SatCallsOnly
satCallsOnly :: StgBinderInfo -> Bool
satCallsOnly SatCallsOnly = True
satCallsOnly NoStgBinderInfo = False
combineStgBinderInfo :: StgBinderInfo -> StgBinderInfo -> StgBinderInfo
combineStgBinderInfo SatCallsOnly SatCallsOnly = SatCallsOnly
combineStgBinderInfo _ _ = NoStgBinderInfo
pp_binder_info :: StgBinderInfo -> SDoc
pp_binder_info NoStgBinderInfo = empty
pp_binder_info SatCallsOnly = ptext (sLit "sat-only")
\end{code}
%************************************************************************
%* *
\subsection[Stgcasealternatives]{STG case alternatives}
%* *
%************************************************************************
Very like in @CoreSyntax@ (except no typeworld stuff).
The type constructor is guaranteed not to be abstract; that is, we can
see its representation. This is important because the code generator
uses it to determine return conventions etc. But it's not trivial
where there's a moduule loop involved, because some versions of a type
constructor might not have all the constructors visible. So
mkStgAlgAlts (in CoreToStg) ensures that it gets the TyCon from the
constructors or literals (which are guaranteed to have the Real McCoy)
rather than from the scrutinee type.
\begin{code}
type GenStgAlt bndr occ
= (AltCon,
[bndr],
[Bool],
GenStgExpr bndr occ)
data AltType
= PolyAlt
| UbxTupAlt TyCon
| AlgAlt TyCon
| PrimAlt TyCon
\end{code}
%************************************************************************
%* *
\subsection[Stg]{The Plain STG parameterisation}
%* *
%************************************************************************
This happens to be the only one we use at the moment.
\begin{code}
type StgBinding = GenStgBinding Id Id
type StgArg = GenStgArg Id
type StgLiveVars = GenStgLiveVars Id
type StgExpr = GenStgExpr Id Id
type StgRhs = GenStgRhs Id Id
type StgAlt = GenStgAlt Id Id
\end{code}
%************************************************************************
%* *
\subsubsection[UpdateFlagdatatype]{@UpdateFlag@}
%* *
%************************************************************************
This is also used in @LambdaFormInfo@ in the @ClosureInfo@ module.
A @ReEntrant@ closure may be entered multiple times, but should not be
updated or blackholed. An @Updatable@ closure should be updated after
evaluation (and may be blackholed during evaluation). A @SingleEntry@
closure will only be entered once, and so need not be updated but may
safely be blackholed.
\begin{code}
data UpdateFlag = ReEntrant | Updatable | SingleEntry
instance Outputable UpdateFlag where
ppr u
= char (case u of { ReEntrant -> 'r'; Updatable -> 'u'; SingleEntry -> 's' })
isUpdatable :: UpdateFlag -> Bool
isUpdatable ReEntrant = False
isUpdatable SingleEntry = False
isUpdatable Updatable = True
\end{code}
%************************************************************************
%* *
\subsubsection{StgOp}
%* *
%************************************************************************
An StgOp allows us to group together PrimOps and ForeignCalls.
It's quite useful to move these around together, notably
in StgOpApp and COpStmt.
\begin{code}
data StgOp = StgPrimOp PrimOp
| StgPrimCallOp PrimCall
| StgFCallOp ForeignCall Unique
\end{code}
%************************************************************************
%* *
\subsubsection[Static Reference Tables]{@SRT@}
%* *
%************************************************************************
There is one SRT per toplevel function group. Each local binding and
case expression within this binding group has a subrange of the whole
SRT, expressed as an offset and length.
In CoreToStg we collect the list of CafRefs at each SRT site, which is later
converted into the length and offset form by the SRT pass.
\begin{code}
data SRT = NoSRT
| SRTEntries IdSet
| SRT !Int !Int !Bitmap
nonEmptySRT :: SRT -> Bool
nonEmptySRT NoSRT = False
nonEmptySRT (SRTEntries vs) = not (isEmptyVarSet vs)
nonEmptySRT _ = True
pprSRT :: SRT -> SDoc
pprSRT (NoSRT) = ptext (sLit "_no_srt_")
pprSRT (SRTEntries ids) = text "SRT:" <> ppr ids
pprSRT (SRT off _ _) = parens (ppr off <> comma <> text "*bitmap*")
\end{code}
%************************************************************************
%* *
\subsection[Stgprettyprinting]{Prettyprinting}
%* *
%************************************************************************
Robin Popplestone asked for semicolon separators on STG binds; here's
hoping he likes terminators instead... Ditto for case alternatives.
\begin{code}
pprGenStgBinding :: (Outputable bndr, Outputable bdee, Ord bdee)
=> GenStgBinding bndr bdee -> SDoc
pprGenStgBinding (StgNonRec bndr rhs)
= hang (hsep [ppr bndr, equals])
4 ((<>) (ppr rhs) semi)
pprGenStgBinding (StgRec pairs)
= vcat ((ifPprDebug (ptext (sLit "{- StgRec (begin) -}"))) :
(map (ppr_bind) pairs) ++ [(ifPprDebug (ptext (sLit "{- StgRec (end) -}")))])
where
ppr_bind (bndr, expr)
= hang (hsep [ppr bndr, equals])
4 ((<>) (ppr expr) semi)
pprStgBinding :: StgBinding -> SDoc
pprStgBinding bind = pprGenStgBinding bind
pprStgBindings :: [StgBinding] -> SDoc
pprStgBindings binds = vcat (map pprGenStgBinding binds)
pprGenStgBindingWithSRT
:: (Outputable bndr, Outputable bdee, Ord bdee)
=> (GenStgBinding bndr bdee,[(Id,[Id])]) -> SDoc
pprGenStgBindingWithSRT (bind,srts)
= vcat (pprGenStgBinding bind : map pprSRT srts)
where pprSRT (id,srt) =
ptext (sLit "SRT") <> parens (ppr id) <> ptext (sLit ": ") <> ppr srt
pprStgBindingsWithSRTs :: [(StgBinding,[(Id,[Id])])] -> SDoc
pprStgBindingsWithSRTs binds = vcat (map pprGenStgBindingWithSRT binds)
\end{code}
\begin{code}
instance (Outputable bdee) => Outputable (GenStgArg bdee) where
ppr = pprStgArg
instance (Outputable bndr, Outputable bdee, Ord bdee)
=> Outputable (GenStgBinding bndr bdee) where
ppr = pprGenStgBinding
instance (Outputable bndr, Outputable bdee, Ord bdee)
=> Outputable (GenStgExpr bndr bdee) where
ppr = pprStgExpr
instance (Outputable bndr, Outputable bdee, Ord bdee)
=> Outputable (GenStgRhs bndr bdee) where
ppr rhs = pprStgRhs rhs
\end{code}
\begin{code}
pprStgArg :: (Outputable bdee) => GenStgArg bdee -> SDoc
pprStgArg (StgVarArg var) = ppr var
pprStgArg (StgLitArg con) = ppr con
pprStgArg (StgTypeArg ty) = char '@' <+> ppr ty
\end{code}
\begin{code}
pprStgExpr :: (Outputable bndr, Outputable bdee, Ord bdee)
=> GenStgExpr bndr bdee -> SDoc
pprStgExpr (StgLit lit) = ppr lit
pprStgExpr (StgApp func args)
= hang (ppr func)
4 (sep (map (ppr) args))
\end{code}
\begin{code}
pprStgExpr (StgConApp con args)
= hsep [ ppr con, brackets (interppSP args)]
pprStgExpr (StgOpApp op args _)
= hsep [ pprStgOp op, brackets (interppSP args)]
pprStgExpr (StgLam _ bndrs body)
=sep [ char '\\' <+> ppr bndrs <+> ptext (sLit "->"),
pprStgExpr body ]
\end{code}
\begin{code}
pprStgExpr (StgLet bind expr@(StgLet _ _))
= ($$)
(sep [hang (ptext (sLit "let {"))
2 (hsep [pprGenStgBinding bind, ptext (sLit "} in")])])
(ppr expr)
pprStgExpr (StgLet bind expr)
= sep [hang (ptext (sLit "let {")) 2 (pprGenStgBinding bind),
hang (ptext (sLit "} in ")) 2 (ppr expr)]
pprStgExpr (StgLetNoEscape lvs_whole lvs_rhss bind expr)
= sep [hang (ptext (sLit "let-no-escape {"))
2 (pprGenStgBinding bind),
hang ((<>) (ptext (sLit "} in "))
(ifPprDebug (
nest 4 (
hcat [ptext (sLit "-- lvs: ["), interppSP (uniqSetToList lvs_whole),
ptext (sLit "]; rhs lvs: ["), interppSP (uniqSetToList lvs_rhss),
char ']']))))
2 (ppr expr)]
pprStgExpr (StgSCC cc expr)
= sep [ hsep [ptext (sLit "_scc_"), ppr cc],
pprStgExpr expr ]
pprStgExpr (StgTick m n expr)
= sep [ hsep [ptext (sLit "_tick_"), pprModule m,text (show n)],
pprStgExpr expr ]
pprStgExpr (StgCase expr lvs_whole lvs_rhss bndr srt alt_type alts)
= sep [sep [ptext (sLit "case"),
nest 4 (hsep [pprStgExpr expr,
ifPprDebug (dcolon <+> ppr alt_type)]),
ptext (sLit "of"), ppr bndr, char '{'],
ifPprDebug (
nest 4 (
hcat [ptext (sLit "-- lvs: ["), interppSP (uniqSetToList lvs_whole),
ptext (sLit "]; rhs lvs: ["), interppSP (uniqSetToList lvs_rhss),
ptext (sLit "]; "),
pprMaybeSRT srt])),
nest 2 (vcat (map pprStgAlt alts)),
char '}']
pprStgAlt :: (Outputable bndr, Outputable occ, Ord occ)
=> GenStgAlt bndr occ -> SDoc
pprStgAlt (con, params, _use_mask, expr)
= hang (hsep [ppr con, interppSP params, ptext (sLit "->")])
4 (ppr expr <> semi)
pprStgOp :: StgOp -> SDoc
pprStgOp (StgPrimOp op) = ppr op
pprStgOp (StgPrimCallOp op)= ppr op
pprStgOp (StgFCallOp op _) = ppr op
instance Outputable AltType where
ppr PolyAlt = ptext (sLit "Polymorphic")
ppr (UbxTupAlt tc) = ptext (sLit "UbxTup") <+> ppr tc
ppr (AlgAlt tc) = ptext (sLit "Alg") <+> ppr tc
ppr (PrimAlt tc) = ptext (sLit "Prim") <+> ppr tc
\end{code}
\begin{code}
#ifdef DEBUG
pprStgLVs :: Outputable occ => GenStgLiveVars occ -> SDoc
pprStgLVs lvs
= getPprStyle $ \ sty ->
if userStyle sty || isEmptyUniqSet lvs then
empty
else
hcat [text "{-lvs:", interpp'SP (uniqSetToList lvs), text "-}"]
#endif
\end{code}
\begin{code}
pprStgRhs :: (Outputable bndr, Outputable bdee, Ord bdee)
=> GenStgRhs bndr bdee -> SDoc
pprStgRhs (StgRhsClosure cc bi [free_var] upd_flag srt [] (StgApp func []))
= hcat [ ppr cc,
pp_binder_info bi,
brackets (ifPprDebug (ppr free_var)),
ptext (sLit " \\"), ppr upd_flag, pprMaybeSRT srt, ptext (sLit " [] "), ppr func ]
pprStgRhs (StgRhsClosure cc bi free_vars upd_flag srt args body)
= hang (hsep [if opt_SccProfilingOn then ppr cc else empty,
pp_binder_info bi,
ifPprDebug (brackets (interppSP free_vars)),
char '\\' <> ppr upd_flag, pprMaybeSRT srt, brackets (interppSP args)])
4 (ppr body)
pprStgRhs (StgRhsCon cc con args)
= hcat [ ppr cc,
space, ppr con, ptext (sLit "! "), brackets (interppSP args)]
pprMaybeSRT :: SRT -> SDoc
pprMaybeSRT (NoSRT) = empty
pprMaybeSRT srt = ptext (sLit "srt:") <> pprSRT srt
\end{code}