\begin{code}
-- Type definitions for the constraint solver
module TcSMonad ( 

       -- Canonical constraints
    CanonicalCts, emptyCCan, andCCan, andCCans, 
    singleCCan, extendCCans, isEmptyCCan, isCTyEqCan, 
    isCDictCan_Maybe, isCIPCan_Maybe, isCFunEqCan_Maybe, 

    CanonicalCt(..), Xi, tyVarsOfCanonical, tyVarsOfCanonicals, tyVarsOfCDicts, 
    mkWantedConstraints, deCanonicaliseWanted, 
    makeGivens, makeSolvedByInst,

    CtFlavor (..), isWanted, isGiven, isDerived, isDerivedSC, isDerivedByInst, 
    isGivenCt, isWantedCt, pprFlavorArising,

    DerivedOrig (..), 
    canRewrite, canSolve,
    combineCtLoc, mkGivenFlavor, mkWantedFlavor,
    getWantedLoc,

    TcS, runTcS, failTcS, panicTcS, traceTcS, traceTcS0,  -- Basic functionality 
    tryTcS, nestImplicTcS, recoverTcS, wrapErrTcS, wrapWarnTcS,
    SimplContext(..), isInteractive, simplEqsOnly, performDefaulting,
       
       -- Creation of evidence variables

    newWantedCoVar, newGivOrDerCoVar, newGivOrDerEvVar, 
    newIPVar, newDictVar, newKindConstraint,

       -- Setting evidence variables 
    setWantedCoBind, setDerivedCoBind, 
    setIPBind, setDictBind, setEvBind,

    setWantedTyBind,

    newTcEvBindsTcS,
 
    getInstEnvs, getFamInstEnvs,                -- Getting the environments 
    getTopEnv, getGblEnv, getTcEvBinds, getUntouchables,
    getTcEvBindsBag, getTcSContext, getTcSTyBinds, getTcSTyBindsMap, getTcSErrors,
    getTcSErrorsBag, FrozenError (..),
    addErrorTcS,
    ErrorKind(..),

    newFlattenSkolemTy,                         -- Flatten skolems 


    instDFunTypes,                              -- Instantiation
    instDFunConstraints,          
    newFlexiTcSTy, 

    isGoodRecEv,

    compatKind,


    isTouchableMetaTyVar,
    isTouchableMetaTyVar_InRange, 

    getDefaultInfo, getDynFlags,

    matchClass, matchFam, MatchInstResult (..), 
    checkWellStagedDFun, 
    warnTcS,
    pprEq,                                   -- Smaller utils, re-exported from TcM 
                                             -- TODO (DV): these are only really used in the 
                                             -- instance matcher in TcSimplify. I am wondering
                                             -- if the whole instance matcher simply belongs
                                             -- here 


    mkWantedFunDepEqns                       -- Instantiation of 'Equations' from FunDeps

) where 

#include "HsVersions.h"

import HscTypes
import BasicTypes 

import Inst
import InstEnv 
import FamInst 
import FamInstEnv

import NameSet ( addOneToNameSet ) 

import qualified TcRnMonad as TcM
import qualified TcMType as TcM
import qualified TcEnv as TcM 
       ( checkWellStaged, topIdLvl, tcLookupFamInst, tcGetDefaultTys )
import TcType
import Module 
import DynFlags

import Coercion
import Class
import TyCon
import TypeRep 

import Name
import Var
import VarEnv
import Outputable
import Bag
import MonadUtils
import VarSet
import FastString

import HsBinds               -- for TcEvBinds stuff 
import Id 
import FunDeps

import TcRnTypes

import Control.Monad
import Data.IORef
\end{code}


%************************************************************************
%*									*
%*                       Canonical constraints                          *
%*                                                                      *
%*   These are the constraints the low-level simplifier works with      *
%*									*
%************************************************************************

\begin{code}
-- Types without any type functions inside.  However, note that xi
-- types CAN contain unexpanded type synonyms; however, the
-- (transitive) expansions of those type synonyms will not contain any
-- type functions.
type Xi = Type       -- In many comments, "xi" ranges over Xi

type CanonicalCts = Bag CanonicalCt
 
data CanonicalCt
  -- Atomic canonical constraints 
  = CDictCan {  -- e.g.  Num xi
      cc_id     :: EvVar,
      cc_flavor :: CtFlavor, 
      cc_class  :: Class, 
      cc_tyargs :: [Xi]
    }

  | CIPCan {	-- ?x::tau
      -- See note [Canonical implicit parameter constraints].
      cc_id     :: EvVar,
      cc_flavor :: CtFlavor,
      cc_ip_nm  :: IPName Name,
      cc_ip_ty  :: TcTauType
    }

  | CTyEqCan {  -- tv ~ xi	(recall xi means function free)
       -- Invariant: 
       --   * tv not in tvs(xi)   (occurs check)
       --   * If constraint is given then typeKind xi `compatKind` typeKind tv 
       --                See Note [Spontaneous solving and kind compatibility] 
       --   * We prefer unification variables on the left *JUST* for efficiency
      cc_id     :: EvVar, 
      cc_flavor :: CtFlavor, 
      cc_tyvar  :: TcTyVar, 
      cc_rhs    :: Xi
    }

  | CFunEqCan {  -- F xis ~ xi  
                 -- Invariant: * isSynFamilyTyCon cc_fun 
                 --            * If constraint is given then 
                 --                 typeKind (F xis) `compatKind` typeKind xi
      cc_id     :: EvVar,
      cc_flavor :: CtFlavor, 
      cc_fun    :: TyCon,	-- A type function
      cc_tyargs :: [Xi],	-- Either under-saturated or exactly saturated
      cc_rhs    :: Xi      	--    *never* over-saturated (because if so
      		      		--    we should have decomposed)
                   
    }

compatKind :: Kind -> Kind -> Bool 
compatKind k1 k2 = k1 `isSubKind` k2 || k2 `isSubKind` k1 

makeGivens :: CanonicalCts -> CanonicalCts
makeGivens = mapBag (\ct -> ct { cc_flavor = mkGivenFlavor (cc_flavor ct) UnkSkol })
	   -- The UnkSkol doesn't matter because these givens are
	   -- not contradictory (else we'd have rejected them already)

makeSolvedByInst :: CanonicalCt -> CanonicalCt
-- Record that a constraint is now solved
-- 	  Wanted         -> Derived
--	  Given, Derived -> no-op
makeSolvedByInst ct 
  | Wanted loc <- cc_flavor ct = ct { cc_flavor = Derived loc DerInst }
  | otherwise                  = ct

mkWantedConstraints :: CanonicalCts -> Bag Implication -> WantedConstraints
mkWantedConstraints flats implics 
  = mapBag (WcEvVar . deCanonicaliseWanted) flats `unionBags` mapBag WcImplic implics

deCanonicaliseWanted :: CanonicalCt -> WantedEvVar
deCanonicaliseWanted ct 
  = WARN( not (isWanted $ cc_flavor ct), ppr ct ) 
    let Wanted loc = cc_flavor ct 
    in WantedEvVar (cc_id ct) loc

tyVarsOfCanonical :: CanonicalCt -> TcTyVarSet
tyVarsOfCanonical (CTyEqCan { cc_tyvar = tv, cc_rhs = xi })    = extendVarSet (tyVarsOfType xi) tv
tyVarsOfCanonical (CFunEqCan { cc_tyargs = tys, cc_rhs = xi }) = tyVarsOfTypes (xi:tys)
tyVarsOfCanonical (CDictCan { cc_tyargs = tys }) 	       = tyVarsOfTypes tys
tyVarsOfCanonical (CIPCan { cc_ip_ty = ty })     	       = tyVarsOfType ty

tyVarsOfCDict :: CanonicalCt -> TcTyVarSet 
tyVarsOfCDict (CDictCan { cc_tyargs = tys }) = tyVarsOfTypes tys
tyVarsOfCDict _ct                            = emptyVarSet 

tyVarsOfCDicts :: CanonicalCts -> TcTyVarSet 
tyVarsOfCDicts = foldrBag (unionVarSet . tyVarsOfCDict) emptyVarSet

tyVarsOfCanonicals :: CanonicalCts -> TcTyVarSet
tyVarsOfCanonicals = foldrBag (unionVarSet . tyVarsOfCanonical) emptyVarSet

instance Outputable CanonicalCt where
  ppr (CDictCan d fl cls tys)     
      = ppr fl <+> ppr d  <+> dcolon <+> pprClassPred cls tys
  ppr (CIPCan ip fl ip_nm ty)     
      = ppr fl <+> ppr ip <+> dcolon <+> parens (ppr ip_nm <> dcolon <> ppr ty)
  ppr (CTyEqCan co fl tv ty)      
      = ppr fl <+> ppr co <+> dcolon <+> pprEqPred (mkTyVarTy tv, ty)
  ppr (CFunEqCan co fl tc tys ty) 
      = ppr fl <+> ppr co <+> dcolon <+> pprEqPred (mkTyConApp tc tys, ty)
\end{code}

Note [Canonical implicit parameter constraints]
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
The type in a canonical implicit parameter constraint doesn't need to
be a xi (type-function-free type) since we can defer the flattening
until checking this type for equality with another type.  If we
encounter two IP constraints with the same name, they MUST have the
same type, and at that point we can generate a flattened equality
constraint between the types.  (On the other hand, the types in two
class constraints for the same class MAY be equal, so they need to be
flattened in the first place to facilitate comparing them.)

\begin{code}
singleCCan :: CanonicalCt -> CanonicalCts 
singleCCan = unitBag 

andCCan :: CanonicalCts -> CanonicalCts -> CanonicalCts 
andCCan = unionBags

extendCCans :: CanonicalCts -> CanonicalCt -> CanonicalCts 
extendCCans = snocBag 

andCCans :: [CanonicalCts] -> CanonicalCts 
andCCans = unionManyBags

emptyCCan :: CanonicalCts 
emptyCCan = emptyBag

isEmptyCCan :: CanonicalCts -> Bool
isEmptyCCan = isEmptyBag

isCTyEqCan :: CanonicalCt -> Bool 
isCTyEqCan (CTyEqCan {})  = True 
isCTyEqCan (CFunEqCan {}) = False
isCTyEqCan _              = False 

isCDictCan_Maybe :: CanonicalCt -> Maybe Class
isCDictCan_Maybe (CDictCan {cc_class = cls })  = Just cls
isCDictCan_Maybe _              = Nothing

isCIPCan_Maybe :: CanonicalCt -> Maybe (IPName Name)
isCIPCan_Maybe  (CIPCan {cc_ip_nm = nm }) = Just nm
isCIPCan_Maybe _                = Nothing

isCFunEqCan_Maybe :: CanonicalCt -> Maybe TyCon
isCFunEqCan_Maybe (CFunEqCan { cc_fun = tc }) = Just tc
isCFunEqCan_Maybe _ = Nothing

\end{code}

%************************************************************************
%*									*
                    CtFlavor
         The "flavor" of a canonical constraint
%*									*
%************************************************************************

\begin{code}
data CtFlavor 
  = Given   GivenLoc  -- We have evidence for this constraint in TcEvBinds
  | Derived WantedLoc DerivedOrig
                      -- We have evidence for this constraint in TcEvBinds;
                      --   *however* this evidence can contain wanteds, so 
                      --   it's valid only provisionally to the solution of
                      --   these wanteds 
  | Wanted WantedLoc  -- We have no evidence bindings for this constraint. 

data DerivedOrig = DerSC | DerInst 
-- Deriveds are either superclasses of other wanteds or deriveds, or partially 
-- solved wanteds from instances. 

instance Outputable CtFlavor where 
  ppr (Given _)    = ptext (sLit "[Given]")
  ppr (Wanted _)   = ptext (sLit "[Wanted]")
  ppr (Derived {}) = ptext (sLit "[Derived]") 

isWanted :: CtFlavor -> Bool 
isWanted (Wanted {}) = True
isWanted _           = False

isGiven :: CtFlavor -> Bool 
isGiven (Given {}) = True 
isGiven _          = False 

isDerived :: CtFlavor -> Bool 
isDerived (Derived {}) = True
isDerived _            = False

isDerivedSC :: CtFlavor -> Bool 
isDerivedSC (Derived _ DerSC) = True 
isDerivedSC _                 = False 

isDerivedByInst :: CtFlavor -> Bool 
isDerivedByInst (Derived _ DerInst) = True 
isDerivedByInst _                   = False 

pprFlavorArising :: CtFlavor -> SDoc
pprFlavorArising (Derived wl _) = pprArisingAt wl
pprFlavorArising (Wanted  wl)   = pprArisingAt wl
pprFlavorArising (Given gl)     = pprArisingAt gl

getWantedLoc :: CanonicalCt -> WantedLoc
getWantedLoc ct 
  = ASSERT (isWanted (cc_flavor ct))
    case cc_flavor ct of 
      Wanted wl -> wl 
      _         -> pprPanic "Can't get WantedLoc of non-wanted constraint!" empty


isWantedCt :: CanonicalCt -> Bool 
isWantedCt ct = isWanted (cc_flavor ct)
isGivenCt :: CanonicalCt -> Bool 
isGivenCt ct = isGiven (cc_flavor ct) 

canSolve :: CtFlavor -> CtFlavor -> Bool 
-- canSolve ctid1 ctid2 
-- The constraint ctid1 can be used to solve ctid2 
-- "to solve" means a reaction where the active parts of the two constraints match.
--  active(F xis ~ xi) = F xis 
--  active(tv ~ xi)    = tv 
--  active(D xis)      = D xis 
--  active(IP nm ty)   = nm 
-----------------------------------------
canSolve (Given {})   _            = True 
canSolve (Derived {}) (Wanted {})  = True 
canSolve (Derived {}) (Derived {}) = True 
canSolve (Wanted {})  (Wanted {})  = True
canSolve _ _ = False

canRewrite :: CtFlavor -> CtFlavor -> Bool 
-- canRewrite ctid1 ctid2 
-- The *equality_constraint* ctid1 can be used to rewrite inside ctid2 
canRewrite = canSolve 

combineCtLoc :: CtFlavor -> CtFlavor -> WantedLoc
-- Precondition: At least one of them should be wanted 
combineCtLoc (Wanted loc) _    = loc 
combineCtLoc _ (Wanted loc)    = loc 
combineCtLoc (Derived loc _) _ = loc 
combineCtLoc _ (Derived loc _) = loc 
combineCtLoc _ _ = panic "combineCtLoc: both given"

mkGivenFlavor :: CtFlavor -> SkolemInfo -> CtFlavor
mkGivenFlavor (Wanted  loc)   sk = Given (setCtLocOrigin loc sk)
mkGivenFlavor (Derived loc _) sk = Given (setCtLocOrigin loc sk)
mkGivenFlavor (Given   loc)   sk = Given (setCtLocOrigin loc sk)

mkWantedFlavor :: CtFlavor -> CtFlavor
mkWantedFlavor (Wanted  loc)   = Wanted loc
mkWantedFlavor (Derived loc _) = Wanted loc
mkWantedFlavor fl@(Given {})   = pprPanic "mkWantedFlavour" (ppr fl)
\end{code}


%************************************************************************
%*									*
%*		The TcS solver monad                                    *
%*									*
%************************************************************************

Note [The TcS monad]
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
The TcS monad is a weak form of the main Tc monad

All you can do is
    * fail
    * allocate new variables
    * fill in evidence variables

Filling in a dictionary evidence variable means to create a binding
for it, so TcS carries a mutable location where the binding can be
added.  This is initialised from the innermost implication constraint.

\begin{code}
data TcSEnv
  = TcSEnv { 
      tcs_ev_binds :: EvBindsVar,
          -- Evidence bindings

      tcs_ty_binds :: IORef (TyVarEnv (TcTyVar, TcType)),
          -- Global type bindings

      tcs_context :: SimplContext,
                     
      tcs_errors :: IORef (Bag FrozenError), 
          -- Frozen errors that we defer reporting as much as possible, in order to
          -- make them as informative as possible. See Note [Frozen Errors]

      tcs_untch :: Untouchables
    }

data FrozenError
  = FrozenError ErrorKind CtFlavor TcType TcType 

data ErrorKind
  = MisMatchError | OccCheckError | KindError

instance Outputable FrozenError where 
  ppr (FrozenError _frknd fl ty1 ty2) = ppr fl <+> pprEq ty1 ty2 <+> text "(frozen)"

\end{code}

Note [Frozen Errors] 
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Some of the errors that we get during canonicalization are best reported when all constraints
have been simplified as much as possible. For instance, assume that during simplification
the following constraints arise: 
   
 [Wanted]   F alpha ~  uf1 
 [Wanted]   beta ~ uf1 beta 

When canonicalizing the wanted (beta ~ uf1 beta), if we eagerly fail we will simply 
see a message: 
    'Can't construct the infinite type  beta ~ uf1 beta' 
and the user has no idea what the uf1 variable is.

Instead our plan is that we will NOT fail immediately, but:
    (1) Record the "frozen" error in the tcs_errors field 
    (2) Isolate the offending constraint from the rest of the inerts 
    (3) Keep on simplifying/canonicalizing

At the end, we will hopefully have substituted uf1 := F alpha, and we will be able to 
report a more informative error: 
    'Can't construct the infinite type beta ~ F alpha beta'
\begin{code}

data SimplContext
  = SimplInfer		-- Inferring type of a let-bound thing
  | SimplRuleLhs	-- Inferring type of a RULE lhs
  | SimplInteractive	-- Inferring type at GHCi prompt
  | SimplCheck		-- Checking a type signature or RULE rhs

instance Outputable SimplContext where
  ppr SimplInfer       = ptext (sLit "SimplInfer")
  ppr SimplRuleLhs     = ptext (sLit "SimplRuleLhs")
  ppr SimplInteractive = ptext (sLit "SimplInteractive")
  ppr SimplCheck       = ptext (sLit "SimplCheck")

isInteractive :: SimplContext -> Bool
isInteractive SimplInteractive = True
isInteractive _                = False

simplEqsOnly :: SimplContext -> Bool
-- Simplify equalities only, not dictionaries
-- This is used for the LHS of rules; ee
-- Note [Simplifying RULE lhs constraints] in TcSimplify
simplEqsOnly SimplRuleLhs = True
simplEqsOnly _            = False

performDefaulting :: SimplContext -> Bool
performDefaulting SimplInfer   	   = False
performDefaulting SimplRuleLhs 	   = False
performDefaulting SimplInteractive = True
performDefaulting SimplCheck       = True

---------------
newtype TcS a = TcS { unTcS :: TcSEnv -> TcM a } 

instance Functor TcS where
  fmap f m = TcS $ fmap f . unTcS m

instance Monad TcS where 
  return x  = TcS (\_ -> return x) 
  fail err  = TcS (\_ -> fail err) 
  m >>= k   = TcS (\ebs -> unTcS m ebs >>= \r -> unTcS (k r) ebs)

-- Basic functionality 
-- ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
wrapTcS :: TcM a -> TcS a 
-- Do not export wrapTcS, because it promotes an arbitrary TcM to TcS,
-- and TcS is supposed to have limited functionality
wrapTcS = TcS . const -- a TcM action will not use the TcEvBinds

wrapErrTcS :: TcM a -> TcS a 
-- The thing wrapped should just fail
-- There's no static check; it's up to the user
-- Having a variant for each error message is too painful
wrapErrTcS = wrapTcS

wrapWarnTcS :: TcM a -> TcS a 
-- The thing wrapped should just add a warning, or no-op
-- There's no static check; it's up to the user
wrapWarnTcS = wrapTcS

failTcS, panicTcS :: SDoc -> TcS a
failTcS      = wrapTcS . TcM.failWith
panicTcS doc = pprPanic "TcCanonical" doc

traceTcS :: String -> SDoc -> TcS ()
traceTcS herald doc = TcS $ \_env -> TcM.traceTc herald doc

traceTcS0 :: String -> SDoc -> TcS ()
traceTcS0 herald doc = TcS $ \_env -> TcM.traceTcN 0 herald doc

runTcS :: SimplContext
       -> Untouchables 	       -- Untouchables
       -> TcS a		       -- What to run
       -> TcM (a, Bag FrozenError, Bag EvBind)
runTcS context untouch tcs 
  = do { ty_binds_var <- TcM.newTcRef emptyVarEnv
       ; ev_binds_var@(EvBindsVar evb_ref _) <- TcM.newTcEvBinds
       ; err_ref <- TcM.newTcRef emptyBag
       ; let env = TcSEnv { tcs_ev_binds = ev_binds_var
                          , tcs_ty_binds = ty_binds_var
                          , tcs_context  = context
                          , tcs_untch    = untouch 
                          , tcs_errors   = err_ref
                          }

	     -- Run the computation
       ; res <- unTcS tcs env
	     -- Perform the type unifications required
       ; ty_binds <- TcM.readTcRef ty_binds_var
       ; mapM_ do_unification (varEnvElts ty_binds)

             -- And return
       ; frozen_errors <- TcM.readTcRef err_ref
       ; ev_binds      <- TcM.readTcRef evb_ref
       ; return (res, frozen_errors, evBindMapBinds ev_binds) }
  where
    do_unification (tv,ty) = TcM.writeMetaTyVar tv ty

nestImplicTcS :: EvBindsVar -> Untouchables -> TcS a -> TcS a 
nestImplicTcS ref untch (TcS thing_inside)
  = TcS $ \ TcSEnv { tcs_ty_binds = ty_binds, tcs_context = ctxt, tcs_errors = err_ref } -> 
    let 
       nest_env = TcSEnv { tcs_ev_binds = ref
                         , tcs_ty_binds = ty_binds
                         , tcs_untch    = untch
                         , tcs_context  = ctxtUnderImplic ctxt 
                         , tcs_errors   = err_ref }
    in 
    thing_inside nest_env

recoverTcS :: TcS a -> TcS a -> TcS a
recoverTcS (TcS recovery_code) (TcS thing_inside)
  = TcS $ \ env ->
    TcM.recoverM (recovery_code env) (thing_inside env)

ctxtUnderImplic :: SimplContext -> SimplContext
-- See Note [Simplifying RULE lhs constraints] in TcSimplify
ctxtUnderImplic SimplRuleLhs = SimplCheck
ctxtUnderImplic ctxt         = ctxt

tryTcS :: TcS a -> TcS a
-- Like runTcS, but from within the TcS monad 
-- Ignore all the evidence generated, and do not affect caller's evidence!
tryTcS tcs 
  = TcS (\env -> do { ty_binds_var <- TcM.newTcRef emptyVarEnv
                    ; ev_binds_var <- TcM.newTcEvBinds
                    ; err_ref      <- TcM.newTcRef emptyBag
                    ; let env1 = env { tcs_ev_binds = ev_binds_var
                                     , tcs_ty_binds = ty_binds_var 
                                     , tcs_errors   = err_ref }
                    ; unTcS tcs env1 })

-- Update TcEvBinds 
-- ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

getDynFlags :: TcS DynFlags
getDynFlags = wrapTcS TcM.getDOpts

getTcSContext :: TcS SimplContext
getTcSContext = TcS (return . tcs_context)

getTcEvBinds :: TcS EvBindsVar
getTcEvBinds = TcS (return . tcs_ev_binds) 

getUntouchables :: TcS Untouchables 
getUntouchables = TcS (return . tcs_untch)

getTcSTyBinds :: TcS (IORef (TyVarEnv (TcTyVar, TcType)))
getTcSTyBinds = TcS (return . tcs_ty_binds)

getTcSErrors :: TcS (IORef (Bag FrozenError))
getTcSErrors = TcS (return . tcs_errors)

getTcSErrorsBag :: TcS (Bag FrozenError) 
getTcSErrorsBag = do { err_ref <- getTcSErrors 
                     ; wrapTcS $ TcM.readTcRef err_ref }

getTcSTyBindsMap :: TcS (TyVarEnv (TcTyVar, TcType)) 
getTcSTyBindsMap = getTcSTyBinds >>= wrapTcS . (TcM.readTcRef) 


getTcEvBindsBag :: TcS EvBindMap
getTcEvBindsBag
  = do { EvBindsVar ev_ref _ <- getTcEvBinds 
       ; wrapTcS $ TcM.readTcRef ev_ref }

setWantedCoBind :: CoVar -> Coercion -> TcS () 
setWantedCoBind cv co 
  = setEvBind cv (EvCoercion co)
     -- Was: wrapTcS $ TcM.writeWantedCoVar cv co 

setDerivedCoBind :: CoVar -> Coercion -> TcS () 
setDerivedCoBind cv co 
  = setEvBind cv (EvCoercion co)

setWantedTyBind :: TcTyVar -> TcType -> TcS () 
-- Add a type binding
-- We never do this twice!
setWantedTyBind tv ty 
  = do { ref <- getTcSTyBinds
       ; wrapTcS $ 
         do { ty_binds <- TcM.readTcRef ref
#ifdef DEBUG
            ; TcM.checkErr (not (tv `elemVarEnv` ty_binds)) $
              vcat [ text "TERRIBLE ERROR: double set of meta type variable"
                   , ppr tv <+> text ":=" <+> ppr ty
                   , text "Old value =" <+> ppr (lookupVarEnv_NF ty_binds tv)]
#endif
            ; TcM.writeTcRef ref (extendVarEnv ty_binds tv (tv,ty)) } }

setIPBind :: EvVar -> EvTerm -> TcS () 
setIPBind = setEvBind 

setDictBind :: EvVar -> EvTerm -> TcS () 
setDictBind = setEvBind 

setEvBind :: EvVar -> EvTerm -> TcS () 
-- Internal
setEvBind ev rhs 
  = do { tc_evbinds <- getTcEvBinds 
       ; wrapTcS (TcM.addTcEvBind tc_evbinds ev rhs) }

newTcEvBindsTcS :: TcS EvBindsVar
newTcEvBindsTcS = wrapTcS (TcM.newTcEvBinds)

warnTcS :: CtLoc orig -> Bool -> SDoc -> TcS ()
warnTcS loc warn_if doc 
  | warn_if   = wrapTcS $ TcM.setCtLoc loc $ TcM.addWarnTc doc
  | otherwise = return ()

getDefaultInfo ::  TcS (SimplContext, [Type], (Bool, Bool))
getDefaultInfo 
  = do { ctxt <- getTcSContext
       ; (tys, flags) <- wrapTcS (TcM.tcGetDefaultTys (isInteractive ctxt))
       ; return (ctxt, tys, flags) }



-- Recording errors in the TcS monad
-- ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

addErrorTcS :: ErrorKind -> CtFlavor -> TcType -> TcType -> TcS ()
addErrorTcS frknd fl ty1 ty2
  = do { err_ref <- getTcSErrors
       ; wrapTcS $ do
       { TcM.updTcRef err_ref $ \ errs ->
           consBag (FrozenError frknd fl ty1 ty2) errs

           -- If there's an error in the *given* constraints,
           -- stop right now, to avoid a cascade of errors
           -- in the wanteds
       ; when (isGiven fl) TcM.failM

       ; return () } }

-- Just get some environments needed for instance looking up and matching
-- ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

getInstEnvs :: TcS (InstEnv, InstEnv) 
getInstEnvs = wrapTcS $ Inst.tcGetInstEnvs 

getFamInstEnvs :: TcS (FamInstEnv, FamInstEnv) 
getFamInstEnvs = wrapTcS $ FamInst.tcGetFamInstEnvs

getTopEnv :: TcS HscEnv 
getTopEnv = wrapTcS $ TcM.getTopEnv 

getGblEnv :: TcS TcGblEnv 
getGblEnv = wrapTcS $ TcM.getGblEnv 

-- Various smaller utilities [TODO, maybe will be absorbed in the instance matcher]
-- ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

checkWellStagedDFun :: PredType -> DFunId -> WantedLoc -> TcS () 
checkWellStagedDFun pred dfun_id loc 
  = wrapTcS $ TcM.setCtLoc loc $ 
    do { use_stage <- TcM.getStage
       ; TcM.checkWellStaged pp_thing bind_lvl (thLevel use_stage) }
  where
    pp_thing = ptext (sLit "instance for") <+> quotes (ppr pred)
    bind_lvl = TcM.topIdLvl dfun_id

pprEq :: TcType -> TcType -> SDoc
pprEq ty1 ty2 = pprPred $ mkEqPred (ty1,ty2)

isTouchableMetaTyVar :: TcTyVar -> TcS Bool
isTouchableMetaTyVar tv 
  = do { untch <- getUntouchables
       ; return $ isTouchableMetaTyVar_InRange untch tv } 

isTouchableMetaTyVar_InRange :: Untouchables -> TcTyVar -> Bool 
isTouchableMetaTyVar_InRange untch tv 
  = case tcTyVarDetails tv of 
      MetaTv TcsTv _ -> True    -- See Note [Touchable meta type variables] 
      MetaTv {}      -> inTouchableRange untch tv 
      _              -> False 


\end{code}


Note [Touchable meta type variables]
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Meta type variables allocated *by the constraint solver itself* are always
touchable.  Example: 
   instance C a b => D [a] where...
if we use this instance declaration we "make up" a fresh meta type
variable for 'b', which we must later guess.  (Perhaps C has a
functional dependency.)  But since we aren't in the constraint *generator*
we can't allocate a Unique in the touchable range for this implication
constraint.  Instead, we mark it as a "TcsTv", which makes it always-touchable.


\begin{code}
-- Flatten skolems
-- ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

newFlattenSkolemTy :: TcType -> TcS TcType
newFlattenSkolemTy ty = mkTyVarTy <$> newFlattenSkolemTyVar ty

newFlattenSkolemTyVar :: TcType -> TcS TcTyVar
newFlattenSkolemTyVar ty
  = do { tv <- wrapTcS $ do { uniq <- TcM.newUnique
                            ; let name = mkSysTvName uniq (fsLit "f")
                            ; return $ mkTcTyVar name (typeKind ty) (FlatSkol ty) } 
       ; traceTcS "New Flatten Skolem Born" $ 
           (ppr tv <+> text "[:= " <+> ppr ty <+> text "]")
       ; return tv }

-- Instantiations 
-- ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

instDFunTypes :: [Either TyVar TcType] -> TcS [TcType] 
instDFunTypes mb_inst_tys 
  = mapM inst_tv mb_inst_tys
  where
    inst_tv :: Either TyVar TcType -> TcS Type
    inst_tv (Left tv)  = mkTyVarTy <$> instFlexiTcS tv
    inst_tv (Right ty) = return ty 

instDFunConstraints :: TcThetaType -> TcS [EvVar] 
instDFunConstraints preds = wrapTcS $ TcM.newWantedEvVars preds 


instFlexiTcS :: TyVar -> TcS TcTyVar 
-- Like TcM.instMetaTyVar but the variable that is created is always
-- touchable; we are supposed to guess its instantiation. 
-- See Note [Touchable meta type variables] 
instFlexiTcS tv = instFlexiTcSHelper (tyVarName tv) (tyVarKind tv) 

newFlexiTcSTy :: Kind -> TcS TcType  
newFlexiTcSTy knd 
  = wrapTcS $
    do { uniq <- TcM.newUnique 
       ; ref  <- TcM.newMutVar  Flexi 
       ; let name = mkSysTvName uniq (fsLit "uf")
       ; return $ mkTyVarTy (mkTcTyVar name knd (MetaTv TcsTv ref)) }

newKindConstraint :: TcTyVar -> Kind -> TcS CoVar
-- Create new wanted CoVar that constrains the type to have the specified kind. 
newKindConstraint tv knd 
  = do { tv_k <- instFlexiTcSHelper (tyVarName tv) knd 
       ; let ty_k = mkTyVarTy tv_k
       ; co_var <- newWantedCoVar (mkTyVarTy tv) ty_k
       ; return co_var }

instFlexiTcSHelper :: Name -> Kind -> TcS TcTyVar
instFlexiTcSHelper tvname tvkind
  = wrapTcS $ 
    do { uniq <- TcM.newUnique 
       ; ref  <- TcM.newMutVar  Flexi 
       ; let name = setNameUnique tvname uniq 
             kind = tvkind 
       ; return (mkTcTyVar name kind (MetaTv TcsTv ref)) }

-- Superclasses and recursive dictionaries 
-- ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

newGivOrDerEvVar :: TcPredType -> EvTerm -> TcS EvVar 
newGivOrDerEvVar pty evtrm 
  = do { ev <- wrapTcS $ TcM.newEvVar pty 
       ; setEvBind ev evtrm 
       ; return ev }

newGivOrDerCoVar :: TcType -> TcType -> Coercion -> TcS EvVar 
-- Note we create immutable variables for given or derived, since we
-- must bind them to TcEvBinds (because their evidence may involve 
-- superclasses). However we should be able to override existing
-- 'derived' evidence, even in TcEvBinds 
newGivOrDerCoVar ty1 ty2 co 
  = do { cv <- newCoVar ty1 ty2
       ; setEvBind cv (EvCoercion co) 
       ; return cv } 

newWantedCoVar :: TcType -> TcType -> TcS EvVar 
newWantedCoVar ty1 ty2 =  wrapTcS $ TcM.newWantedCoVar ty1 ty2 


newCoVar :: TcType -> TcType -> TcS EvVar 
newCoVar ty1 ty2 = wrapTcS $ TcM.newCoVar ty1 ty2 

newIPVar :: IPName Name -> TcType -> TcS EvVar 
newIPVar nm ty = wrapTcS $ TcM.newIP nm ty 

newDictVar :: Class -> [TcType] -> TcS EvVar 
newDictVar cl tys = wrapTcS $ TcM.newDict cl tys 
\end{code} 


\begin{code} 
isGoodRecEv :: EvVar -> WantedEvVar -> TcS Bool 
-- In a call (isGoodRecEv ev wv), we are considering solving wv 
-- using some term that involves ev, such as:
-- by setting		wv = ev
-- or                   wv = EvCast x |> ev
-- etc. 
-- But that would be Very Bad if the evidence for 'ev' mentions 'wv',
-- in an "unguarded" way. So isGoodRecEv looks at the evidence ev 
-- recursively through the evidence binds, to see if uses of 'wv' are guarded.
--
-- Guarded means: more instance calls than superclass selections. We
-- compute this by chasing the evidence, adding +1 for every instance
-- call (constructor) and -1 for every superclass selection (destructor).
--
-- See Note [Superclasses and recursive dictionaries] in TcInteract
isGoodRecEv ev_var (WantedEvVar wv _)
  = do { tc_evbinds <- getTcEvBindsBag 
       ; mb <- chase_ev_var tc_evbinds wv 0 [] ev_var 
       ; return $ case mb of 
                    Nothing -> True 
                    Just min_guardedness -> min_guardedness > 0
       }

  where chase_ev_var :: EvBindMap   -- Evidence binds 
                 -> EvVar           -- Target variable whose gravity we want to return
                 -> Int             -- Current gravity 
                 -> [EvVar]         -- Visited nodes
                 -> EvVar           -- Current node 
                 -> TcS (Maybe Int)
        chase_ev_var assocs trg curr_grav visited orig
            | trg == orig         = return $ Just curr_grav
            | orig `elem` visited = return $ Nothing 
            | Just (EvBind _ ev_trm) <- lookupEvBind assocs orig
            = chase_ev assocs trg curr_grav (orig:visited) ev_trm

{-  No longer needed: evidence is in the EvBinds
            | isTcTyVar orig && isMetaTyVar orig 
            = do { meta_details <- wrapTcS $ TcM.readWantedCoVar orig
                 ; case meta_details of 
                     Flexi -> return Nothing 
                     Indirect tyco -> chase_ev assocs trg curr_grav 
                                             (orig:visited) (EvCoercion tyco)
                           }
-}
            | otherwise = return Nothing 

        chase_ev assocs trg curr_grav visited (EvId v) 
            = chase_ev_var assocs trg curr_grav visited v
        chase_ev assocs trg curr_grav visited (EvSuperClass d_id _) 
            = chase_ev_var assocs trg (curr_grav-1) visited d_id
        chase_ev assocs trg curr_grav visited (EvCast v co)
            = do { m1 <- chase_ev_var assocs trg curr_grav visited v
                 ; m2 <- chase_co assocs trg curr_grav visited co
                 ; return (comb_chase_res Nothing [m1,m2]) } 

        chase_ev assocs trg curr_grav visited (EvCoercion co)
            = chase_co assocs trg curr_grav visited co
        chase_ev assocs trg curr_grav visited (EvDFunApp _ _ ev_vars) 
            = do { chase_results <- mapM (chase_ev_var assocs trg (curr_grav+1) visited) ev_vars
                 ; return (comb_chase_res Nothing chase_results) } 

        chase_co assocs trg curr_grav visited co 
            = -- Look for all the coercion variables in the coercion 
              -- chase them, and combine the results. This is OK since the
              -- coercion will not contain any superclass terms -- anything 
              -- that involves dictionaries will be bound in assocs. 
              let co_vars       = foldVarSet (\v vrs -> if isCoVar v then (v:vrs) else vrs) []
                                             (tyVarsOfType co)
              in do { chase_results <- mapM (chase_ev_var assocs trg curr_grav visited) co_vars
                    ; return (comb_chase_res Nothing chase_results) } 

        comb_chase_res f []                   = f 
        comb_chase_res f (Nothing:rest)       = comb_chase_res f rest 
        comb_chase_res Nothing (Just n:rest)  = comb_chase_res (Just n) rest
        comb_chase_res (Just m) (Just n:rest) = comb_chase_res (Just (min n m)) rest 


-- Matching and looking up classes and family instances
-- ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

data MatchInstResult mi
  = MatchInstNo         -- No matching instance 
  | MatchInstSingle mi  -- Single matching instance
  | MatchInstMany       -- Multiple matching instances


matchClass :: Class -> [Type] -> TcS (MatchInstResult (DFunId, [Either TyVar TcType])) 
-- Look up a class constraint in the instance environment
matchClass clas tys
  = do	{ let pred = mkClassPred clas tys 
        ; instEnvs <- getInstEnvs
	; case lookupInstEnv instEnvs clas tys of {
            ([], unifs)               -- Nothing matches  
                -> do { traceTcS "matchClass not matching"
                                 (vcat [ text "dict" <+> ppr pred, 
                                         text "unifs" <+> ppr unifs ]) 
                      ; return MatchInstNo  
                      } ;  
	    ([(ispec, inst_tys)], []) -- A single match 
		-> do	{ let dfun_id = is_dfun ispec
			; traceTcS "matchClass success"
				   (vcat [text "dict" <+> ppr pred, 
				          text "witness" <+> ppr dfun_id
					   <+> ppr (idType dfun_id) ])
				  -- Record that this dfun is needed
			; record_dfun_usage dfun_id
			; return $ MatchInstSingle (dfun_id, inst_tys) 
                        } ;
     	    (matches, unifs)          -- More than one matches 
		-> do	{ traceTcS "matchClass multiple matches, deferring choice"
			           (vcat [text "dict" <+> ppr pred,
				   	  text "matches" <+> ppr matches,
				   	  text "unifs" <+> ppr unifs])
                        ; return MatchInstMany 
		        }
	}
        }
  where record_dfun_usage :: Id -> TcS () 
        record_dfun_usage dfun_id 
          = do { hsc_env <- getTopEnv 
               ; let  dfun_name = idName dfun_id
        	      dfun_mod  = ASSERT( isExternalName dfun_name ) 
        	         	  nameModule dfun_name
               ; if isInternalName dfun_name ||    -- Internal name => defined in this module
        	    modulePackageId dfun_mod /= thisPackage (hsc_dflags hsc_env)
        	 then return () -- internal, or in another package
        	 else do updInstUses dfun_id 
               }

        updInstUses :: Id -> TcS () 
        updInstUses dfun_id 
            = do { tcg_env <- getGblEnv 
                 ; wrapTcS $ TcM.updMutVar (tcg_inst_uses tcg_env) 
                                            (`addOneToNameSet` idName dfun_id) 
                 }

matchFam :: TyCon 
         -> [Type] 
         -> TcS (MatchInstResult (TyCon, [Type]))
matchFam tycon args
  = do { mb <- wrapTcS $ TcM.tcLookupFamInst tycon args
       ; case mb of 
           Nothing  -> return MatchInstNo 
           Just res -> return $ MatchInstSingle res
       -- DV: We never return MatchInstMany, since tcLookupFamInst never returns 
       -- multiple matches. Check. 
       }


-- Functional dependencies, instantiation of equations
-------------------------------------------------------

mkWantedFunDepEqns :: WantedLoc
                   -> [(Equation, (PredType, SDoc), (PredType, SDoc))]
                   -> TcS [WantedEvVar] 
mkWantedFunDepEqns _   [] = return []
mkWantedFunDepEqns loc eqns
  = do { traceTcS "Improve:" (vcat (map pprEquationDoc eqns))
       ; wevvars <- mapM to_work_item eqns
       ; return $ concat wevvars }
  where
    to_work_item :: (Equation, (PredType,SDoc), (PredType,SDoc)) -> TcS [WantedEvVar]
    to_work_item ((qtvs, pairs), d1, d2)
      = do { let tvs = varSetElems qtvs
           ; tvs' <- mapM instFlexiTcS tvs
           ; let subst = zipTopTvSubst tvs (mkTyVarTys tvs')
                 loc'  = pushErrCtxt FunDepOrigin (False, mkEqnMsg d1 d2) loc
           ; mapM (do_one subst loc') pairs }

    do_one subst loc' (ty1, ty2)
       = do { let sty1 = substTy subst ty1
                  sty2 = substTy subst ty2
            ; ev <- newWantedCoVar sty1 sty2
            ; return (WantedEvVar ev loc') }

pprEquationDoc :: (Equation, (PredType, SDoc), (PredType, SDoc)) -> SDoc
pprEquationDoc (eqn, (p1, _), (p2, _)) 
  = vcat [pprEquation eqn, nest 2 (ppr p1), nest 2 (ppr p2)]

mkEqnMsg :: (TcPredType, SDoc) -> (TcPredType, SDoc) -> TidyEnv
         -> TcM (TidyEnv, SDoc)
mkEqnMsg (pred1,from1) (pred2,from2) tidy_env
  = do  { pred1' <- TcM.zonkTcPredType pred1
        ; pred2' <- TcM.zonkTcPredType pred2
	; let { pred1'' = tidyPred tidy_env pred1'
              ; pred2'' = tidyPred tidy_env pred2' }
	; let msg = vcat [ptext (sLit "When using functional dependencies to combine"),
			  nest 2 (sep [ppr pred1'' <> comma, nest 2 from1]), 
			  nest 2 (sep [ppr pred2'' <> comma, nest 2 from2])]
	; return (tidy_env, msg) }
\end{code}