{- (c) The University of Glasgow 2006 (c) The AQUA Project, Glasgow University, 1998 This module contains definitions for the IdInfo for things that have a standard form, namely: - data constructors - record selectors - method and superclass selectors - primitive operations -} {-# LANGUAGE CPP #-} module MkId ( mkDictFunId, mkDictFunTy, mkDictSelId, mkDictSelRhs, mkPrimOpId, mkFCallId, wrapNewTypeBody, unwrapNewTypeBody, wrapFamInstBody, unwrapFamInstScrut, wrapTypeFamInstBody, wrapTypeUnbranchedFamInstBody, unwrapTypeFamInstScrut, unwrapTypeUnbranchedFamInstScrut, DataConBoxer(..), mkDataConRep, mkDataConWorkId, -- And some particular Ids; see below for why they are wired in wiredInIds, ghcPrimIds, unsafeCoerceName, unsafeCoerceId, realWorldPrimId, voidPrimId, voidArgId, nullAddrId, seqId, lazyId, lazyIdKey, coercionTokenId, magicDictId, coerceId, proxyHashId, -- Re-export error Ids module PrelRules ) where #include "HsVersions.h" import Rules import TysPrim import TysWiredIn import PrelRules import Type import FamInstEnv import Coercion import TcType import MkCore import CoreUtils ( exprType, mkCast ) import CoreUnfold import Literal import TyCon import CoAxiom import Class import NameSet import VarSet import Name import PrimOp import ForeignCall import DataCon import Id import IdInfo import Demand import CoreSyn import Unique import UniqSupply import PrelNames import BasicTypes hiding ( SuccessFlag(..) ) import Util import Pair import DynFlags import Outputable import FastString import ListSetOps import Data.Maybe ( maybeToList ) {- ************************************************************************ * * \subsection{Wired in Ids} * * ************************************************************************ Note [Wired-in Ids] ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ There are several reasons why an Id might appear in the wiredInIds: (1) The ghcPrimIds are wired in because they can't be defined in Haskell at all, although the can be defined in Core. They have compulsory unfoldings, so they are always inlined and they have no definition site. Their home module is GHC.Prim, so they also have a description in primops.txt.pp, where they are called 'pseudoops'. (2) The 'error' function, eRROR_ID, is wired in because we don't yet have a way to express in an interface file that the result type variable is 'open'; that is can be unified with an unboxed type [The interface file format now carry such information, but there's no way yet of expressing at the definition site for these error-reporting functions that they have an 'open' result type. -- sof 1/99] (3) Other error functions (rUNTIME_ERROR_ID) are wired in (a) because the desugarer generates code that mentiones them directly, and (b) for the same reason as eRROR_ID (4) lazyId is wired in because the wired-in version overrides the strictness of the version defined in GHC.Base In cases (2-4), the function has a definition in a library module, and can be called; but the wired-in version means that the details are never read from that module's interface file; instead, the full definition is right here. -} wiredInIds :: [Id] wiredInIds = [lazyId, dollarId, oneShotId] ++ errorIds -- Defined in MkCore ++ ghcPrimIds -- These Ids are exported from GHC.Prim ghcPrimIds :: [Id] ghcPrimIds = [ -- These can't be defined in Haskell, but they have -- perfectly reasonable unfoldings in Core realWorldPrimId, voidPrimId, unsafeCoerceId, nullAddrId, seqId, magicDictId, coerceId, proxyHashId ] {- ************************************************************************ * * \subsection{Data constructors} * * ************************************************************************ The wrapper for a constructor is an ordinary top-level binding that evaluates any strict args, unboxes any args that are going to be flattened, and calls the worker. We're going to build a constructor that looks like: data (Data a, C b) => T a b = T1 !a !Int b T1 = /\ a b -> \d1::Data a, d2::C b -> \p q r -> case p of { p -> case q of { q -> Con T1 [a,b] [p,q,r]}} Notice that * d2 is thrown away --- a context in a data decl is used to make sure one *could* construct dictionaries at the site the constructor is used, but the dictionary isn't actually used. * We have to check that we can construct Data dictionaries for the types a and Int. Once we've done that we can throw d1 away too. * We use (case p of q -> ...) to evaluate p, rather than "seq" because all that matters is that the arguments are evaluated. "seq" is very careful to preserve evaluation order, which we don't need to be here. You might think that we could simply give constructors some strictness info, like PrimOps, and let CoreToStg do the let-to-case transformation. But we don't do that because in the case of primops and functions strictness is a *property* not a *requirement*. In the case of constructors we need to do something active to evaluate the argument. Making an explicit case expression allows the simplifier to eliminate it in the (common) case where the constructor arg is already evaluated. Note [Wrappers for data instance tycons] ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ In the case of data instances, the wrapper also applies the coercion turning the representation type into the family instance type to cast the result of the wrapper. For example, consider the declarations data family Map k :: * -> * data instance Map (a, b) v = MapPair (Map a (Pair b v)) The tycon to which the datacon MapPair belongs gets a unique internal name of the form :R123Map, and we call it the representation tycon. In contrast, Map is the family tycon (accessible via tyConFamInst_maybe). A coercion allows you to move between representation and family type. It is accessible from :R123Map via tyConFamilyCoercion_maybe and has kind Co123Map a b v :: {Map (a, b) v ~ :R123Map a b v} The wrapper and worker of MapPair get the types -- Wrapper $WMapPair :: forall a b v. Map a (Map a b v) -> Map (a, b) v $WMapPair a b v = MapPair a b v `cast` sym (Co123Map a b v) -- Worker MapPair :: forall a b v. Map a (Map a b v) -> :R123Map a b v This coercion is conditionally applied by wrapFamInstBody. It's a bit more complicated if the data instance is a GADT as well! data instance T [a] where T1 :: forall b. b -> T [Maybe b] Hence we translate to -- Wrapper $WT1 :: forall b. b -> T [Maybe b] $WT1 b v = T1 (Maybe b) b (Maybe b) v `cast` sym (Co7T (Maybe b)) -- Worker T1 :: forall c b. (c ~ Maybe b) => b -> :R7T c -- Coercion from family type to representation type Co7T a :: T [a] ~ :R7T a Note [Newtype datacons] ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ The "data constructor" for a newtype should always be vanilla. At one point this wasn't true, because the newtype arising from class C a => D a looked like newtype T:D a = D:D (C a) so the data constructor for T:C had a single argument, namely the predicate (C a). But now we treat that as an ordinary argument, not part of the theta-type, so all is well. ************************************************************************ * * \subsection{Dictionary selectors} * * ************************************************************************ Selecting a field for a dictionary. If there is just one field, then there's nothing to do. Dictionary selectors may get nested forall-types. Thus: class Foo a where op :: forall b. Ord b => a -> b -> b Then the top-level type for op is op :: forall a. Foo a => forall b. Ord b => a -> b -> b This is unlike ordinary record selectors, which have all the for-alls at the outside. When dealing with classes it's very convenient to recover the original type signature from the class op selector. -} mkDictSelId :: Name -- Name of one of the *value* selectors -- (dictionary superclass or method) -> Class -> Id mkDictSelId name clas = mkGlobalId (ClassOpId clas) name sel_ty info where tycon = classTyCon clas sel_names = map idName (classAllSelIds clas) new_tycon = isNewTyCon tycon [data_con] = tyConDataCons tycon tyvars = dataConUnivTyVars data_con arg_tys = dataConRepArgTys data_con -- Includes the dictionary superclasses val_index = assoc "MkId.mkDictSelId" (sel_names `zip` [0..]) name sel_ty = mkForAllTys tyvars (mkFunTy (mkClassPred clas (mkTyVarTys tyvars)) (getNth arg_tys val_index)) base_info = noCafIdInfo `setArityInfo` 1 `setStrictnessInfo` strict_sig info | new_tycon = base_info `setInlinePragInfo` alwaysInlinePragma `setUnfoldingInfo` mkInlineUnfolding (Just 1) (mkDictSelRhs clas val_index) -- See Note [Single-method classes] in TcInstDcls -- for why alwaysInlinePragma | otherwise = base_info `setSpecInfo` mkSpecInfo [rule] -- Add a magic BuiltinRule, but no unfolding -- so that the rule is always available to fire. -- See Note [ClassOp/DFun selection] in TcInstDcls n_ty_args = length tyvars -- This is the built-in rule that goes -- op (dfT d1 d2) ---> opT d1 d2 rule = BuiltinRule { ru_name = fsLit "Class op " `appendFS` occNameFS (getOccName name) , ru_fn = name , ru_nargs = n_ty_args + 1 , ru_try = dictSelRule val_index n_ty_args } -- The strictness signature is of the form U(AAAVAAAA) -> T -- where the V depends on which item we are selecting -- It's worth giving one, so that absence info etc is generated -- even if the selector isn't inlined strict_sig = mkClosedStrictSig [arg_dmd] topRes arg_dmd | new_tycon = evalDmd | otherwise = mkManyUsedDmd $ mkProdDmd [ if name == sel_name then evalDmd else absDmd | sel_name <- sel_names ] mkDictSelRhs :: Class -> Int -- 0-indexed selector among (superclasses ++ methods) -> CoreExpr mkDictSelRhs clas val_index = mkLams tyvars (Lam dict_id rhs_body) where tycon = classTyCon clas new_tycon = isNewTyCon tycon [data_con] = tyConDataCons tycon tyvars = dataConUnivTyVars data_con arg_tys = dataConRepArgTys data_con -- Includes the dictionary superclasses the_arg_id = getNth arg_ids val_index pred = mkClassPred clas (mkTyVarTys tyvars) dict_id = mkTemplateLocal 1 pred arg_ids = mkTemplateLocalsNum 2 arg_tys rhs_body | new_tycon = unwrapNewTypeBody tycon (map mkTyVarTy tyvars) (Var dict_id) | otherwise = Case (Var dict_id) dict_id (idType the_arg_id) [(DataAlt data_con, arg_ids, varToCoreExpr the_arg_id)] -- varToCoreExpr needed for equality superclass selectors -- sel a b d = case x of { MkC _ (g:a~b) _ -> CO g } dictSelRule :: Int -> Arity -> RuleFun -- Tries to persuade the argument to look like a constructor -- application, using exprIsConApp_maybe, and then selects -- from it -- sel_i t1..tk (D t1..tk op1 ... opm) = opi -- dictSelRule val_index n_ty_args _ id_unf _ args | (dict_arg : _) <- drop n_ty_args args , Just (_, _, con_args) <- exprIsConApp_maybe id_unf dict_arg = Just (getNth con_args val_index) | otherwise = Nothing {- ************************************************************************ * * Data constructors * * ************************************************************************ -} mkDataConWorkId :: Name -> DataCon -> Id mkDataConWorkId wkr_name data_con | isNewTyCon tycon = mkGlobalId (DataConWrapId data_con) wkr_name nt_wrap_ty nt_work_info | otherwise = mkGlobalId (DataConWorkId data_con) wkr_name alg_wkr_ty wkr_info where tycon = dataConTyCon data_con ----------- Workers for data types -------------- alg_wkr_ty = dataConRepType data_con wkr_arity = dataConRepArity data_con wkr_info = noCafIdInfo `setArityInfo` wkr_arity `setStrictnessInfo` wkr_sig `setUnfoldingInfo` evaldUnfolding -- Record that it's evaluated, -- even if arity = 0 wkr_sig = mkClosedStrictSig (replicate wkr_arity topDmd) (dataConCPR data_con) -- Note [Data-con worker strictness] -- Notice that we do *not* say the worker is strict -- even if the data constructor is declared strict -- e.g. data T = MkT !(Int,Int) -- Why? Because the *wrapper* is strict (and its unfolding has case -- expresssions that do the evals) but the *worker* itself is not. -- If we pretend it is strict then when we see -- case x of y -> $wMkT y -- the simplifier thinks that y is "sure to be evaluated" (because -- $wMkT is strict) and drops the case. No, $wMkT is not strict. -- -- When the simplifer sees a pattern -- case e of MkT x -> ... -- it uses the dataConRepStrictness of MkT to mark x as evaluated; -- but that's fine... dataConRepStrictness comes from the data con -- not from the worker Id. ----------- Workers for newtypes -------------- (nt_tvs, _, nt_arg_tys, _) = dataConSig data_con res_ty_args = mkTyVarTys nt_tvs nt_wrap_ty = dataConUserType data_con nt_work_info = noCafIdInfo -- The NoCaf-ness is set by noCafIdInfo `setArityInfo` 1 -- Arity 1 `setInlinePragInfo` alwaysInlinePragma `setUnfoldingInfo` newtype_unf id_arg1 = mkTemplateLocal 1 (head nt_arg_tys) newtype_unf = ASSERT2( isVanillaDataCon data_con && isSingleton nt_arg_tys, ppr data_con ) -- Note [Newtype datacons] mkCompulsoryUnfolding $ mkLams nt_tvs $ Lam id_arg1 $ wrapNewTypeBody tycon res_ty_args (Var id_arg1) dataConCPR :: DataCon -> DmdResult dataConCPR con | isDataTyCon tycon -- Real data types only; that is, -- not unboxed tuples or newtypes , isVanillaDataCon con -- No existentials , wkr_arity > 0 , wkr_arity <= mAX_CPR_SIZE = if is_prod then vanillaCprProdRes (dataConRepArity con) else cprSumRes (dataConTag con) | otherwise = topRes where is_prod = isProductTyCon tycon tycon = dataConTyCon con wkr_arity = dataConRepArity con mAX_CPR_SIZE :: Arity mAX_CPR_SIZE = 10 -- We do not treat very big tuples as CPR-ish: -- a) for a start we get into trouble because there aren't -- "enough" unboxed tuple types (a tiresome restriction, -- but hard to fix), -- b) more importantly, big unboxed tuples get returned mainly -- on the stack, and are often then allocated in the heap -- by the caller. So doing CPR for them may in fact make -- things worse. {- ------------------------------------------------- -- Data constructor representation -- -- This is where we decide how to wrap/unwrap the -- constructor fields -- -------------------------------------------------- -} type Unboxer = Var -> UniqSM ([Var], CoreExpr -> CoreExpr) -- Unbox: bind rep vars by decomposing src var data Boxer = UnitBox | Boxer (TvSubst -> UniqSM ([Var], CoreExpr)) -- Box: build src arg using these rep vars newtype DataConBoxer = DCB ([Type] -> [Var] -> UniqSM ([Var], [CoreBind])) -- Bind these src-level vars, returning the -- rep-level vars to bind in the pattern mkDataConRep :: DynFlags -> FamInstEnvs -> Name -> DataCon -> UniqSM DataConRep mkDataConRep dflags fam_envs wrap_name data_con | not wrapper_reqd = return NoDataConRep | otherwise = do { wrap_args <- mapM newLocal wrap_arg_tys ; wrap_body <- mk_rep_app (wrap_args `zip` dropList eq_spec unboxers) initial_wrap_app ; let wrap_id = mkGlobalId (DataConWrapId data_con) wrap_name wrap_ty wrap_info wrap_info = noCafIdInfo `setArityInfo` wrap_arity -- It's important to specify the arity, so that partial -- applications are treated as values `setInlinePragInfo` alwaysInlinePragma `setUnfoldingInfo` wrap_unf `setStrictnessInfo` wrap_sig -- We need to get the CAF info right here because TidyPgm -- does not tidy the IdInfo of implicit bindings (like the wrapper) -- so it not make sure that the CAF info is sane wrap_sig = mkClosedStrictSig wrap_arg_dmds (dataConCPR data_con) wrap_arg_dmds = map mk_dmd (dropList eq_spec wrap_bangs) mk_dmd str | isBanged str = evalDmd | otherwise = topDmd -- The Cpr info can be important inside INLINE rhss, where the -- wrapper constructor isn't inlined. -- And the argument strictness can be important too; we -- may not inline a contructor when it is partially applied. -- For example: -- data W = C !Int !Int !Int -- ...(let w = C x in ...(w p q)...)... -- we want to see that w is strict in its two arguments wrap_unf = mkInlineUnfolding (Just wrap_arity) wrap_rhs wrap_tvs = (univ_tvs `minusList` map fst eq_spec) ++ ex_tvs wrap_rhs = mkLams wrap_tvs $ mkLams wrap_args $ wrapFamInstBody tycon res_ty_args $ wrap_body ; return (DCR { dcr_wrap_id = wrap_id , dcr_boxer = mk_boxer boxers , dcr_arg_tys = rep_tys , dcr_stricts = rep_strs , dcr_bangs = dropList ev_tys wrap_bangs }) } where (univ_tvs, ex_tvs, eq_spec, theta, orig_arg_tys, _) = dataConFullSig data_con res_ty_args = substTyVars (mkTopTvSubst eq_spec) univ_tvs tycon = dataConTyCon data_con -- The representation TyCon (not family) wrap_ty = dataConUserType data_con ev_tys = eqSpecPreds eq_spec ++ theta all_arg_tys = ev_tys ++ orig_arg_tys orig_bangs = map mk_pred_strict_mark ev_tys ++ dataConSrcBangs data_con wrap_arg_tys = theta ++ orig_arg_tys wrap_arity = length wrap_arg_tys -- The wrap_args are the arguments *other than* the eq_spec -- Because we are going to apply the eq_spec args manually in the -- wrapper (wrap_bangs, rep_tys_w_strs, wrappers) = unzip3 (zipWith (dataConArgRep dflags fam_envs) all_arg_tys orig_bangs) (unboxers, boxers) = unzip wrappers (rep_tys, rep_strs) = unzip (concat rep_tys_w_strs) wrapper_reqd = not (isNewTyCon tycon) -- Newtypes have only a worker && (any isBanged orig_bangs -- Some forcing/unboxing -- (includes eq_spec) || isFamInstTyCon tycon) -- Cast result initial_wrap_app = Var (dataConWorkId data_con) `mkTyApps` res_ty_args `mkVarApps` ex_tvs `mkCoApps` map (mkReflCo Nominal . snd) eq_spec -- Dont box the eq_spec coercions since they are -- marked as HsUnpack by mk_dict_strict_mark mk_boxer :: [Boxer] -> DataConBoxer mk_boxer boxers = DCB (\ ty_args src_vars -> do { let ex_vars = takeList ex_tvs src_vars subst1 = mkTopTvSubst (univ_tvs `zip` ty_args) subst2 = extendTvSubstList subst1 ex_tvs (mkTyVarTys ex_vars) ; (rep_ids, binds) <- go subst2 boxers (dropList ex_tvs src_vars) ; return (ex_vars ++ rep_ids, binds) } ) go _ [] src_vars = ASSERT2( null src_vars, ppr data_con ) return ([], []) go subst (UnitBox : boxers) (src_var : src_vars) = do { (rep_ids2, binds) <- go subst boxers src_vars ; return (src_var : rep_ids2, binds) } go subst (Boxer boxer : boxers) (src_var : src_vars) = do { (rep_ids1, arg) <- boxer subst ; (rep_ids2, binds) <- go subst boxers src_vars ; return (rep_ids1 ++ rep_ids2, NonRec src_var arg : binds) } go _ (_:_) [] = pprPanic "mk_boxer" (ppr data_con) mk_rep_app :: [(Id,Unboxer)] -> CoreExpr -> UniqSM CoreExpr mk_rep_app [] con_app = return con_app mk_rep_app ((wrap_arg, unboxer) : prs) con_app = do { (rep_ids, unbox_fn) <- unboxer wrap_arg ; expr <- mk_rep_app prs (mkVarApps con_app rep_ids) ; return (unbox_fn expr) } ------------------------- newLocal :: Type -> UniqSM Var newLocal ty = do { uniq <- getUniqueM ; return (mkSysLocal (fsLit "dt") uniq ty) } ------------------------- dataConArgRep :: DynFlags -> FamInstEnvs -> Type -> HsSrcBang -- For DataCons defined in this module, this is the -- bang/unpack annotation that the programmer wrote -- For DataCons imported from an interface file, this -- is the HsImplBang implementation decision taken -- by the compiler in the defining module; just follow -- it slavishly, so that we make the same decision as -- in the defining module -> ( HsImplBang -- Implementation decision about unpack strategy , [(Type, StrictnessMark)] -- Rep types , (Unboxer, Boxer) ) dataConArgRep _ _ arg_ty HsNoBang = (HsNoBang, [(arg_ty, NotMarkedStrict)], (unitUnboxer, unitBoxer)) dataConArgRep _ _ arg_ty (HsSrcBang _ _ False) -- No '!' = (HsNoBang, [(arg_ty, NotMarkedStrict)], (unitUnboxer, unitBoxer)) dataConArgRep dflags fam_envs arg_ty (HsSrcBang _ unpk_prag True) -- {-# UNPACK #-} ! | not (gopt Opt_OmitInterfacePragmas dflags) -- Don't unpack if -fomit-iface-pragmas -- Don't unpack if we aren't optimising; rather arbitrarily, -- we use -fomit-iface-pragmas as the indication , let mb_co = topNormaliseType_maybe fam_envs arg_ty -- Unwrap type families and newtypes arg_ty' = case mb_co of { Just (_,ty) -> ty; Nothing -> arg_ty } , isUnpackableType fam_envs arg_ty' , (rep_tys, wrappers) <- dataConArgUnpack arg_ty' , case unpk_prag of Nothing -> gopt Opt_UnboxStrictFields dflags || (gopt Opt_UnboxSmallStrictFields dflags && length rep_tys <= 1) -- See Note [Unpack one-wide fields] Just unpack_me -> unpack_me = case mb_co of Nothing -> (HsUnpack Nothing, rep_tys, wrappers) Just (co,rep_ty) -> (HsUnpack (Just co), rep_tys, wrapCo co rep_ty wrappers) | otherwise -- Record the strict-but-no-unpack decision = strict_but_not_unpacked arg_ty dataConArgRep _ _ arg_ty HsStrict = strict_but_not_unpacked arg_ty dataConArgRep _ _ arg_ty (HsUnpack Nothing) | (rep_tys, wrappers) <- dataConArgUnpack arg_ty = (HsUnpack Nothing, rep_tys, wrappers) dataConArgRep _ _ _ (HsUnpack (Just co)) | let co_rep_ty = pSnd (coercionKind co) , (rep_tys, wrappers) <- dataConArgUnpack co_rep_ty = (HsUnpack (Just co), rep_tys, wrapCo co co_rep_ty wrappers) strict_but_not_unpacked :: Type -> (HsImplBang, [(Type,StrictnessMark)], (Unboxer, Boxer)) strict_but_not_unpacked arg_ty = (HsStrict, [(arg_ty, MarkedStrict)], (seqUnboxer, unitBoxer)) ------------------------- wrapCo :: Coercion -> Type -> (Unboxer, Boxer) -> (Unboxer, Boxer) wrapCo co rep_ty (unbox_rep, box_rep) -- co :: arg_ty ~ rep_ty = (unboxer, boxer) where unboxer arg_id = do { rep_id <- newLocal rep_ty ; (rep_ids, rep_fn) <- unbox_rep rep_id ; let co_bind = NonRec rep_id (Var arg_id `Cast` co) ; return (rep_ids, Let co_bind . rep_fn) } boxer = Boxer $ \ subst -> do { (rep_ids, rep_expr) <- case box_rep of UnitBox -> do { rep_id <- newLocal (TcType.substTy subst rep_ty) ; return ([rep_id], Var rep_id) } Boxer boxer -> boxer subst ; let sco = substCo (tvCvSubst subst) co ; return (rep_ids, rep_expr `Cast` mkSymCo sco) } ------------------------ seqUnboxer :: Unboxer seqUnboxer v = return ([v], \e -> Case (Var v) v (exprType e) [(DEFAULT, [], e)]) unitUnboxer :: Unboxer unitUnboxer v = return ([v], \e -> e) unitBoxer :: Boxer unitBoxer = UnitBox ------------------------- dataConArgUnpack :: Type -> ( [(Type, StrictnessMark)] -- Rep types , (Unboxer, Boxer) ) dataConArgUnpack arg_ty | Just (tc, tc_args) <- splitTyConApp_maybe arg_ty , Just con <- tyConSingleAlgDataCon_maybe tc -- NB: check for an *algebraic* data type -- A recursive newtype might mean that -- 'arg_ty' is a newtype , let rep_tys = dataConInstArgTys con tc_args = ASSERT( isVanillaDataCon con ) ( rep_tys `zip` dataConRepStrictness con ,( \ arg_id -> do { rep_ids <- mapM newLocal rep_tys ; let unbox_fn body = Case (Var arg_id) arg_id (exprType body) [(DataAlt con, rep_ids, body)] ; return (rep_ids, unbox_fn) } , Boxer $ \ subst -> do { rep_ids <- mapM (newLocal . TcType.substTy subst) rep_tys ; return (rep_ids, Var (dataConWorkId con) `mkTyApps` (substTys subst tc_args) `mkVarApps` rep_ids ) } ) ) | otherwise = pprPanic "dataConArgUnpack" (ppr arg_ty) -- An interface file specified Unpacked, but we couldn't unpack it isUnpackableType :: FamInstEnvs -> Type -> Bool -- True if we can unpack the UNPACK the argument type -- See Note [Recursive unboxing] -- We look "deeply" inside rather than relying on the DataCons -- we encounter on the way, because otherwise we might well -- end up relying on ourselves! isUnpackableType fam_envs ty | Just (tc, _) <- splitTyConApp_maybe ty , Just con <- tyConSingleAlgDataCon_maybe tc , isVanillaDataCon con = ok_con_args (unitNameSet (getName tc)) con | otherwise = False where ok_arg tcs (ty, bang) = not (attempt_unpack bang) || ok_ty tcs norm_ty where norm_ty = topNormaliseType fam_envs ty ok_ty tcs ty | Just (tc, _) <- splitTyConApp_maybe ty , let tc_name = getName tc = not (tc_name `elemNameSet` tcs) && case tyConSingleAlgDataCon_maybe tc of Just con | isVanillaDataCon con -> ok_con_args (tcs `extendNameSet` getName tc) con _ -> True | otherwise = True ok_con_args tcs con = all (ok_arg tcs) (dataConOrigArgTys con `zip` dataConSrcBangs con) -- NB: dataConSrcBangs gives the *user* request; -- We'd get a black hole if we used dataConImplBangs attempt_unpack (HsUnpack {}) = True attempt_unpack (HsSrcBang _ (Just unpk) bang) = bang && unpk attempt_unpack (HsSrcBang _ Nothing bang) = bang -- Be conservative attempt_unpack HsStrict = False attempt_unpack HsNoBang = False {- Note [Unpack one-wide fields] ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ The flag UnboxSmallStrictFields ensures that any field that can (safely) be unboxed to a word-sized unboxed field, should be so unboxed. For example: data A = A Int# newtype B = B A data C = C !B data D = D !C data E = E !() data F = F !D data G = G !F !F All of these should have an Int# as their representation, except G which should have two Int#s. However data T = T !(S Int) data S = S !a Here we can represent T with an Int#. Note [Recursive unboxing] ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Consider data R = MkR {-# UNPACK #-} !S Int data S = MkS {-# UNPACK #-} !Int The representation arguments of MkR are the *representation* arguments of S (plus Int); the rep args of MkS are Int#. This is all fine. But be careful not to try to unbox this! data T = MkT {-# UNPACK #-} !T Int Because then we'd get an infinite number of arguments. Here is a more complicated case: data S = MkS {-# UNPACK #-} !T Int data T = MkT {-# UNPACK #-} !S Int Each of S and T must decide independendently whether to unpack and they had better not both say yes. So they must both say no. Also behave conservatively when there is no UNPACK pragma data T = MkS !T Int with -funbox-strict-fields or -funbox-small-strict-fields we need to behave as if there was an UNPACK pragma there. But it's the *argument* type that matters. This is fine: data S = MkS S !Int because Int is non-recursive. Note [Unpack equality predicates] ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ If we have a GADT with a contructor C :: (a~[b]) => b -> T a we definitely want that equality predicate *unboxed* so that it takes no space at all. This is easily done: just give it an UNPACK pragma. The rest of the unpack/repack code does the heavy lifting. This one line makes every GADT take a word less space for each equality predicate, so it's pretty important! -} mk_pred_strict_mark :: PredType -> HsSrcBang mk_pred_strict_mark pred | isEqPred pred = HsUnpack Nothing -- Note [Unpack equality predicates] | otherwise = HsNoBang {- ************************************************************************ * * Wrapping and unwrapping newtypes and type families * * ************************************************************************ -} wrapNewTypeBody :: TyCon -> [Type] -> CoreExpr -> CoreExpr -- The wrapper for the data constructor for a newtype looks like this: -- newtype T a = MkT (a,Int) -- MkT :: forall a. (a,Int) -> T a -- MkT = /\a. \(x:(a,Int)). x `cast` sym (CoT a) -- where CoT is the coercion TyCon assoicated with the newtype -- -- The call (wrapNewTypeBody T [a] e) returns the -- body of the wrapper, namely -- e `cast` (CoT [a]) -- -- If a coercion constructor is provided in the newtype, then we use -- it, otherwise the wrap/unwrap are both no-ops -- -- If the we are dealing with a newtype *instance*, we have a second coercion -- identifying the family instance with the constructor of the newtype -- instance. This coercion is applied in any case (ie, composed with the -- coercion constructor of the newtype or applied by itself). wrapNewTypeBody tycon args result_expr = ASSERT( isNewTyCon tycon ) wrapFamInstBody tycon args $ mkCast result_expr (mkSymCo co) where co = mkUnbranchedAxInstCo Representational (newTyConCo tycon) args -- When unwrapping, we do *not* apply any family coercion, because this will -- be done via a CoPat by the type checker. We have to do it this way as -- computing the right type arguments for the coercion requires more than just -- a spliting operation (cf, TcPat.tcConPat). unwrapNewTypeBody :: TyCon -> [Type] -> CoreExpr -> CoreExpr unwrapNewTypeBody tycon args result_expr = ASSERT( isNewTyCon tycon ) mkCast result_expr (mkUnbranchedAxInstCo Representational (newTyConCo tycon) args) -- If the type constructor is a representation type of a data instance, wrap -- the expression into a cast adjusting the expression type, which is an -- instance of the representation type, to the corresponding instance of the -- family instance type. -- See Note [Wrappers for data instance tycons] wrapFamInstBody :: TyCon -> [Type] -> CoreExpr -> CoreExpr wrapFamInstBody tycon args body | Just co_con <- tyConFamilyCoercion_maybe tycon = mkCast body (mkSymCo (mkUnbranchedAxInstCo Representational co_con args)) | otherwise = body -- Same as `wrapFamInstBody`, but for type family instances, which are -- represented by a `CoAxiom`, and not a `TyCon` wrapTypeFamInstBody :: CoAxiom br -> Int -> [Type] -> CoreExpr -> CoreExpr wrapTypeFamInstBody axiom ind args body = mkCast body (mkSymCo (mkAxInstCo Representational axiom ind args)) wrapTypeUnbranchedFamInstBody :: CoAxiom Unbranched -> [Type] -> CoreExpr -> CoreExpr wrapTypeUnbranchedFamInstBody axiom = wrapTypeFamInstBody axiom 0 unwrapFamInstScrut :: TyCon -> [Type] -> CoreExpr -> CoreExpr unwrapFamInstScrut tycon args scrut | Just co_con <- tyConFamilyCoercion_maybe tycon = mkCast scrut (mkUnbranchedAxInstCo Representational co_con args) -- data instances only | otherwise = scrut unwrapTypeFamInstScrut :: CoAxiom br -> Int -> [Type] -> CoreExpr -> CoreExpr unwrapTypeFamInstScrut axiom ind args scrut = mkCast scrut (mkAxInstCo Representational axiom ind args) unwrapTypeUnbranchedFamInstScrut :: CoAxiom Unbranched -> [Type] -> CoreExpr -> CoreExpr unwrapTypeUnbranchedFamInstScrut axiom = unwrapTypeFamInstScrut axiom 0 {- ************************************************************************ * * \subsection{Primitive operations} * * ************************************************************************ -} mkPrimOpId :: PrimOp -> Id mkPrimOpId prim_op = id where (tyvars,arg_tys,res_ty, arity, strict_sig) = primOpSig prim_op ty = mkForAllTys tyvars (mkFunTys arg_tys res_ty) name = mkWiredInName gHC_PRIM (primOpOcc prim_op) (mkPrimOpIdUnique (primOpTag prim_op)) (AnId id) UserSyntax id = mkGlobalId (PrimOpId prim_op) name ty info info = noCafIdInfo `setSpecInfo` mkSpecInfo (maybeToList $ primOpRules name prim_op) `setArityInfo` arity `setStrictnessInfo` strict_sig `setInlinePragInfo` neverInlinePragma -- We give PrimOps a NOINLINE pragma so that we don't -- get silly warnings from Desugar.dsRule (the inline_shadows_rule -- test) about a RULE conflicting with a possible inlining -- cf Trac #7287 -- For each ccall we manufacture a separate CCallOpId, giving it -- a fresh unique, a type that is correct for this particular ccall, -- and a CCall structure that gives the correct details about calling -- convention etc. -- -- The *name* of this Id is a local name whose OccName gives the full -- details of the ccall, type and all. This means that the interface -- file reader can reconstruct a suitable Id mkFCallId :: DynFlags -> Unique -> ForeignCall -> Type -> Id mkFCallId dflags uniq fcall ty = ASSERT( isEmptyVarSet (tyVarsOfType ty) ) -- A CCallOpId should have no free type variables; -- when doing substitutions won't substitute over it mkGlobalId (FCallId fcall) name ty info where occ_str = showSDoc dflags (braces (ppr fcall <+> ppr ty)) -- The "occurrence name" of a ccall is the full info about the -- ccall; it is encoded, but may have embedded spaces etc! name = mkFCallName uniq occ_str info = noCafIdInfo `setArityInfo` arity `setStrictnessInfo` strict_sig (_, tau) = tcSplitForAllTys ty (arg_tys, _) = tcSplitFunTys tau arity = length arg_tys strict_sig = mkClosedStrictSig (replicate arity evalDmd) topRes {- ************************************************************************ * * \subsection{DictFuns and default methods} * * ************************************************************************ Note [Dict funs and default methods] ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Dict funs and default methods are *not* ImplicitIds. Their definition involves user-written code, so we can't figure out their strictness etc based on fixed info, as we can for constructors and record selectors (say). NB: See also Note [Exported LocalIds] in Id -} mkDictFunId :: Name -- Name to use for the dict fun; -> [TyVar] -> ThetaType -> Class -> [Type] -> Id -- Implements the DFun Superclass Invariant (see TcInstDcls) -- See Note [Dict funs and default methods] mkDictFunId dfun_name tvs theta clas tys = mkExportedLocalId (DFunId n_silent is_nt) dfun_name dfun_ty where is_nt = isNewTyCon (classTyCon clas) (n_silent, dfun_ty) = mkDictFunTy tvs theta clas tys mkDictFunTy :: [TyVar] -> ThetaType -> Class -> [Type] -> (Int, Type) mkDictFunTy tvs theta clas tys = (length silent_theta, dfun_ty) where dfun_ty = mkSigmaTy tvs (silent_theta ++ theta) (mkClassPred clas tys) silent_theta | null tvs, null theta = [] | otherwise = filterOut discard $ substTheta (zipTopTvSubst (classTyVars clas) tys) (classSCTheta clas) -- See Note [Silent Superclass Arguments] discard pred = any (`eqPred` pred) theta -- See the DFun Superclass Invariant in TcInstDcls {- ************************************************************************ * * \subsection{Un-definable} * * ************************************************************************ These Ids can't be defined in Haskell. They could be defined in unfoldings in the wired-in GHC.Prim interface file, but we'd have to ensure that they were definitely, definitely inlined, because there is no curried identifier for them. That's what mkCompulsoryUnfolding does. If we had a way to get a compulsory unfolding from an interface file, we could do that, but we don't right now. unsafeCoerce# isn't so much a PrimOp as a phantom identifier, that just gets expanded into a type coercion wherever it occurs. Hence we add it as a built-in Id with an unfolding here. The type variables we use here are "open" type variables: this means they can unify with both unlifted and lifted types. Hence we provide another gun with which to shoot yourself in the foot. -} lazyIdName, unsafeCoerceName, nullAddrName, seqName, realWorldName, voidPrimIdName, coercionTokenName, magicDictName, coerceName, proxyName, dollarName, oneShotName :: Name unsafeCoerceName = mkWiredInIdName gHC_PRIM (fsLit "unsafeCoerce#") unsafeCoerceIdKey unsafeCoerceId nullAddrName = mkWiredInIdName gHC_PRIM (fsLit "nullAddr#") nullAddrIdKey nullAddrId seqName = mkWiredInIdName gHC_PRIM (fsLit "seq") seqIdKey seqId realWorldName = mkWiredInIdName gHC_PRIM (fsLit "realWorld#") realWorldPrimIdKey realWorldPrimId voidPrimIdName = mkWiredInIdName gHC_PRIM (fsLit "void#") voidPrimIdKey voidPrimId lazyIdName = mkWiredInIdName gHC_MAGIC (fsLit "lazy") lazyIdKey lazyId coercionTokenName = mkWiredInIdName gHC_PRIM (fsLit "coercionToken#") coercionTokenIdKey coercionTokenId magicDictName = mkWiredInIdName gHC_PRIM (fsLit "magicDict") magicDictKey magicDictId coerceName = mkWiredInIdName gHC_PRIM (fsLit "coerce") coerceKey coerceId proxyName = mkWiredInIdName gHC_PRIM (fsLit "proxy#") proxyHashKey proxyHashId dollarName = mkWiredInIdName gHC_BASE (fsLit "$") dollarIdKey dollarId oneShotName = mkWiredInIdName gHC_MAGIC (fsLit "oneShot") oneShotKey oneShotId dollarId :: Id -- Note [dollarId magic] dollarId = pcMiscPrelId dollarName ty (noCafIdInfo `setUnfoldingInfo` unf) where fun_ty = mkFunTy alphaTy openBetaTy ty = mkForAllTys [alphaTyVar, openBetaTyVar] $ mkFunTy fun_ty fun_ty unf = mkInlineUnfolding (Just 2) rhs [f,x] = mkTemplateLocals [fun_ty, alphaTy] rhs = mkLams [alphaTyVar, openBetaTyVar, f, x] $ App (Var f) (Var x) ------------------------------------------------ -- proxy# :: forall a. Proxy# a proxyHashId :: Id proxyHashId = pcMiscPrelId proxyName ty (noCafIdInfo `setUnfoldingInfo` evaldUnfolding) -- Note [evaldUnfoldings] where ty = mkForAllTys [kv, tv] (mkProxyPrimTy k t) kv = kKiVar k = mkTyVarTy kv tv:_ = tyVarList k t = mkTyVarTy tv ------------------------------------------------ -- unsafeCoerce# :: forall a b. a -> b unsafeCoerceId :: Id unsafeCoerceId = pcMiscPrelId unsafeCoerceName ty info where info = noCafIdInfo `setInlinePragInfo` alwaysInlinePragma `setUnfoldingInfo` mkCompulsoryUnfolding rhs ty = mkForAllTys [openAlphaTyVar,openBetaTyVar] (mkFunTy openAlphaTy openBetaTy) [x] = mkTemplateLocals [openAlphaTy] rhs = mkLams [openAlphaTyVar,openBetaTyVar,x] $ Cast (Var x) (mkUnsafeCo openAlphaTy openBetaTy) ------------------------------------------------ nullAddrId :: Id -- nullAddr# :: Addr# -- The reason is is here is because we don't provide -- a way to write this literal in Haskell. nullAddrId = pcMiscPrelId nullAddrName addrPrimTy info where info = noCafIdInfo `setInlinePragInfo` alwaysInlinePragma `setUnfoldingInfo` mkCompulsoryUnfolding (Lit nullAddrLit) ------------------------------------------------ seqId :: Id -- See Note [seqId magic] seqId = pcMiscPrelId seqName ty info where info = noCafIdInfo `setInlinePragInfo` inline_prag `setUnfoldingInfo` mkCompulsoryUnfolding rhs `setSpecInfo` mkSpecInfo [seq_cast_rule] inline_prag = alwaysInlinePragma `setInlinePragmaActivation` ActiveAfter 0 -- Make 'seq' not inline-always, so that simpleOptExpr -- (see CoreSubst.simple_app) won't inline 'seq' on the -- LHS of rules. That way we can have rules for 'seq'; -- see Note [seqId magic] ty = mkForAllTys [alphaTyVar,betaTyVar] (mkFunTy alphaTy (mkFunTy betaTy betaTy)) -- NB argBetaTyVar; see Note [seqId magic] [x,y] = mkTemplateLocals [alphaTy, betaTy] rhs = mkLams [alphaTyVar,betaTyVar,x,y] (Case (Var x) x betaTy [(DEFAULT, [], Var y)]) -- See Note [Built-in RULES for seq] -- NB: ru_nargs = 3, not 4, to match the code in -- Simplify.rebuildCase which tries to apply this rule seq_cast_rule = BuiltinRule { ru_name = fsLit "seq of cast" , ru_fn = seqName , ru_nargs = 3 , ru_try = match_seq_of_cast } match_seq_of_cast :: RuleFun -- See Note [Built-in RULES for seq] match_seq_of_cast _ _ _ [Type _, Type res_ty, Cast scrut co] = Just (Var seqId `mkApps` [Type (pFst (coercionKind co)), Type res_ty, scrut]) match_seq_of_cast _ _ _ _ = Nothing ------------------------------------------------ lazyId :: Id -- See Note [lazyId magic] lazyId = pcMiscPrelId lazyIdName ty info where info = noCafIdInfo ty = mkForAllTys [alphaTyVar] (mkFunTy alphaTy alphaTy) oneShotId :: Id -- See Note [The oneShot function] oneShotId = pcMiscPrelId oneShotName ty info where info = noCafIdInfo `setInlinePragInfo` alwaysInlinePragma `setUnfoldingInfo` mkCompulsoryUnfolding rhs ty = mkForAllTys [alphaTyVar, betaTyVar] (mkFunTy fun_ty fun_ty) fun_ty = mkFunTy alphaTy betaTy [body, x] = mkTemplateLocals [fun_ty, alphaTy] x' = setOneShotLambda x rhs = mkLams [alphaTyVar, betaTyVar, body, x'] $ Var body `App` Var x -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- magicDictId :: Id -- See Note [magicDictId magic] magicDictId = pcMiscPrelId magicDictName ty info where info = noCafIdInfo `setInlinePragInfo` neverInlinePragma ty = mkForAllTys [alphaTyVar] alphaTy -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- coerceId :: Id coerceId = pcMiscPrelId coerceName ty info where info = noCafIdInfo `setInlinePragInfo` alwaysInlinePragma `setUnfoldingInfo` mkCompulsoryUnfolding rhs eqRTy = mkTyConApp coercibleTyCon [liftedTypeKind, alphaTy, betaTy] eqRPrimTy = mkTyConApp eqReprPrimTyCon [liftedTypeKind, alphaTy, betaTy] ty = mkForAllTys [alphaTyVar, betaTyVar] $ mkFunTys [eqRTy, alphaTy] betaTy [eqR,x,eq] = mkTemplateLocals [eqRTy, alphaTy, eqRPrimTy] rhs = mkLams [alphaTyVar, betaTyVar, eqR, x] $ mkWildCase (Var eqR) eqRTy betaTy $ [(DataAlt coercibleDataCon, [eq], Cast (Var x) (CoVarCo eq))] {- Note [dollarId magic] ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ The only reason that ($) is wired in is so that its type can be forall (a:*, b:Open). (a->b) -> a -> b That is, the return type can be unboxed. E.g. this is OK foo $ True where foo :: Bool -> Int# because ($) doesn't inspect or move the result of the call to foo. See Trac #8739. There is a special typing rule for ($) in TcExpr, so the type of ($) isn't looked at there, BUT Lint subsequently (and rightly) complains if sees ($) applied to Int# (say), unless we give it a wired-in type as we do here. Note [Unsafe coerce magic] ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ We define a *primitive* GHC.Prim.unsafeCoerce# and then in the base library we define the ordinary function Unsafe.Coerce.unsafeCoerce :: forall (a:*) (b:*). a -> b unsafeCoerce x = unsafeCoerce# x Notice that unsafeCoerce has a civilized (albeit still dangerous) polymorphic type, whose type args have kind *. So you can't use it on unboxed values (unsafeCoerce 3#). In contrast unsafeCoerce# is even more dangerous because you *can* use it on unboxed things, (unsafeCoerce# 3#) :: Int. Its type is forall (a:OpenKind) (b:OpenKind). a -> b Note [seqId magic] ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 'GHC.Prim.seq' is special in several ways. a) Its second arg can have an unboxed type x `seq` (v +# w) Hence its second type variable has ArgKind b) Its fixity is set in LoadIface.ghcPrimIface c) It has quite a bit of desugaring magic. See DsUtils.lhs Note [Desugaring seq (1)] and (2) and (3) d) There is some special rule handing: Note [User-defined RULES for seq] e) See Note [Typing rule for seq] in TcExpr. Note [User-defined RULES for seq] ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Roman found situations where he had case (f n) of _ -> e where he knew that f (which was strict in n) would terminate if n did. Notice that the result of (f n) is discarded. So it makes sense to transform to case n of _ -> e Rather than attempt some general analysis to support this, I've added enough support that you can do this using a rewrite rule: RULE "f/seq" forall n. seq (f n) = seq n You write that rule. When GHC sees a case expression that discards its result, it mentally transforms it to a call to 'seq' and looks for a RULE. (This is done in Simplify.rebuildCase.) As usual, the correctness of the rule is up to you. VERY IMPORTANT: to make this work, we give the RULE an arity of 1, not 2. If we wrote RULE "f/seq" forall n e. seq (f n) e = seq n e with rule arity 2, then two bad things would happen: - The magical desugaring done in Note [seqId magic] item (c) for saturated application of 'seq' would turn the LHS into a case expression! - The code in Simplify.rebuildCase would need to actually supply the value argument, which turns out to be awkward. Note [Built-in RULES for seq] ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ We also have the following built-in rule for seq seq (x `cast` co) y = seq x y This eliminates unnecessary casts and also allows other seq rules to match more often. Notably, seq (f x `cast` co) y --> seq (f x) y and now a user-defined rule for seq (see Note [User-defined RULES for seq]) may fire. Note [lazyId magic] ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ lazy :: forall a?. a? -> a? (i.e. works for unboxed types too) Used to lazify pseq: pseq a b = a `seq` lazy b Also, no strictness: by being a built-in Id, all the info about lazyId comes from here, not from GHC.Base.hi. This is important, because the strictness analyser will spot it as strict! Also no unfolding in lazyId: it gets "inlined" by a HACK in CorePrep. It's very important to do this inlining *after* unfoldings are exposed in the interface file. Otherwise, the unfolding for (say) pseq in the interface file will not mention 'lazy', so if we inline 'pseq' we'll totally miss the very thing that 'lazy' was there for in the first place. See Trac #3259 for a real world example. lazyId is defined in GHC.Base, so we don't *have* to inline it. If it appears un-applied, we'll end up just calling it. Note [The oneShot function] ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ In the context of making left-folds fuse somewhat okish (see ticket #7994 and Note [Left folds via right fold]) it was determined that it would be useful if library authors could explicitly tell the compiler that a certain lambda is called at most once. The oneShot function allows that. Like most magic functions it has a compulsary unfolding, so there is no need for a real definition somewhere. We have one in GHC.Magic for the convenience of putting the documentation there. It uses `setOneShotLambda` on the lambda's binder. That is the whole magic: A typical call looks like oneShot (\y. e) after unfolding the definition `oneShot = \f \x[oneshot]. f x` we get (\f \x[oneshot]. f x) (\y. e) --> \x[oneshot]. ((\y.e) x) --> \x[oneshot] e[x/y] which is what we want. It is only effective if this bits survives as long as possible and makes it into the interface in unfoldings (See Note [Preserve OneShotInfo]). Also see https://ghc.haskell.org/trac/ghc/wiki/OneShot. Note [magicDictId magic] ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ The identifier `magicDict` is just a place-holder, which is used to implement a primitve that we cannot define in Haskell but we can write in Core. It is declared with a place-holder type: magicDict :: forall a. a The intention is that the identifier will be used in a very specific way, to create dictionaries for classes with a single method. Consider a class like this: class C a where f :: T a We are going to use `magicDict`, in conjunction with a built-in Prelude rule, to cast values of type `T a` into dictionaries for `C a`. To do this, we define a function like this in the library: data WrapC a b = WrapC (C a => Proxy a -> b) withT :: (C a => Proxy a -> b) -> T a -> Proxy a -> b withT f x y = magicDict (WrapC f) x y The purpose of `WrapC` is to avoid having `f` instantiated. Also, it avoids impredicativity, because `magicDict`'s type cannot be instantiated with a forall. The field of `WrapC` contains a `Proxy` parameter which is used to link the type of the constraint, `C a`, with the type of the `Wrap` value being made. Next, we add a built-in Prelude rule (see prelude/PrelRules.hs), which will replace the RHS of this definition with the appropriate definition in Core. The rewrite rule works as follows: magicDict@t (wrap@a@b f) x y ----> f (x `cast` co a) y The `co` coercion is the newtype-coercion extracted from the type-class. The type class is obtain by looking at the type of wrap. ------------------------------------------------------------- @realWorld#@ used to be a magic literal, \tr{void#}. If things get nasty as-is, change it back to a literal (@Literal@). voidArgId is a Local Id used simply as an argument in functions where we just want an arg to avoid having a thunk of unlifted type. E.g. x = \ void :: Void# -> (# p, q #) This comes up in strictness analysis Note [evaldUnfoldings] ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ The evaldUnfolding makes it look that some primitive value is evaluated, which in turn makes Simplify.interestingArg return True, which in turn makes INLINE things applied to said value likely to be inlined. -} realWorldPrimId :: Id -- :: State# RealWorld realWorldPrimId = pcMiscPrelId realWorldName realWorldStatePrimTy (noCafIdInfo `setUnfoldingInfo` evaldUnfolding -- Note [evaldUnfoldings] `setOneShotInfo` stateHackOneShot) voidPrimId :: Id -- Global constant :: Void# voidPrimId = pcMiscPrelId voidPrimIdName voidPrimTy (noCafIdInfo `setUnfoldingInfo` evaldUnfolding) -- Note [evaldUnfoldings] voidArgId :: Id -- Local lambda-bound :: Void# voidArgId = mkSysLocal (fsLit "void") voidArgIdKey voidPrimTy coercionTokenId :: Id -- :: () ~ () coercionTokenId -- Used to replace Coercion terms when we go to STG = pcMiscPrelId coercionTokenName (mkTyConApp eqPrimTyCon [liftedTypeKind, unitTy, unitTy]) noCafIdInfo pcMiscPrelId :: Name -> Type -> IdInfo -> Id pcMiscPrelId name ty info = mkVanillaGlobalWithInfo name ty info -- We lie and say the thing is imported; otherwise, we get into -- a mess with dependency analysis; e.g., core2stg may heave in -- random calls to GHCbase.unpackPS__. If GHCbase is the module -- being compiled, then it's just a matter of luck if the definition -- will be in "the right place" to be in scope.