Provides the standard warnings plus -fwarn-incomplete-patterns, -fwarn-dodgy-exports, -fwarn-dodgy-imports, -fwarn-unused-matches, -fwarn-unused-imports, and -fwarn-unused-binds.

Turns on all warning options that indicate potentially suspicious code. The warnings that are not enabled by -Wall are -fwarn-tabs, -fwarn-incomplete-uni-patterns, -fwarn-incomplete-record-updates, -fwarn-monomorphism-restriction, -fwarn-auto-orphans, -fwarn-implicit-prelude, -fwarn-missing-local-sigs, -fwarn-missing-import-lists.

Turns off all warnings, including the standard ones and those that -Wall doesn't enable.

Makes any warning into a fatal error. Useful so that you don't miss warnings when doing batch compilation.

Warnings are treated only as warnings, not as errors. This is the default, but can be useful to negate a -Werror flag.

Defer as many type errors as possible until runtime. At compile time you get a warning (instead of an error). At runtime, if you use a value that depends on a type error, you get a runtime error; but you can run any type-correct parts of your code just fine. See Section 7.13, “Deferring type errors to runtime”

When a name or package is not found in scope, make suggestions for the name or package you might have meant instead.

This option is on by default.

Causes a warning to be emitted when a pragma that GHC doesn't recognise is used. As well as pragmas that GHC itself uses, GHC also recognises pragmas known to be used by other tools, e.g. OPTIONS_HUGS and DERIVE.

This option is on by default.

Causes a warning to be emitted when a module, function or type with a WARNING or DEPRECATED pragma is used. See Section 7.18.4, “WARNING and DEPRECATED pragmas” for more details on the pragmas.

This option is on by default.

Causes a warning to be emitted when a deprecated commandline flag is used.

This option is on by default.

Causes a warning to be emitted for foreign declarations that use unsupported calling conventions. In particular, if the stdcall calling convention is used on an architecture other than i386 then it will be treated as ccall.

Causes a warning to be emitted for foreign imports of the following form:

foreign import "f" f :: FunPtr t

on the grounds that it probably should be

foreign import "&f" f :: FunPtr t

The first form declares that `f` is a (pure) C function that takes no arguments and returns a pointer to a C function with type `t`, whereas the second form declares that `f` itself is a C function with type `t`. The first declaration is usually a mistake, and one that is hard to debug because it results in a crash, hence this warning.

Causes a warning to be emitted when a datatype T is exported with all constructors, i.e. T(..), but is it just a type synonym.

Also causes a warning to be emitted when a module is re-exported, but that module exports nothing.

Causes a warning to be emitted when a datatype T is imported with all constructors, i.e. T(..), but has been exported abstractly, i.e. T.

Causes a warning to be emitted when an unlifted type is bound in a way that looks lazy, e.g. where (I# x) = .... Use where !(I# x) = ... instead. This will be an error, rather than a warning, in GHC 7.2.

Have the compiler warn about duplicate entries in export lists. This is useful information if you maintain large export lists, and want to avoid the continued export of a definition after you've deleted (one) mention of it in the export list.

This option is on by default.

Causes the compiler to emit a warning when a module or interface file in the current directory is shadowing one with the same module name in a library or other directory.

Causes the compiler to emit a warning when a Prelude numeric conversion converts a type T to the same type T; such calls are probably no-ops and can be omitted. The functions checked for are: toInteger, toRational, fromIntegral, and realToFrac.

Have the compiler warn if the Prelude is implicitly imported. This happens unless either the Prelude module is explicitly imported with an import ... Prelude ... line, or this implicit import is disabled (either by -XNoImplicitPrelude or a LANGUAGE NoImplicitPrelude pragma).

Note that no warning is given for syntax that implicitly refers to the Prelude, even if -XNoImplicitPrelude would change whether it refers to the Prelude. For example, no warning is given when 368 means Prelude.fromInteger (368::Prelude.Integer) (where Prelude refers to the actual Prelude module, regardless of the imports of the module being compiled).

This warning is off by default.

The option -fwarn-incomplete-patterns warns about places where a pattern-match might fail at runtime. The function g below will fail when applied to non-empty lists, so the compiler will emit a warning about this when -fwarn-incomplete-patterns is enabled.

g [] = 2

This option isn't enabled by default because it can be a bit noisy, and it doesn't always indicate a bug in the program. However, it's generally considered good practice to cover all the cases in your functions, and it is switched on by -W.

The flag -fwarn-incomplete-uni-patterns is similar, except that it applies only to lambda-expressions and pattern bindings, constructs that only allow a single pattern:

h = \[] -> 2
Just k = f y

The function f below will fail when applied to Bar, so the compiler will emit a warning about this when -fwarn-incomplete-record-updates is enabled.

data Foo = Foo { x :: Int }
         | Bar

f :: Foo -> Foo
f foo = foo { x = 6 }

This option isn't enabled by default because it can be very noisy, and it often doesn't indicate a bug in the program.

This option is on by default, and warns you whenever the construction of a labelled field constructor isn't complete, missing initializers for one or more fields. While not an error (the missing fields are initialised with bottoms), it is often an indication of a programmer error.

This flag warns if you use an unqualified import declaration that does not explicitly list the entities brought into scope. For example

module M where
  import X( f )
  import Y
  import qualified Z
  p x = f x x

The -fwarn-import-lists flag will warn about the import of Y but not X If module Y is later changed to export (say) f, then the reference to f in M will become ambiguous. No warning is produced for the import of Z because extending Z's exports would be unlikely to produce ambiguity in M.

This option is on by default, and warns you whenever an instance declaration is missing one or more methods, and the corresponding class declaration has no default declaration for them.

The warning is suppressed if the method name begins with an underscore. Here's an example where this is useful:

              class C a where
                _simpleFn :: a -> String
                complexFn :: a -> a -> String
                complexFn x y = ... _simpleFn ...
              

The idea is that: (a) users of the class will only call complexFn; never _simpleFn; and (b) instance declarations can define either complexFn or _simpleFn.

If you would like GHC to check that every top-level function/value has a type signature, use the -fwarn-missing-signatures option. As part of the warning GHC also reports the inferred type. The option is off by default.

If you use the -fwarn-missing-local-sigs flag GHC will warn you about any polymorphic local bindings. As part of the warning GHC also reports the inferred type. The option is off by default.

This option causes a warning to be emitted whenever an inner-scope value has the same name as an outer-scope value, i.e. the inner value shadows the outer one. This can catch typographical errors that turn into hard-to-find bugs, e.g., in the inadvertent capture of what would be a recursive call in f = ... let f = id in ... f ....

The warning is suppressed for names beginning with an underscore. For example

             f x = do { _ignore <- this; _ignore <- that; return (the other) }
          

These flags cause a warning to be emitted whenever the module contains an "orphan" instance declaration or rewrite rule. An instance declaration is an orphan if it appears in a module in which neither the class nor the type being instanced are declared in the same module. A rule is an orphan if it is a rule for a function declared in another module. A module containing any orphans is called an orphan module.

The trouble with orphans is that GHC must pro-actively read the interface files for all orphan modules, just in case their instances or rules play a role, whether or not the module's interface would otherwise be of any use. See Section 4.7.12, “Orphan modules and instance declarations” for details.

The flag -fwarn-orphans warns about user-written orphan rules or instances. The flag -fwarn-auto-orphans warns about automatically-generated orphan rules, notably as a result of specialising functions, for type classes (Specialise) or argument values (SpecConstr).

By default, the compiler will warn you if a set of patterns are overlapping, e.g.,

f :: String -> Int
f []     = 0
f (_:xs) = 1
f "2"    = 2

where the last pattern match in f won't ever be reached, as the second pattern overlaps it. More often than not, redundant patterns is a programmer mistake/error, so this option is enabled by default.

Have the compiler warn if there are tabs in your source file.

This warning is off by default.

Have the compiler warn/inform you where in your source the Haskell defaulting mechanism for numeric types kicks in. This is useful information when converting code from a context that assumed one default into one with another, e.g., the ‘default default’ for Haskell 1.4 caused the otherwise unconstrained value 1 to be given the type Int, whereas Haskell 98 and later defaults it to Integer. This may lead to differences in performance and behaviour, hence the usefulness of being non-silent about this.

This warning is off by default.

Have the compiler warn/inform you where in your source the Haskell Monomorphism Restriction is applied. If applied silently the MR can give rise to unexpected behaviour, so it can be helpful to have an explicit warning that it is being applied.

This warning is off by default.

Report any function definitions (and local bindings) which are unused. For top-level functions, the warning is only given if the binding is not exported.

A definition is regarded as "used" if (a) it is exported, or (b) it is mentioned in the right hand side of another definition that is used, or (c) the function it defines begins with an underscore. The last case provides a way to suppress unused-binding warnings selectively.

Notice that a variable is reported as unused even if it appears in the right-hand side of another unused binding.

Report any modules that are explicitly imported but never used. However, the form import M() is never reported as an unused import, because it is a useful idiom for importing instance declarations, which are anonymous in Haskell.

Report all unused variables which arise from pattern matches, including patterns consisting of a single variable. For instance f x y = [] would report x and y as unused. The warning is suppressed if the variable name begins with an underscore, thus:

               f _x = True
            

Report expressions occurring in do and mdo blocks that appear to silently throw information away. For instance do { mapM popInt xs ; return 10 } would report the first statement in the do block as suspicious, as it has the type StackM [Int] and not StackM (), but that [Int] value is not bound to anything. The warning is suppressed by explicitly mentioning in the source code that your program is throwing something away:

               do { _ <- mapM popInt xs ; return 10 }
            

Of course, in this particular situation you can do even better:

               do { mapM_ popInt xs ; return 10 }
            

Report expressions occurring in do and mdo blocks that appear to lack a binding. For instance do { return (popInt 10) ; return 10 } would report the first statement in the do block as suspicious, as it has the type StackM (StackM Int) (which consists of two nested applications of the same monad constructor), but which is not then "unpacked" by binding the result. The warning is suppressed by explicitly mentioning in the source code that your program is throwing something away:

               do { _ <- return (popInt 10) ; return 10 }
            

For almost all sensible programs this will indicate a bug, and you probably intended to write:

               do { popInt 10 ; return 10 }