Copyright | (c) Daan Leijen 2002 (c) Andriy Palamarchuk 2008 |
---|---|
License | BSD-style |
Maintainer | libraries@haskell.org |
Stability | provisional |
Portability | portable |
Safe Haskell | Safe |
Language | Haskell98 |
Data.Map.Lazy
Contents
Description
An efficient implementation of ordered maps from keys to values (dictionaries).
API of this module is strict in the keys, but lazy in the values.
If you need value-strict maps, use Data.Map.Strict instead.
The Map
type itself is shared between the lazy and strict modules,
meaning that the same Map
value can be passed to functions in
both modules (although that is rarely needed).
These modules are intended to be imported qualified, to avoid name clashes with Prelude functions, e.g.
import qualified Data.Map.Lazy as Map
The implementation of Map
is based on size balanced binary trees (or
trees of bounded balance) as described by:
- Stephen Adams, "Efficient sets: a balancing act",
Journal of Functional Programming 3(4):553-562, October 1993,
http://www.swiss.ai.mit.edu/~adams/BB/.
- J. Nievergelt and E.M. Reingold, "Binary search trees of bounded balance", SIAM journal of computing 2(1), March 1973.
Note that the implementation is left-biased -- the elements of a
first argument are always preferred to the second, for example in
union
or insert
.
Operation comments contain the operation time complexity in the Big-O notation (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Big_O_notation).
- data Map k a
- (!) :: Ord k => Map k a -> k -> a
- (\\) :: Ord k => Map k a -> Map k b -> Map k a
- null :: Map k a -> Bool
- size :: Map k a -> Int
- member :: Ord k => k -> Map k a -> Bool
- notMember :: Ord k => k -> Map k a -> Bool
- lookup :: Ord k => k -> Map k a -> Maybe a
- findWithDefault :: Ord k => a -> k -> Map k a -> a
- lookupLT :: Ord k => k -> Map k v -> Maybe (k, v)
- lookupGT :: Ord k => k -> Map k v -> Maybe (k, v)
- lookupLE :: Ord k => k -> Map k v -> Maybe (k, v)
- lookupGE :: Ord k => k -> Map k v -> Maybe (k, v)
- empty :: Map k a
- singleton :: k -> a -> Map k a
- insert :: Ord k => k -> a -> Map k a -> Map k a
- insertWith :: Ord k => (a -> a -> a) -> k -> a -> Map k a -> Map k a
- insertWithKey :: Ord k => (k -> a -> a -> a) -> k -> a -> Map k a -> Map k a
- insertLookupWithKey :: Ord k => (k -> a -> a -> a) -> k -> a -> Map k a -> (Maybe a, Map k a)
- delete :: Ord k => k -> Map k a -> Map k a
- adjust :: Ord k => (a -> a) -> k -> Map k a -> Map k a
- adjustWithKey :: Ord k => (k -> a -> a) -> k -> Map k a -> Map k a
- update :: Ord k => (a -> Maybe a) -> k -> Map k a -> Map k a
- updateWithKey :: Ord k => (k -> a -> Maybe a) -> k -> Map k a -> Map k a
- updateLookupWithKey :: Ord k => (k -> a -> Maybe a) -> k -> Map k a -> (Maybe a, Map k a)
- alter :: Ord k => (Maybe a -> Maybe a) -> k -> Map k a -> Map k a
- union :: Ord k => Map k a -> Map k a -> Map k a
- unionWith :: Ord k => (a -> a -> a) -> Map k a -> Map k a -> Map k a
- unionWithKey :: Ord k => (k -> a -> a -> a) -> Map k a -> Map k a -> Map k a
- unions :: Ord k => [Map k a] -> Map k a
- unionsWith :: Ord k => (a -> a -> a) -> [Map k a] -> Map k a
- difference :: Ord k => Map k a -> Map k b -> Map k a
- differenceWith :: Ord k => (a -> b -> Maybe a) -> Map k a -> Map k b -> Map k a
- differenceWithKey :: Ord k => (k -> a -> b -> Maybe a) -> Map k a -> Map k b -> Map k a
- intersection :: Ord k => Map k a -> Map k b -> Map k a
- intersectionWith :: Ord k => (a -> b -> c) -> Map k a -> Map k b -> Map k c
- intersectionWithKey :: Ord k => (k -> a -> b -> c) -> Map k a -> Map k b -> Map k c
- mergeWithKey :: Ord k => (k -> a -> b -> Maybe c) -> (Map k a -> Map k c) -> (Map k b -> Map k c) -> Map k a -> Map k b -> Map k c
- map :: (a -> b) -> Map k a -> Map k b
- mapWithKey :: (k -> a -> b) -> Map k a -> Map k b
- traverseWithKey :: Applicative t => (k -> a -> t b) -> Map k a -> t (Map k b)
- mapAccum :: (a -> b -> (a, c)) -> a -> Map k b -> (a, Map k c)
- mapAccumWithKey :: (a -> k -> b -> (a, c)) -> a -> Map k b -> (a, Map k c)
- mapAccumRWithKey :: (a -> k -> b -> (a, c)) -> a -> Map k b -> (a, Map k c)
- mapKeys :: Ord k2 => (k1 -> k2) -> Map k1 a -> Map k2 a
- mapKeysWith :: Ord k2 => (a -> a -> a) -> (k1 -> k2) -> Map k1 a -> Map k2 a
- mapKeysMonotonic :: (k1 -> k2) -> Map k1 a -> Map k2 a
- foldr :: (a -> b -> b) -> b -> Map k a -> b
- foldl :: (a -> b -> a) -> a -> Map k b -> a
- foldrWithKey :: (k -> a -> b -> b) -> b -> Map k a -> b
- foldlWithKey :: (a -> k -> b -> a) -> a -> Map k b -> a
- foldMapWithKey :: Monoid m => (k -> a -> m) -> Map k a -> m
- foldr' :: (a -> b -> b) -> b -> Map k a -> b
- foldl' :: (a -> b -> a) -> a -> Map k b -> a
- foldrWithKey' :: (k -> a -> b -> b) -> b -> Map k a -> b
- foldlWithKey' :: (a -> k -> b -> a) -> a -> Map k b -> a
- elems :: Map k a -> [a]
- keys :: Map k a -> [k]
- assocs :: Map k a -> [(k, a)]
- keysSet :: Map k a -> Set k
- fromSet :: (k -> a) -> Set k -> Map k a
- toList :: Map k a -> [(k, a)]
- fromList :: Ord k => [(k, a)] -> Map k a
- fromListWith :: Ord k => (a -> a -> a) -> [(k, a)] -> Map k a
- fromListWithKey :: Ord k => (k -> a -> a -> a) -> [(k, a)] -> Map k a
- toAscList :: Map k a -> [(k, a)]
- toDescList :: Map k a -> [(k, a)]
- fromAscList :: Eq k => [(k, a)] -> Map k a
- fromAscListWith :: Eq k => (a -> a -> a) -> [(k, a)] -> Map k a
- fromAscListWithKey :: Eq k => (k -> a -> a -> a) -> [(k, a)] -> Map k a
- fromDistinctAscList :: [(k, a)] -> Map k a
- filter :: (a -> Bool) -> Map k a -> Map k a
- filterWithKey :: (k -> a -> Bool) -> Map k a -> Map k a
- partition :: (a -> Bool) -> Map k a -> (Map k a, Map k a)
- partitionWithKey :: (k -> a -> Bool) -> Map k a -> (Map k a, Map k a)
- mapMaybe :: (a -> Maybe b) -> Map k a -> Map k b
- mapMaybeWithKey :: (k -> a -> Maybe b) -> Map k a -> Map k b
- mapEither :: (a -> Either b c) -> Map k a -> (Map k b, Map k c)
- mapEitherWithKey :: (k -> a -> Either b c) -> Map k a -> (Map k b, Map k c)
- split :: Ord k => k -> Map k a -> (Map k a, Map k a)
- splitLookup :: Ord k => k -> Map k a -> (Map k a, Maybe a, Map k a)
- splitRoot :: Map k b -> [Map k b]
- isSubmapOf :: (Ord k, Eq a) => Map k a -> Map k a -> Bool
- isSubmapOfBy :: Ord k => (a -> b -> Bool) -> Map k a -> Map k b -> Bool
- isProperSubmapOf :: (Ord k, Eq a) => Map k a -> Map k a -> Bool
- isProperSubmapOfBy :: Ord k => (a -> b -> Bool) -> Map k a -> Map k b -> Bool
- lookupIndex :: Ord k => k -> Map k a -> Maybe Int
- findIndex :: Ord k => k -> Map k a -> Int
- elemAt :: Int -> Map k a -> (k, a)
- updateAt :: (k -> a -> Maybe a) -> Int -> Map k a -> Map k a
- deleteAt :: Int -> Map k a -> Map k a
- findMin :: Map k a -> (k, a)
- findMax :: Map k a -> (k, a)
- deleteMin :: Map k a -> Map k a
- deleteMax :: Map k a -> Map k a
- deleteFindMin :: Map k a -> ((k, a), Map k a)
- deleteFindMax :: Map k a -> ((k, a), Map k a)
- updateMin :: (a -> Maybe a) -> Map k a -> Map k a
- updateMax :: (a -> Maybe a) -> Map k a -> Map k a
- updateMinWithKey :: (k -> a -> Maybe a) -> Map k a -> Map k a
- updateMaxWithKey :: (k -> a -> Maybe a) -> Map k a -> Map k a
- minView :: Map k a -> Maybe (a, Map k a)
- maxView :: Map k a -> Maybe (a, Map k a)
- minViewWithKey :: Map k a -> Maybe ((k, a), Map k a)
- maxViewWithKey :: Map k a -> Maybe ((k, a), Map k a)
- showTree :: (Show k, Show a) => Map k a -> String
- showTreeWith :: (k -> a -> String) -> Bool -> Bool -> Map k a -> String
- valid :: Ord k => Map k a -> Bool
Strictness properties
This module satisfies the following strictness property:
- Key arguments are evaluated to WHNF
Here are some examples that illustrate the property:
insertWith (\ new old -> old) undefined v m == undefined insertWith (\ new old -> old) k undefined m == OK delete undefined m == undefined
Map type
A Map from keys k
to values a
.
Instances
Functor (Map k) | |
Foldable (Map k) | |
Traversable (Map k) | |
(Eq k, Eq a) => Eq (Map k a) | |
(Data k, Data a, Ord k) => Data (Map k a) | |
(Ord k, Ord v) => Ord (Map k v) | |
(Ord k, Read k, Read e) => Read (Map k e) | |
(Show k, Show a) => Show (Map k a) | |
Ord k => Monoid (Map k v) | |
(NFData k, NFData a) => NFData (Map k a) | |
Typeable (* -> * -> *) Map |
Operators
(!) :: Ord k => Map k a -> k -> a Source
O(log n). Find the value at a key.
Calls error
when the element can not be found.
fromList [(5,'a'), (3,'b')] ! 1 Error: element not in the map fromList [(5,'a'), (3,'b')] ! 5 == 'a'
Query
null :: Map k a -> Bool Source
O(1). Is the map empty?
Data.Map.null (empty) == True Data.Map.null (singleton 1 'a') == False
O(1). The number of elements in the map.
size empty == 0 size (singleton 1 'a') == 1 size (fromList([(1,'a'), (2,'c'), (3,'b')])) == 3
member :: Ord k => k -> Map k a -> Bool Source
O(log n). Is the key a member of the map? See also notMember
.
member 5 (fromList [(5,'a'), (3,'b')]) == True member 1 (fromList [(5,'a'), (3,'b')]) == False
notMember :: Ord k => k -> Map k a -> Bool Source
O(log n). Is the key not a member of the map? See also member
.
notMember 5 (fromList [(5,'a'), (3,'b')]) == False notMember 1 (fromList [(5,'a'), (3,'b')]) == True
lookup :: Ord k => k -> Map k a -> Maybe a Source
O(log n). Lookup the value at a key in the map.
The function will return the corresponding value as (
,
or Just
value)Nothing
if the key isn't in the map.
An example of using lookup
:
import Prelude hiding (lookup) import Data.Map employeeDept = fromList([("John","Sales"), ("Bob","IT")]) deptCountry = fromList([("IT","USA"), ("Sales","France")]) countryCurrency = fromList([("USA", "Dollar"), ("France", "Euro")]) employeeCurrency :: String -> Maybe String employeeCurrency name = do dept <- lookup name employeeDept country <- lookup dept deptCountry lookup country countryCurrency main = do putStrLn $ "John's currency: " ++ (show (employeeCurrency "John")) putStrLn $ "Pete's currency: " ++ (show (employeeCurrency "Pete"))
The output of this program:
John's currency: Just "Euro" Pete's currency: Nothing
findWithDefault :: Ord k => a -> k -> Map k a -> a Source
O(log n). The expression (
returns
the value at key findWithDefault
def k map)k
or returns default value def
when the key is not in the map.
findWithDefault 'x' 1 (fromList [(5,'a'), (3,'b')]) == 'x' findWithDefault 'x' 5 (fromList [(5,'a'), (3,'b')]) == 'a'
lookupLT :: Ord k => k -> Map k v -> Maybe (k, v) Source
O(log n). Find largest key smaller than the given one and return the corresponding (key, value) pair.
lookupLT 3 (fromList [(3,'a'), (5,'b')]) == Nothing lookupLT 4 (fromList [(3,'a'), (5,'b')]) == Just (3, 'a')
lookupGT :: Ord k => k -> Map k v -> Maybe (k, v) Source
O(log n). Find smallest key greater than the given one and return the corresponding (key, value) pair.
lookupGT 4 (fromList [(3,'a'), (5,'b')]) == Just (5, 'b') lookupGT 5 (fromList [(3,'a'), (5,'b')]) == Nothing
lookupLE :: Ord k => k -> Map k v -> Maybe (k, v) Source
O(log n). Find largest key smaller or equal to the given one and return the corresponding (key, value) pair.
lookupLE 2 (fromList [(3,'a'), (5,'b')]) == Nothing lookupLE 4 (fromList [(3,'a'), (5,'b')]) == Just (3, 'a') lookupLE 5 (fromList [(3,'a'), (5,'b')]) == Just (5, 'b')
lookupGE :: Ord k => k -> Map k v -> Maybe (k, v) Source
O(log n). Find smallest key greater or equal to the given one and return the corresponding (key, value) pair.
lookupGE 3 (fromList [(3,'a'), (5,'b')]) == Just (3, 'a') lookupGE 4 (fromList [(3,'a'), (5,'b')]) == Just (5, 'b') lookupGE 6 (fromList [(3,'a'), (5,'b')]) == Nothing
Construction
singleton :: k -> a -> Map k a Source
O(1). A map with a single element.
singleton 1 'a' == fromList [(1, 'a')] size (singleton 1 'a') == 1
Insertion
insert :: Ord k => k -> a -> Map k a -> Map k a Source
O(log n). Insert a new key and value in the map.
If the key is already present in the map, the associated value is
replaced with the supplied value. insert
is equivalent to
.insertWith
const
insert 5 'x' (fromList [(5,'a'), (3,'b')]) == fromList [(3, 'b'), (5, 'x')] insert 7 'x' (fromList [(5,'a'), (3,'b')]) == fromList [(3, 'b'), (5, 'a'), (7, 'x')] insert 5 'x' empty == singleton 5 'x'
insertWith :: Ord k => (a -> a -> a) -> k -> a -> Map k a -> Map k a Source
O(log n). Insert with a function, combining new value and old value.
will insert the pair (key, value) into insertWith
f key value mpmp
if key does
not exist in the map. If the key does exist, the function will
insert the pair (key, f new_value old_value)
.
insertWith (++) 5 "xxx" (fromList [(5,"a"), (3,"b")]) == fromList [(3, "b"), (5, "xxxa")] insertWith (++) 7 "xxx" (fromList [(5,"a"), (3,"b")]) == fromList [(3, "b"), (5, "a"), (7, "xxx")] insertWith (++) 5 "xxx" empty == singleton 5 "xxx"
insertWithKey :: Ord k => (k -> a -> a -> a) -> k -> a -> Map k a -> Map k a Source
O(log n). Insert with a function, combining key, new value and old value.
will insert the pair (key, value) into insertWithKey
f key value mpmp
if key does
not exist in the map. If the key does exist, the function will
insert the pair (key,f key new_value old_value)
.
Note that the key passed to f is the same key passed to insertWithKey
.
let f key new_value old_value = (show key) ++ ":" ++ new_value ++ "|" ++ old_value insertWithKey f 5 "xxx" (fromList [(5,"a"), (3,"b")]) == fromList [(3, "b"), (5, "5:xxx|a")] insertWithKey f 7 "xxx" (fromList [(5,"a"), (3,"b")]) == fromList [(3, "b"), (5, "a"), (7, "xxx")] insertWithKey f 5 "xxx" empty == singleton 5 "xxx"
insertLookupWithKey :: Ord k => (k -> a -> a -> a) -> k -> a -> Map k a -> (Maybe a, Map k a) Source
O(log n). Combines insert operation with old value retrieval.
The expression (
)
is a pair where the first element is equal to (insertLookupWithKey
f k x map
)
and the second element equal to (lookup
k map
).insertWithKey
f k x map
let f key new_value old_value = (show key) ++ ":" ++ new_value ++ "|" ++ old_value insertLookupWithKey f 5 "xxx" (fromList [(5,"a"), (3,"b")]) == (Just "a", fromList [(3, "b"), (5, "5:xxx|a")]) insertLookupWithKey f 7 "xxx" (fromList [(5,"a"), (3,"b")]) == (Nothing, fromList [(3, "b"), (5, "a"), (7, "xxx")]) insertLookupWithKey f 5 "xxx" empty == (Nothing, singleton 5 "xxx")
This is how to define insertLookup
using insertLookupWithKey
:
let insertLookup kx x t = insertLookupWithKey (\_ a _ -> a) kx x t insertLookup 5 "x" (fromList [(5,"a"), (3,"b")]) == (Just "a", fromList [(3, "b"), (5, "x")]) insertLookup 7 "x" (fromList [(5,"a"), (3,"b")]) == (Nothing, fromList [(3, "b"), (5, "a"), (7, "x")])
Delete/Update
delete :: Ord k => k -> Map k a -> Map k a Source
O(log n). Delete a key and its value from the map. When the key is not a member of the map, the original map is returned.
delete 5 (fromList [(5,"a"), (3,"b")]) == singleton 3 "b" delete 7 (fromList [(5,"a"), (3,"b")]) == fromList [(3, "b"), (5, "a")] delete 5 empty == empty
adjust :: Ord k => (a -> a) -> k -> Map k a -> Map k a Source
O(log n). Update a value at a specific key with the result of the provided function. When the key is not a member of the map, the original map is returned.
adjust ("new " ++) 5 (fromList [(5,"a"), (3,"b")]) == fromList [(3, "b"), (5, "new a")] adjust ("new " ++) 7 (fromList [(5,"a"), (3,"b")]) == fromList [(3, "b"), (5, "a")] adjust ("new " ++) 7 empty == empty
adjustWithKey :: Ord k => (k -> a -> a) -> k -> Map k a -> Map k a Source
O(log n). Adjust a value at a specific key. When the key is not a member of the map, the original map is returned.
let f key x = (show key) ++ ":new " ++ x adjustWithKey f 5 (fromList [(5,"a"), (3,"b")]) == fromList [(3, "b"), (5, "5:new a")] adjustWithKey f 7 (fromList [(5,"a"), (3,"b")]) == fromList [(3, "b"), (5, "a")] adjustWithKey f 7 empty == empty
update :: Ord k => (a -> Maybe a) -> k -> Map k a -> Map k a Source
O(log n). The expression (
) updates the value update
f k mapx
at k
(if it is in the map). If (f x
) is Nothing
, the element is
deleted. If it is (
), the key Just
yk
is bound to the new value y
.
let f x = if x == "a" then Just "new a" else Nothing update f 5 (fromList [(5,"a"), (3,"b")]) == fromList [(3, "b"), (5, "new a")] update f 7 (fromList [(5,"a"), (3,"b")]) == fromList [(3, "b"), (5, "a")] update f 3 (fromList [(5,"a"), (3,"b")]) == singleton 5 "a"
updateWithKey :: Ord k => (k -> a -> Maybe a) -> k -> Map k a -> Map k a Source
O(log n). The expression (
) updates the
value updateWithKey
f k mapx
at k
(if it is in the map). If (f k x
) is Nothing
,
the element is deleted. If it is (
), the key Just
yk
is bound
to the new value y
.
let f k x = if x == "a" then Just ((show k) ++ ":new a") else Nothing updateWithKey f 5 (fromList [(5,"a"), (3,"b")]) == fromList [(3, "b"), (5, "5:new a")] updateWithKey f 7 (fromList [(5,"a"), (3,"b")]) == fromList [(3, "b"), (5, "a")] updateWithKey f 3 (fromList [(5,"a"), (3,"b")]) == singleton 5 "a"
updateLookupWithKey :: Ord k => (k -> a -> Maybe a) -> k -> Map k a -> (Maybe a, Map k a) Source
O(log n). Lookup and update. See also updateWithKey
.
The function returns changed value, if it is updated.
Returns the original key value if the map entry is deleted.
let f k x = if x == "a" then Just ((show k) ++ ":new a") else Nothing updateLookupWithKey f 5 (fromList [(5,"a"), (3,"b")]) == (Just "5:new a", fromList [(3, "b"), (5, "5:new a")]) updateLookupWithKey f 7 (fromList [(5,"a"), (3,"b")]) == (Nothing, fromList [(3, "b"), (5, "a")]) updateLookupWithKey f 3 (fromList [(5,"a"), (3,"b")]) == (Just "b", singleton 5 "a")
alter :: Ord k => (Maybe a -> Maybe a) -> k -> Map k a -> Map k a Source
O(log n). The expression (
) alters the value alter
f k mapx
at k
, or absence thereof.
alter
can be used to insert, delete, or update a value in a Map
.
In short :
.lookup
k (alter
f k m) = f (lookup
k m)
let f _ = Nothing alter f 7 (fromList [(5,"a"), (3,"b")]) == fromList [(3, "b"), (5, "a")] alter f 5 (fromList [(5,"a"), (3,"b")]) == singleton 3 "b" let f _ = Just "c" alter f 7 (fromList [(5,"a"), (3,"b")]) == fromList [(3, "b"), (5, "a"), (7, "c")] alter f 5 (fromList [(5,"a"), (3,"b")]) == fromList [(3, "b"), (5, "c")]
Combine
Union
union :: Ord k => Map k a -> Map k a -> Map k a Source
O(n+m).
The expression (
) takes the left-biased union of union
t1 t2t1
and t2
.
It prefers t1
when duplicate keys are encountered,
i.e. (
).
The implementation uses the efficient hedge-union algorithm.union
== unionWith
const
union (fromList [(5, "a"), (3, "b")]) (fromList [(5, "A"), (7, "C")]) == fromList [(3, "b"), (5, "a"), (7, "C")]
unionWith :: Ord k => (a -> a -> a) -> Map k a -> Map k a -> Map k a Source
O(n+m). Union with a combining function. The implementation uses the efficient hedge-union algorithm.
unionWith (++) (fromList [(5, "a"), (3, "b")]) (fromList [(5, "A"), (7, "C")]) == fromList [(3, "b"), (5, "aA"), (7, "C")]
unionWithKey :: Ord k => (k -> a -> a -> a) -> Map k a -> Map k a -> Map k a Source
O(n+m). Union with a combining function. The implementation uses the efficient hedge-union algorithm.
let f key left_value right_value = (show key) ++ ":" ++ left_value ++ "|" ++ right_value unionWithKey f (fromList [(5, "a"), (3, "b")]) (fromList [(5, "A"), (7, "C")]) == fromList [(3, "b"), (5, "5:a|A"), (7, "C")]
unions :: Ord k => [Map k a] -> Map k a Source
The union of a list of maps:
(
).unions
== foldl
union
empty
unions [(fromList [(5, "a"), (3, "b")]), (fromList [(5, "A"), (7, "C")]), (fromList [(5, "A3"), (3, "B3")])] == fromList [(3, "b"), (5, "a"), (7, "C")] unions [(fromList [(5, "A3"), (3, "B3")]), (fromList [(5, "A"), (7, "C")]), (fromList [(5, "a"), (3, "b")])] == fromList [(3, "B3"), (5, "A3"), (7, "C")]
unionsWith :: Ord k => (a -> a -> a) -> [Map k a] -> Map k a Source
The union of a list of maps, with a combining operation:
(
).unionsWith
f == foldl
(unionWith
f) empty
unionsWith (++) [(fromList [(5, "a"), (3, "b")]), (fromList [(5, "A"), (7, "C")]), (fromList [(5, "A3"), (3, "B3")])] == fromList [(3, "bB3"), (5, "aAA3"), (7, "C")]
Difference
difference :: Ord k => Map k a -> Map k b -> Map k a Source
O(n+m). Difference of two maps. Return elements of the first map not existing in the second map. The implementation uses an efficient hedge algorithm comparable with hedge-union.
difference (fromList [(5, "a"), (3, "b")]) (fromList [(5, "A"), (7, "C")]) == singleton 3 "b"
differenceWith :: Ord k => (a -> b -> Maybe a) -> Map k a -> Map k b -> Map k a Source
O(n+m). Difference with a combining function.
When two equal keys are
encountered, the combining function is applied to the values of these keys.
If it returns Nothing
, the element is discarded (proper set difference). If
it returns (
), the element is updated with a new value Just
yy
.
The implementation uses an efficient hedge algorithm comparable with hedge-union.
let f al ar = if al == "b" then Just (al ++ ":" ++ ar) else Nothing differenceWith f (fromList [(5, "a"), (3, "b")]) (fromList [(5, "A"), (3, "B"), (7, "C")]) == singleton 3 "b:B"
differenceWithKey :: Ord k => (k -> a -> b -> Maybe a) -> Map k a -> Map k b -> Map k a Source
O(n+m). Difference with a combining function. When two equal keys are
encountered, the combining function is applied to the key and both values.
If it returns Nothing
, the element is discarded (proper set difference). If
it returns (
), the element is updated with a new value Just
yy
.
The implementation uses an efficient hedge algorithm comparable with hedge-union.
let f k al ar = if al == "b" then Just ((show k) ++ ":" ++ al ++ "|" ++ ar) else Nothing differenceWithKey f (fromList [(5, "a"), (3, "b")]) (fromList [(5, "A"), (3, "B"), (10, "C")]) == singleton 3 "3:b|B"
Intersection
intersection :: Ord k => Map k a -> Map k b -> Map k a Source
O(n+m). Intersection of two maps.
Return data in the first map for the keys existing in both maps.
(
).
The implementation uses an efficient hedge algorithm comparable with
hedge-union.intersection
m1 m2 == intersectionWith
const
m1 m2
intersection (fromList [(5, "a"), (3, "b")]) (fromList [(5, "A"), (7, "C")]) == singleton 5 "a"
intersectionWith :: Ord k => (a -> b -> c) -> Map k a -> Map k b -> Map k c Source
O(n+m). Intersection with a combining function. The implementation uses an efficient hedge algorithm comparable with hedge-union.
intersectionWith (++) (fromList [(5, "a"), (3, "b")]) (fromList [(5, "A"), (7, "C")]) == singleton 5 "aA"
intersectionWithKey :: Ord k => (k -> a -> b -> c) -> Map k a -> Map k b -> Map k c Source
O(n+m). Intersection with a combining function. The implementation uses an efficient hedge algorithm comparable with hedge-union.
let f k al ar = (show k) ++ ":" ++ al ++ "|" ++ ar intersectionWithKey f (fromList [(5, "a"), (3, "b")]) (fromList [(5, "A"), (7, "C")]) == singleton 5 "5:a|A"
Universal combining function
mergeWithKey :: Ord k => (k -> a -> b -> Maybe c) -> (Map k a -> Map k c) -> (Map k b -> Map k c) -> Map k a -> Map k b -> Map k c Source
O(n+m). A high-performance universal combining function. This function
is used to define unionWith
, unionWithKey
, differenceWith
,
differenceWithKey
, intersectionWith
, intersectionWithKey
and can be
used to define other custom combine functions.
Please make sure you know what is going on when using mergeWithKey
,
otherwise you can be surprised by unexpected code growth or even
corruption of the data structure.
When mergeWithKey
is given three arguments, it is inlined to the call
site. You should therefore use mergeWithKey
only to define your custom
combining functions. For example, you could define unionWithKey
,
differenceWithKey
and intersectionWithKey
as
myUnionWithKey f m1 m2 = mergeWithKey (\k x1 x2 -> Just (f k x1 x2)) id id m1 m2 myDifferenceWithKey f m1 m2 = mergeWithKey f id (const empty) m1 m2 myIntersectionWithKey f m1 m2 = mergeWithKey (\k x1 x2 -> Just (f k x1 x2)) (const empty) (const empty) m1 m2
When calling
, a function combining two
mergeWithKey
combine only1 only2IntMap
s is created, such that
- if a key is present in both maps, it is passed with both corresponding
values to the
combine
function. Depending on the result, the key is either present in the result with specified value, or is left out; - a nonempty subtree present only in the first map is passed to
only1
and the output is added to the result; - a nonempty subtree present only in the second map is passed to
only2
and the output is added to the result.
The only1
and only2
methods must return a map with a subset (possibly empty) of the keys of the given map.
The values can be modified arbitrarily. Most common variants of only1
and
only2
are id
and
, but for example const
empty
or
map
f
could be used for any filterWithKey
ff
.
Traversal
Map
map :: (a -> b) -> Map k a -> Map k b Source
O(n). Map a function over all values in the map.
map (++ "x") (fromList [(5,"a"), (3,"b")]) == fromList [(3, "bx"), (5, "ax")]
mapWithKey :: (k -> a -> b) -> Map k a -> Map k b Source
O(n). Map a function over all values in the map.
let f key x = (show key) ++ ":" ++ x mapWithKey f (fromList [(5,"a"), (3,"b")]) == fromList [(3, "3:b"), (5, "5:a")]
traverseWithKey :: Applicative t => (k -> a -> t b) -> Map k a -> t (Map k b) Source
O(n).
That is, behaves exactly like a regular traverseWithKey
f s == fromList
$ traverse
((k, v) -> (,) k $ f k v) (toList
m)traverse
except that the traversing
function also has access to the key associated with a value.
traverseWithKey (\k v -> if odd k then Just (succ v) else Nothing) (fromList [(1, 'a'), (5, 'e')]) == Just (fromList [(1, 'b'), (5, 'f')]) traverseWithKey (\k v -> if odd k then Just (succ v) else Nothing) (fromList [(2, 'c')]) == Nothing
mapAccum :: (a -> b -> (a, c)) -> a -> Map k b -> (a, Map k c) Source
O(n). The function mapAccum
threads an accumulating
argument through the map in ascending order of keys.
let f a b = (a ++ b, b ++ "X") mapAccum f "Everything: " (fromList [(5,"a"), (3,"b")]) == ("Everything: ba", fromList [(3, "bX"), (5, "aX")])
mapAccumWithKey :: (a -> k -> b -> (a, c)) -> a -> Map k b -> (a, Map k c) Source
O(n). The function mapAccumWithKey
threads an accumulating
argument through the map in ascending order of keys.
let f a k b = (a ++ " " ++ (show k) ++ "-" ++ b, b ++ "X") mapAccumWithKey f "Everything:" (fromList [(5,"a"), (3,"b")]) == ("Everything: 3-b 5-a", fromList [(3, "bX"), (5, "aX")])
mapAccumRWithKey :: (a -> k -> b -> (a, c)) -> a -> Map k b -> (a, Map k c) Source
O(n). The function mapAccumR
threads an accumulating
argument through the map in descending order of keys.
mapKeys :: Ord k2 => (k1 -> k2) -> Map k1 a -> Map k2 a Source
O(n*log n).
is the map obtained by applying mapKeys
f sf
to each key of s
.
The size of the result may be smaller if f
maps two or more distinct
keys to the same new key. In this case the value at the greatest of the
original keys is retained.
mapKeys (+ 1) (fromList [(5,"a"), (3,"b")]) == fromList [(4, "b"), (6, "a")] mapKeys (\ _ -> 1) (fromList [(1,"b"), (2,"a"), (3,"d"), (4,"c")]) == singleton 1 "c" mapKeys (\ _ -> 3) (fromList [(1,"b"), (2,"a"), (3,"d"), (4,"c")]) == singleton 3 "c"
mapKeysWith :: Ord k2 => (a -> a -> a) -> (k1 -> k2) -> Map k1 a -> Map k2 a Source
O(n*log n).
is the map obtained by applying mapKeysWith
c f sf
to each key of s
.
The size of the result may be smaller if f
maps two or more distinct
keys to the same new key. In this case the associated values will be
combined using c
.
mapKeysWith (++) (\ _ -> 1) (fromList [(1,"b"), (2,"a"), (3,"d"), (4,"c")]) == singleton 1 "cdab" mapKeysWith (++) (\ _ -> 3) (fromList [(1,"b"), (2,"a"), (3,"d"), (4,"c")]) == singleton 3 "cdab"
mapKeysMonotonic :: (k1 -> k2) -> Map k1 a -> Map k2 a Source
O(n).
, but works only when mapKeysMonotonic
f s == mapKeys
f sf
is strictly monotonic.
That is, for any values x
and y
, if x
< y
then f x
< f y
.
The precondition is not checked.
Semi-formally, we have:
and [x < y ==> f x < f y | x <- ls, y <- ls] ==> mapKeysMonotonic f s == mapKeys f s where ls = keys s
This means that f
maps distinct original keys to distinct resulting keys.
This function has better performance than mapKeys
.
mapKeysMonotonic (\ k -> k * 2) (fromList [(5,"a"), (3,"b")]) == fromList [(6, "b"), (10, "a")] valid (mapKeysMonotonic (\ k -> k * 2) (fromList [(5,"a"), (3,"b")])) == True valid (mapKeysMonotonic (\ _ -> 1) (fromList [(5,"a"), (3,"b")])) == False
Folds
foldrWithKey :: (k -> a -> b -> b) -> b -> Map k a -> b Source
O(n). Fold the keys and values in the map using the given right-associative
binary operator, such that
.foldrWithKey
f z == foldr
(uncurry
f) z . toAscList
For example,
keys map = foldrWithKey (\k x ks -> k:ks) [] map
let f k a result = result ++ "(" ++ (show k) ++ ":" ++ a ++ ")" foldrWithKey f "Map: " (fromList [(5,"a"), (3,"b")]) == "Map: (5:a)(3:b)"
foldlWithKey :: (a -> k -> b -> a) -> a -> Map k b -> a Source
O(n). Fold the keys and values in the map using the given left-associative
binary operator, such that
.foldlWithKey
f z == foldl
(\z' (kx, x) -> f z' kx x) z . toAscList
For example,
keys = reverse . foldlWithKey (\ks k x -> k:ks) []
let f result k a = result ++ "(" ++ (show k) ++ ":" ++ a ++ ")" foldlWithKey f "Map: " (fromList [(5,"a"), (3,"b")]) == "Map: (3:b)(5:a)"
foldMapWithKey :: Monoid m => (k -> a -> m) -> Map k a -> m Source
O(n). Fold the keys and values in the map using the given monoid, such that
foldMapWithKey
f =fold
.mapWithKey
f
This can be an asymptotically faster than foldrWithKey
or foldlWithKey
for some monoids.
Strict folds
foldr' :: (a -> b -> b) -> b -> Map k a -> b Source
O(n). A strict version of foldr
. Each application of the operator is
evaluated before using the result in the next application. This
function is strict in the starting value.
foldl' :: (a -> b -> a) -> a -> Map k b -> a Source
O(n). A strict version of foldl
. Each application of the operator is
evaluated before using the result in the next application. This
function is strict in the starting value.
foldrWithKey' :: (k -> a -> b -> b) -> b -> Map k a -> b Source
O(n). A strict version of foldrWithKey
. Each application of the operator is
evaluated before using the result in the next application. This
function is strict in the starting value.
foldlWithKey' :: (a -> k -> b -> a) -> a -> Map k b -> a Source
O(n). A strict version of foldlWithKey
. Each application of the operator is
evaluated before using the result in the next application. This
function is strict in the starting value.
Conversion
elems :: Map k a -> [a] Source
O(n). Return all elements of the map in the ascending order of their keys. Subject to list fusion.
elems (fromList [(5,"a"), (3,"b")]) == ["b","a"] elems empty == []
O(n). Return all keys of the map in ascending order. Subject to list fusion.
keys (fromList [(5,"a"), (3,"b")]) == [3,5] keys empty == []
assocs :: Map k a -> [(k, a)] Source
O(n). An alias for toAscList
. Return all key/value pairs in the map
in ascending key order. Subject to list fusion.
assocs (fromList [(5,"a"), (3,"b")]) == [(3,"b"), (5,"a")] assocs empty == []
keysSet :: Map k a -> Set k Source
O(n). The set of all keys of the map.
keysSet (fromList [(5,"a"), (3,"b")]) == Data.Set.fromList [3,5] keysSet empty == Data.Set.empty
fromSet :: (k -> a) -> Set k -> Map k a Source
O(n). Build a map from a set of keys and a function which for each key computes its value.
fromSet (\k -> replicate k 'a') (Data.Set.fromList [3, 5]) == fromList [(5,"aaaaa"), (3,"aaa")] fromSet undefined Data.Set.empty == empty
Lists
toList :: Map k a -> [(k, a)] Source
O(n). Convert the map to a list of key/value pairs. Subject to list fusion.
toList (fromList [(5,"a"), (3,"b")]) == [(3,"b"), (5,"a")] toList empty == []
fromList :: Ord k => [(k, a)] -> Map k a Source
O(n*log n). Build a map from a list of key/value pairs. See also fromAscList
.
If the list contains more than one value for the same key, the last value
for the key is retained.
If the keys of the list are ordered, linear-time implementation is used,
with the performance equal to fromDistinctAscList
.
fromList [] == empty fromList [(5,"a"), (3,"b"), (5, "c")] == fromList [(5,"c"), (3,"b")] fromList [(5,"c"), (3,"b"), (5, "a")] == fromList [(5,"a"), (3,"b")]
fromListWith :: Ord k => (a -> a -> a) -> [(k, a)] -> Map k a Source
O(n*log n). Build a map from a list of key/value pairs with a combining function. See also fromAscListWith
.
fromListWith (++) [(5,"a"), (5,"b"), (3,"b"), (3,"a"), (5,"a")] == fromList [(3, "ab"), (5, "aba")] fromListWith (++) [] == empty
fromListWithKey :: Ord k => (k -> a -> a -> a) -> [(k, a)] -> Map k a Source
O(n*log n). Build a map from a list of key/value pairs with a combining function. See also fromAscListWithKey
.
let f k a1 a2 = (show k) ++ a1 ++ a2 fromListWithKey f [(5,"a"), (5,"b"), (3,"b"), (3,"a"), (5,"a")] == fromList [(3, "3ab"), (5, "5a5ba")] fromListWithKey f [] == empty
Ordered lists
toAscList :: Map k a -> [(k, a)] Source
O(n). Convert the map to a list of key/value pairs where the keys are in ascending order. Subject to list fusion.
toAscList (fromList [(5,"a"), (3,"b")]) == [(3,"b"), (5,"a")]
toDescList :: Map k a -> [(k, a)] Source
O(n). Convert the map to a list of key/value pairs where the keys are in descending order. Subject to list fusion.
toDescList (fromList [(5,"a"), (3,"b")]) == [(5,"a"), (3,"b")]
fromAscList :: Eq k => [(k, a)] -> Map k a Source
O(n). Build a map from an ascending list in linear time. The precondition (input list is ascending) is not checked.
fromAscList [(3,"b"), (5,"a")] == fromList [(3, "b"), (5, "a")] fromAscList [(3,"b"), (5,"a"), (5,"b")] == fromList [(3, "b"), (5, "b")] valid (fromAscList [(3,"b"), (5,"a"), (5,"b")]) == True valid (fromAscList [(5,"a"), (3,"b"), (5,"b")]) == False
fromAscListWith :: Eq k => (a -> a -> a) -> [(k, a)] -> Map k a Source
O(n). Build a map from an ascending list in linear time with a combining function for equal keys. The precondition (input list is ascending) is not checked.
fromAscListWith (++) [(3,"b"), (5,"a"), (5,"b")] == fromList [(3, "b"), (5, "ba")] valid (fromAscListWith (++) [(3,"b"), (5,"a"), (5,"b")]) == True valid (fromAscListWith (++) [(5,"a"), (3,"b"), (5,"b")]) == False
fromAscListWithKey :: Eq k => (k -> a -> a -> a) -> [(k, a)] -> Map k a Source
O(n). Build a map from an ascending list in linear time with a combining function for equal keys. The precondition (input list is ascending) is not checked.
let f k a1 a2 = (show k) ++ ":" ++ a1 ++ a2 fromAscListWithKey f [(3,"b"), (5,"a"), (5,"b"), (5,"b")] == fromList [(3, "b"), (5, "5:b5:ba")] valid (fromAscListWithKey f [(3,"b"), (5,"a"), (5,"b"), (5,"b")]) == True valid (fromAscListWithKey f [(5,"a"), (3,"b"), (5,"b"), (5,"b")]) == False
fromDistinctAscList :: [(k, a)] -> Map k a Source
O(n). Build a map from an ascending list of distinct elements in linear time. The precondition is not checked.
fromDistinctAscList [(3,"b"), (5,"a")] == fromList [(3, "b"), (5, "a")] valid (fromDistinctAscList [(3,"b"), (5,"a")]) == True valid (fromDistinctAscList [(3,"b"), (5,"a"), (5,"b")]) == False
Filter
filter :: (a -> Bool) -> Map k a -> Map k a Source
O(n). Filter all values that satisfy the predicate.
filter (> "a") (fromList [(5,"a"), (3,"b")]) == singleton 3 "b" filter (> "x") (fromList [(5,"a"), (3,"b")]) == empty filter (< "a") (fromList [(5,"a"), (3,"b")]) == empty
filterWithKey :: (k -> a -> Bool) -> Map k a -> Map k a Source
O(n). Filter all keys/values that satisfy the predicate.
filterWithKey (\k _ -> k > 4) (fromList [(5,"a"), (3,"b")]) == singleton 5 "a"
partition :: (a -> Bool) -> Map k a -> (Map k a, Map k a) Source
O(n). Partition the map according to a predicate. The first
map contains all elements that satisfy the predicate, the second all
elements that fail the predicate. See also split
.
partition (> "a") (fromList [(5,"a"), (3,"b")]) == (singleton 3 "b", singleton 5 "a") partition (< "x") (fromList [(5,"a"), (3,"b")]) == (fromList [(3, "b"), (5, "a")], empty) partition (> "x") (fromList [(5,"a"), (3,"b")]) == (empty, fromList [(3, "b"), (5, "a")])
partitionWithKey :: (k -> a -> Bool) -> Map k a -> (Map k a, Map k a) Source
O(n). Partition the map according to a predicate. The first
map contains all elements that satisfy the predicate, the second all
elements that fail the predicate. See also split
.
partitionWithKey (\ k _ -> k > 3) (fromList [(5,"a"), (3,"b")]) == (singleton 5 "a", singleton 3 "b") partitionWithKey (\ k _ -> k < 7) (fromList [(5,"a"), (3,"b")]) == (fromList [(3, "b"), (5, "a")], empty) partitionWithKey (\ k _ -> k > 7) (fromList [(5,"a"), (3,"b")]) == (empty, fromList [(3, "b"), (5, "a")])
mapMaybe :: (a -> Maybe b) -> Map k a -> Map k b Source
O(n). Map values and collect the Just
results.
let f x = if x == "a" then Just "new a" else Nothing mapMaybe f (fromList [(5,"a"), (3,"b")]) == singleton 5 "new a"
mapMaybeWithKey :: (k -> a -> Maybe b) -> Map k a -> Map k b Source
O(n). Map keys/values and collect the Just
results.
let f k _ = if k < 5 then Just ("key : " ++ (show k)) else Nothing mapMaybeWithKey f (fromList [(5,"a"), (3,"b")]) == singleton 3 "key : 3"
mapEither :: (a -> Either b c) -> Map k a -> (Map k b, Map k c) Source
O(n). Map values and separate the Left
and Right
results.
let f a = if a < "c" then Left a else Right a mapEither f (fromList [(5,"a"), (3,"b"), (1,"x"), (7,"z")]) == (fromList [(3,"b"), (5,"a")], fromList [(1,"x"), (7,"z")]) mapEither (\ a -> Right a) (fromList [(5,"a"), (3,"b"), (1,"x"), (7,"z")]) == (empty, fromList [(5,"a"), (3,"b"), (1,"x"), (7,"z")])
mapEitherWithKey :: (k -> a -> Either b c) -> Map k a -> (Map k b, Map k c) Source
O(n). Map keys/values and separate the Left
and Right
results.
let f k a = if k < 5 then Left (k * 2) else Right (a ++ a) mapEitherWithKey f (fromList [(5,"a"), (3,"b"), (1,"x"), (7,"z")]) == (fromList [(1,2), (3,6)], fromList [(5,"aa"), (7,"zz")]) mapEitherWithKey (\_ a -> Right a) (fromList [(5,"a"), (3,"b"), (1,"x"), (7,"z")]) == (empty, fromList [(1,"x"), (3,"b"), (5,"a"), (7,"z")])
split :: Ord k => k -> Map k a -> (Map k a, Map k a) Source
O(log n). The expression (
) is a pair split
k map(map1,map2)
where
the keys in map1
are smaller than k
and the keys in map2
larger than k
.
Any key equal to k
is found in neither map1
nor map2
.
split 2 (fromList [(5,"a"), (3,"b")]) == (empty, fromList [(3,"b"), (5,"a")]) split 3 (fromList [(5,"a"), (3,"b")]) == (empty, singleton 5 "a") split 4 (fromList [(5,"a"), (3,"b")]) == (singleton 3 "b", singleton 5 "a") split 5 (fromList [(5,"a"), (3,"b")]) == (singleton 3 "b", empty) split 6 (fromList [(5,"a"), (3,"b")]) == (fromList [(3,"b"), (5,"a")], empty)
splitLookup :: Ord k => k -> Map k a -> (Map k a, Maybe a, Map k a) Source
O(log n). The expression (
) splits a map just
like splitLookup
k mapsplit
but also returns
.lookup
k map
splitLookup 2 (fromList [(5,"a"), (3,"b")]) == (empty, Nothing, fromList [(3,"b"), (5,"a")]) splitLookup 3 (fromList [(5,"a"), (3,"b")]) == (empty, Just "b", singleton 5 "a") splitLookup 4 (fromList [(5,"a"), (3,"b")]) == (singleton 3 "b", Nothing, singleton 5 "a") splitLookup 5 (fromList [(5,"a"), (3,"b")]) == (singleton 3 "b", Just "a", empty) splitLookup 6 (fromList [(5,"a"), (3,"b")]) == (fromList [(3,"b"), (5,"a")], Nothing, empty)
splitRoot :: Map k b -> [Map k b] Source
O(1). Decompose a map into pieces based on the structure of the underlying tree. This function is useful for consuming a map in parallel.
No guarantee is made as to the sizes of the pieces; an internal, but deterministic process determines this. However, it is guaranteed that the pieces returned will be in ascending order (all elements in the first submap less than all elements in the second, and so on).
Examples:
splitRoot (fromList (zip [1..6] ['a'..])) == [fromList [(1,'a'),(2,'b'),(3,'c')],fromList [(4,'d')],fromList [(5,'e'),(6,'f')]]
splitRoot empty == []
Note that the current implementation does not return more than three submaps, but you should not depend on this behaviour because it can change in the future without notice.
Submap
isSubmapOf :: (Ord k, Eq a) => Map k a -> Map k a -> Bool Source
O(n+m).
This function is defined as (
).isSubmapOf
= isSubmapOfBy
(==)
isSubmapOfBy :: Ord k => (a -> b -> Bool) -> Map k a -> Map k b -> Bool Source
O(n+m).
The expression (
) returns isSubmapOfBy
f t1 t2True
if
all keys in t1
are in tree t2
, and when f
returns True
when
applied to their respective values. For example, the following
expressions are all True
:
isSubmapOfBy (==) (fromList [('a',1)]) (fromList [('a',1),('b',2)]) isSubmapOfBy (<=) (fromList [('a',1)]) (fromList [('a',1),('b',2)]) isSubmapOfBy (==) (fromList [('a',1),('b',2)]) (fromList [('a',1),('b',2)])
But the following are all False
:
isSubmapOfBy (==) (fromList [('a',2)]) (fromList [('a',1),('b',2)]) isSubmapOfBy (<) (fromList [('a',1)]) (fromList [('a',1),('b',2)]) isSubmapOfBy (==) (fromList [('a',1),('b',2)]) (fromList [('a',1)])
isProperSubmapOf :: (Ord k, Eq a) => Map k a -> Map k a -> Bool Source
O(n+m). Is this a proper submap? (ie. a submap but not equal).
Defined as (
).isProperSubmapOf
= isProperSubmapOfBy
(==)
isProperSubmapOfBy :: Ord k => (a -> b -> Bool) -> Map k a -> Map k b -> Bool Source
O(n+m). Is this a proper submap? (ie. a submap but not equal).
The expression (
) returns isProperSubmapOfBy
f m1 m2True
when
m1
and m2
are not equal,
all keys in m1
are in m2
, and when f
returns True
when
applied to their respective values. For example, the following
expressions are all True
:
isProperSubmapOfBy (==) (fromList [(1,1)]) (fromList [(1,1),(2,2)]) isProperSubmapOfBy (<=) (fromList [(1,1)]) (fromList [(1,1),(2,2)])
But the following are all False
:
isProperSubmapOfBy (==) (fromList [(1,1),(2,2)]) (fromList [(1,1),(2,2)]) isProperSubmapOfBy (==) (fromList [(1,1),(2,2)]) (fromList [(1,1)]) isProperSubmapOfBy (<) (fromList [(1,1)]) (fromList [(1,1),(2,2)])
Indexed
lookupIndex :: Ord k => k -> Map k a -> Maybe Int Source
O(log n). Lookup the index of a key, which is its zero-based index in
the sequence sorted by keys. The index is a number from 0 up to, but not
including, the size
of the map.
isJust (lookupIndex 2 (fromList [(5,"a"), (3,"b")])) == False fromJust (lookupIndex 3 (fromList [(5,"a"), (3,"b")])) == 0 fromJust (lookupIndex 5 (fromList [(5,"a"), (3,"b")])) == 1 isJust (lookupIndex 6 (fromList [(5,"a"), (3,"b")])) == False
findIndex :: Ord k => k -> Map k a -> Int Source
O(log n). Return the index of a key, which is its zero-based index in
the sequence sorted by keys. The index is a number from 0 up to, but not
including, the size
of the map. Calls error
when the key is not
a member
of the map.
findIndex 2 (fromList [(5,"a"), (3,"b")]) Error: element is not in the map findIndex 3 (fromList [(5,"a"), (3,"b")]) == 0 findIndex 5 (fromList [(5,"a"), (3,"b")]) == 1 findIndex 6 (fromList [(5,"a"), (3,"b")]) Error: element is not in the map
elemAt :: Int -> Map k a -> (k, a) Source
O(log n). Retrieve an element by its index, i.e. by its zero-based
index in the sequence sorted by keys. If the index is out of range (less
than zero, greater or equal to size
of the map), error
is called.
elemAt 0 (fromList [(5,"a"), (3,"b")]) == (3,"b") elemAt 1 (fromList [(5,"a"), (3,"b")]) == (5, "a") elemAt 2 (fromList [(5,"a"), (3,"b")]) Error: index out of range
updateAt :: (k -> a -> Maybe a) -> Int -> Map k a -> Map k a Source
O(log n). Update the element at index, i.e. by its zero-based index in
the sequence sorted by keys. If the index is out of range (less than zero,
greater or equal to size
of the map), error
is called.
updateAt (\ _ _ -> Just "x") 0 (fromList [(5,"a"), (3,"b")]) == fromList [(3, "x"), (5, "a")] updateAt (\ _ _ -> Just "x") 1 (fromList [(5,"a"), (3,"b")]) == fromList [(3, "b"), (5, "x")] updateAt (\ _ _ -> Just "x") 2 (fromList [(5,"a"), (3,"b")]) Error: index out of range updateAt (\ _ _ -> Just "x") (-1) (fromList [(5,"a"), (3,"b")]) Error: index out of range updateAt (\_ _ -> Nothing) 0 (fromList [(5,"a"), (3,"b")]) == singleton 5 "a" updateAt (\_ _ -> Nothing) 1 (fromList [(5,"a"), (3,"b")]) == singleton 3 "b" updateAt (\_ _ -> Nothing) 2 (fromList [(5,"a"), (3,"b")]) Error: index out of range updateAt (\_ _ -> Nothing) (-1) (fromList [(5,"a"), (3,"b")]) Error: index out of range
deleteAt :: Int -> Map k a -> Map k a Source
O(log n). Delete the element at index, i.e. by its zero-based index in
the sequence sorted by keys. If the index is out of range (less than zero,
greater or equal to size
of the map), error
is called.
deleteAt 0 (fromList [(5,"a"), (3,"b")]) == singleton 5 "a" deleteAt 1 (fromList [(5,"a"), (3,"b")]) == singleton 3 "b" deleteAt 2 (fromList [(5,"a"), (3,"b")]) Error: index out of range deleteAt (-1) (fromList [(5,"a"), (3,"b")]) Error: index out of range
Min/Max
findMin :: Map k a -> (k, a) Source
O(log n). The minimal key of the map. Calls error
if the map is empty.
findMin (fromList [(5,"a"), (3,"b")]) == (3,"b") findMin empty Error: empty map has no minimal element
findMax :: Map k a -> (k, a) Source
O(log n). The maximal key of the map. Calls error
if the map is empty.
findMax (fromList [(5,"a"), (3,"b")]) == (5,"a") findMax empty Error: empty map has no maximal element
deleteMin :: Map k a -> Map k a Source
O(log n). Delete the minimal key. Returns an empty map if the map is empty.
deleteMin (fromList [(5,"a"), (3,"b"), (7,"c")]) == fromList [(5,"a"), (7,"c")] deleteMin empty == empty
deleteMax :: Map k a -> Map k a Source
O(log n). Delete the maximal key. Returns an empty map if the map is empty.
deleteMax (fromList [(5,"a"), (3,"b"), (7,"c")]) == fromList [(3,"b"), (5,"a")] deleteMax empty == empty
deleteFindMin :: Map k a -> ((k, a), Map k a) Source
O(log n). Delete and find the minimal element.
deleteFindMin (fromList [(5,"a"), (3,"b"), (10,"c")]) == ((3,"b"), fromList[(5,"a"), (10,"c")]) deleteFindMin Error: can not return the minimal element of an empty map
deleteFindMax :: Map k a -> ((k, a), Map k a) Source
O(log n). Delete and find the maximal element.
deleteFindMax (fromList [(5,"a"), (3,"b"), (10,"c")]) == ((10,"c"), fromList [(3,"b"), (5,"a")]) deleteFindMax empty Error: can not return the maximal element of an empty map
updateMin :: (a -> Maybe a) -> Map k a -> Map k a Source
O(log n). Update the value at the minimal key.
updateMin (\ a -> Just ("X" ++ a)) (fromList [(5,"a"), (3,"b")]) == fromList [(3, "Xb"), (5, "a")] updateMin (\ _ -> Nothing) (fromList [(5,"a"), (3,"b")]) == singleton 5 "a"
updateMax :: (a -> Maybe a) -> Map k a -> Map k a Source
O(log n). Update the value at the maximal key.
updateMax (\ a -> Just ("X" ++ a)) (fromList [(5,"a"), (3,"b")]) == fromList [(3, "b"), (5, "Xa")] updateMax (\ _ -> Nothing) (fromList [(5,"a"), (3,"b")]) == singleton 3 "b"
updateMinWithKey :: (k -> a -> Maybe a) -> Map k a -> Map k a Source
O(log n). Update the value at the minimal key.
updateMinWithKey (\ k a -> Just ((show k) ++ ":" ++ a)) (fromList [(5,"a"), (3,"b")]) == fromList [(3,"3:b"), (5,"a")] updateMinWithKey (\ _ _ -> Nothing) (fromList [(5,"a"), (3,"b")]) == singleton 5 "a"
updateMaxWithKey :: (k -> a -> Maybe a) -> Map k a -> Map k a Source
O(log n). Update the value at the maximal key.
updateMaxWithKey (\ k a -> Just ((show k) ++ ":" ++ a)) (fromList [(5,"a"), (3,"b")]) == fromList [(3,"b"), (5,"5:a")] updateMaxWithKey (\ _ _ -> Nothing) (fromList [(5,"a"), (3,"b")]) == singleton 3 "b"
minView :: Map k a -> Maybe (a, Map k a) Source
O(log n). Retrieves the value associated with minimal key of the
map, and the map stripped of that element, or Nothing
if passed an
empty map.
minView (fromList [(5,"a"), (3,"b")]) == Just ("b", singleton 5 "a") minView empty == Nothing
maxView :: Map k a -> Maybe (a, Map k a) Source
O(log n). Retrieves the value associated with maximal key of the
map, and the map stripped of that element, or Nothing
if passed an
maxView (fromList [(5,"a"), (3,"b")]) == Just ("a", singleton 3 "b") maxView empty == Nothing
minViewWithKey :: Map k a -> Maybe ((k, a), Map k a) Source
O(log n). Retrieves the minimal (key,value) pair of the map, and
the map stripped of that element, or Nothing
if passed an empty map.
minViewWithKey (fromList [(5,"a"), (3,"b")]) == Just ((3,"b"), singleton 5 "a") minViewWithKey empty == Nothing
maxViewWithKey :: Map k a -> Maybe ((k, a), Map k a) Source
O(log n). Retrieves the maximal (key,value) pair of the map, and
the map stripped of that element, or Nothing
if passed an empty map.
maxViewWithKey (fromList [(5,"a"), (3,"b")]) == Just ((5,"a"), singleton 3 "b") maxViewWithKey empty == Nothing
Debugging
showTree :: (Show k, Show a) => Map k a -> String Source
O(n). Show the tree that implements the map. The tree is shown
in a compressed, hanging format. See showTreeWith
.
showTreeWith :: (k -> a -> String) -> Bool -> Bool -> Map k a -> String Source
O(n). The expression (
) shows
the tree that implements the map. Elements are shown using the showTreeWith
showelem hang wide mapshowElem
function. If hang
is
True
, a hanging tree is shown otherwise a rotated tree is shown. If
wide
is True
, an extra wide version is shown.
Map> let t = fromDistinctAscList [(x,()) | x <- [1..5]] Map> putStrLn $ showTreeWith (\k x -> show (k,x)) True False t (4,()) +--(2,()) | +--(1,()) | +--(3,()) +--(5,()) Map> putStrLn $ showTreeWith (\k x -> show (k,x)) True True t (4,()) | +--(2,()) | | | +--(1,()) | | | +--(3,()) | +--(5,()) Map> putStrLn $ showTreeWith (\k x -> show (k,x)) False True t +--(5,()) | (4,()) | | +--(3,()) | | +--(2,()) | +--(1,())