ghc-9.2.0.20210331: The GHC API
Safe HaskellSafe-Inferred
LanguageHaskell2010

GHC.Utils.Panic

Description

Defines basic functions for printing error messages.

It's hard to put these functions anywhere else without causing some unnecessary loops in the module dependency graph.

Synopsis

Documentation

data GhcException Source #

GHC's own exception type error messages all take the form:

     <location>: <error>
 

If the location is on the command line, or in GHC itself, then <location>="ghc". All of the error types below correspond to a <location> of "ghc", except for ProgramError (where the string is assumed to contain a location already, so we don't print one).

Constructors

Signal Int

Some other fatal signal (SIGHUP,SIGTERM)

UsageError String

Prints the short usage msg after the error

CmdLineError String

A problem with the command line arguments, but don't print usage.

Panic String

The impossible happened.

PprPanic String SDoc 
Sorry String

The user tickled something that's known not to work yet, but we're not counting it as a bug.

PprSorry String SDoc 
InstallationError String

An installation problem.

ProgramError String

An error in the user's code, probably.

PprProgramError String SDoc 

showGhcException :: SDocContext -> GhcException -> ShowS Source #

Append a description of the given exception to this string.

showGhcExceptionUnsafe :: GhcException -> ShowS Source #

Append a description of the given exception to this string.

Note that this uses defaultSDocContext, which doesn't use the options set by the user via DynFlags.

handleGhcException :: ExceptionMonad m => (GhcException -> m a) -> m a -> m a Source #

progName :: String Source #

The name of this GHC.

pgmError :: String -> a Source #

Panics and asserts.

panic :: String -> a Source #

Panics and asserts.

pprPanic :: HasCallStack => String -> SDoc -> a Source #

Throw an exception saying "bug in GHC" with a callstack

assertPanic :: String -> Int -> a Source #

Throw a failed assertion exception for a given filename and line number.

assertPprPanic :: HasCallStack => String -> Int -> SDoc -> a Source #

Panic with an assertion failure, recording the given file and line number. Should typically be accessed with the ASSERT family of macros

sorry :: String -> a Source #

Panics and asserts.

trace :: String -> a -> a Source #

The trace function outputs the trace message given as its first argument, before returning the second argument as its result.

For example, this returns the value of f x and outputs the message to stderr. Depending on your terminal (settings), they may or may not be mixed.

>>> let x = 123; f = show
>>> trace ("calling f with x = " ++ show x) (f x)
calling f with x = 123
"123"

The trace function should only be used for debugging, or for monitoring execution. The function is not referentially transparent: its type indicates that it is a pure function but it has the side effect of outputting the trace message.

panicDoc :: String -> SDoc -> a Source #

Throw an exception saying "bug in GHC"

sorryDoc :: String -> SDoc -> a Source #

Throw an exception saying "this isn't finished yet"

pgmErrorDoc :: String -> SDoc -> a Source #

Throw an exception saying "bug in pgm being compiled" (used for unusual program errors)

class (Typeable e, Show e) => Exception e where Source #

Any type that you wish to throw or catch as an exception must be an instance of the Exception class. The simplest case is a new exception type directly below the root:

data MyException = ThisException | ThatException
    deriving Show

instance Exception MyException

The default method definitions in the Exception class do what we need in this case. You can now throw and catch ThisException and ThatException as exceptions:

*Main> throw ThisException `catch` \e -> putStrLn ("Caught " ++ show (e :: MyException))
Caught ThisException

In more complicated examples, you may wish to define a whole hierarchy of exceptions:

---------------------------------------------------------------------
-- Make the root exception type for all the exceptions in a compiler

data SomeCompilerException = forall e . Exception e => SomeCompilerException e

instance Show SomeCompilerException where
    show (SomeCompilerException e) = show e

instance Exception SomeCompilerException

compilerExceptionToException :: Exception e => e -> SomeException
compilerExceptionToException = toException . SomeCompilerException

compilerExceptionFromException :: Exception e => SomeException -> Maybe e
compilerExceptionFromException x = do
    SomeCompilerException a <- fromException x
    cast a

---------------------------------------------------------------------
-- Make a subhierarchy for exceptions in the frontend of the compiler

data SomeFrontendException = forall e . Exception e => SomeFrontendException e

instance Show SomeFrontendException where
    show (SomeFrontendException e) = show e

instance Exception SomeFrontendException where
    toException = compilerExceptionToException
    fromException = compilerExceptionFromException

frontendExceptionToException :: Exception e => e -> SomeException
frontendExceptionToException = toException . SomeFrontendException

frontendExceptionFromException :: Exception e => SomeException -> Maybe e
frontendExceptionFromException x = do
    SomeFrontendException a <- fromException x
    cast a

---------------------------------------------------------------------
-- Make an exception type for a particular frontend compiler exception

data MismatchedParentheses = MismatchedParentheses
    deriving Show

instance Exception MismatchedParentheses where
    toException   = frontendExceptionToException
    fromException = frontendExceptionFromException

We can now catch a MismatchedParentheses exception as MismatchedParentheses, SomeFrontendException or SomeCompilerException, but not other types, e.g. IOException:

*Main> throw MismatchedParentheses `catch` \e -> putStrLn ("Caught " ++ show (e :: MismatchedParentheses))
Caught MismatchedParentheses
*Main> throw MismatchedParentheses `catch` \e -> putStrLn ("Caught " ++ show (e :: SomeFrontendException))
Caught MismatchedParentheses
*Main> throw MismatchedParentheses `catch` \e -> putStrLn ("Caught " ++ show (e :: SomeCompilerException))
Caught MismatchedParentheses
*Main> throw MismatchedParentheses `catch` \e -> putStrLn ("Caught " ++ show (e :: IOException))
*** Exception: MismatchedParentheses

Minimal complete definition

Nothing

Methods

toException :: e -> SomeException Source #

fromException :: SomeException -> Maybe e Source #

displayException :: e -> String Source #

Render this exception value in a human-friendly manner.

Default implementation: show.

Since: base-4.8.0.0

Instances

Instances details
Exception NestedAtomically

Since: base-4.0

Instance details

Defined in Control.Exception.Base

Exception NoMethodError

Since: base-4.0

Instance details

Defined in Control.Exception.Base

Exception NonTermination

Since: base-4.0

Instance details

Defined in Control.Exception.Base

Exception PatternMatchFail

Since: base-4.0

Instance details

Defined in Control.Exception.Base

Exception RecConError

Since: base-4.0

Instance details

Defined in Control.Exception.Base

Exception RecSelError

Since: base-4.0

Instance details

Defined in Control.Exception.Base

Exception RecUpdError

Since: base-4.0

Instance details

Defined in Control.Exception.Base

Exception TypeError

Since: base-4.9.0.0

Instance details

Defined in Control.Exception.Base

Exception Dynamic

Since: base-4.0.0.0

Instance details

Defined in Data.Dynamic

Exception Void

Since: base-4.8.0.0

Instance details

Defined in Data.Void

Exception ErrorCall

Since: base-4.0.0.0

Instance details

Defined in GHC.Exception

Exception ArithException

Since: base-4.0.0.0

Instance details

Defined in GHC.Exception.Type

Exception SomeException

Since: base-3.0

Instance details

Defined in GHC.Exception.Type

Exception AllocationLimitExceeded

Since: base-4.8.0.0

Instance details

Defined in GHC.IO.Exception

Exception ArrayException

Since: base-4.1.0.0

Instance details

Defined in GHC.IO.Exception

Exception AssertionFailed

Since: base-4.1.0.0

Instance details

Defined in GHC.IO.Exception

Exception AsyncException

Since: base-4.7.0.0

Instance details

Defined in GHC.IO.Exception

Exception BlockedIndefinitelyOnMVar

Since: base-4.1.0.0

Instance details

Defined in GHC.IO.Exception

Exception BlockedIndefinitelyOnSTM

Since: base-4.1.0.0

Instance details

Defined in GHC.IO.Exception

Exception CompactionFailed

Since: base-4.10.0.0

Instance details

Defined in GHC.IO.Exception

Exception Deadlock

Since: base-4.1.0.0

Instance details

Defined in GHC.IO.Exception

Exception ExitCode

Since: base-4.1.0.0

Instance details

Defined in GHC.IO.Exception

Exception FixIOException

Since: base-4.11.0.0

Instance details

Defined in GHC.IO.Exception

Exception IOException

Since: base-4.1.0.0

Instance details

Defined in GHC.IO.Exception

Exception SomeAsyncException

Since: base-4.7.0.0

Instance details

Defined in GHC.IO.Exception

Exception GhcApiError # 
Instance details

Defined in GHC

Exception IOEnvFailure # 
Instance details

Defined in GHC.Data.IOEnv

Exception SourceError # 
Instance details

Defined in GHC.Types.SourceError

Exception GhcException # 
Instance details

Defined in GHC.Utils.Panic

Exception PlainGhcException # 
Instance details

Defined in GHC.Utils.Panic.Plain

Exception SetupTermError 
Instance details

Defined in System.Console.Terminfo.Base

showException :: Exception e => e -> String Source #

Show an exception as a string.

safeShowException :: Exception e => e -> IO String Source #

Show an exception which can possibly throw other exceptions. Used when displaying exception thrown within TH code.

try :: Exception e => IO a -> IO (Either e a) Source #

Similar to catch, but returns an Either result which is (Right a) if no exception of type e was raised, or (Left ex) if an exception of type e was raised and its value is ex. If any other type of exception is raised then it will be propagated up to the next enclosing exception handler.

 try a = catch (Right `liftM` a) (return . Left)

tryMost :: IO a -> IO (Either SomeException a) Source #

Like try, but pass through UserInterrupt and Panic exceptions. Used when we want soft failures when reading interface files, for example. TODO: I'm not entirely sure if this is catching what we really want to catch

throwTo :: Exception e => ThreadId -> e -> IO () Source #

throwTo raises an arbitrary exception in the target thread (GHC only).

Exception delivery synchronizes between the source and target thread: throwTo does not return until the exception has been raised in the target thread. The calling thread can thus be certain that the target thread has received the exception. Exception delivery is also atomic with respect to other exceptions. Atomicity is a useful property to have when dealing with race conditions: e.g. if there are two threads that can kill each other, it is guaranteed that only one of the threads will get to kill the other.

Whatever work the target thread was doing when the exception was raised is not lost: the computation is suspended until required by another thread.

If the target thread is currently making a foreign call, then the exception will not be raised (and hence throwTo will not return) until the call has completed. This is the case regardless of whether the call is inside a mask or not. However, in GHC a foreign call can be annotated as interruptible, in which case a throwTo will cause the RTS to attempt to cause the call to return; see the GHC documentation for more details.

Important note: the behaviour of throwTo differs from that described in the paper "Asynchronous exceptions in Haskell" (http://research.microsoft.com/~simonpj/Papers/asynch-exns.htm). In the paper, throwTo is non-blocking; but the library implementation adopts a more synchronous design in which throwTo does not return until the exception is received by the target thread. The trade-off is discussed in Section 9 of the paper. Like any blocking operation, throwTo is therefore interruptible (see Section 5.3 of the paper). Unlike other interruptible operations, however, throwTo is always interruptible, even if it does not actually block.

There is no guarantee that the exception will be delivered promptly, although the runtime will endeavour to ensure that arbitrary delays don't occur. In GHC, an exception can only be raised when a thread reaches a safe point, where a safe point is where memory allocation occurs. Some loops do not perform any memory allocation inside the loop and therefore cannot be interrupted by a throwTo.

If the target of throwTo is the calling thread, then the behaviour is the same as throwIO, except that the exception is thrown as an asynchronous exception. This means that if there is an enclosing pure computation, which would be the case if the current IO operation is inside unsafePerformIO or unsafeInterleaveIO, that computation is not permanently replaced by the exception, but is suspended as if it had received an asynchronous exception.

Note that if throwTo is called with the current thread as the target, the exception will be thrown even if the thread is currently inside mask or uninterruptibleMask.

withSignalHandlers :: ExceptionMonad m => m a -> m a Source #

Temporarily install standard signal handlers for catching ^C, which just throw an exception in the current thread.