| Copyright | (C) 2011-2016 Edward Kmett |
|---|---|
| License | BSD-style (see the file LICENSE) |
| Maintainer | libraries@haskell.org |
| Stability | provisional |
| Portability | portable |
| Safe Haskell | Safe |
| Language | Haskell2010 |
Data.Bifoldable
Description
Since: base-4.10.0.0
Synopsis
- class Bifoldable (p :: Type -> Type -> Type) where
- bifoldr' :: Bifoldable t => (a -> c -> c) -> (b -> c -> c) -> c -> t a b -> c
- bifoldr1 :: Bifoldable t => (a -> a -> a) -> t a a -> a
- bifoldrM :: (Bifoldable t, Monad m) => (a -> c -> m c) -> (b -> c -> m c) -> c -> t a b -> m c
- bifoldl' :: Bifoldable t => (a -> b -> a) -> (a -> c -> a) -> a -> t b c -> a
- bifoldl1 :: Bifoldable t => (a -> a -> a) -> t a a -> a
- bifoldlM :: (Bifoldable t, Monad m) => (a -> b -> m a) -> (a -> c -> m a) -> a -> t b c -> m a
- bitraverse_ :: (Bifoldable t, Applicative f) => (a -> f c) -> (b -> f d) -> t a b -> f ()
- bifor_ :: (Bifoldable t, Applicative f) => t a b -> (a -> f c) -> (b -> f d) -> f ()
- bimapM_ :: (Bifoldable t, Applicative f) => (a -> f c) -> (b -> f d) -> t a b -> f ()
- biforM_ :: (Bifoldable t, Applicative f) => t a b -> (a -> f c) -> (b -> f d) -> f ()
- bimsum :: (Bifoldable t, Alternative f) => t (f a) (f a) -> f a
- bisequenceA_ :: (Bifoldable t, Applicative f) => t (f a) (f b) -> f ()
- bisequence_ :: (Bifoldable t, Applicative f) => t (f a) (f b) -> f ()
- biasum :: (Bifoldable t, Alternative f) => t (f a) (f a) -> f a
- biList :: Bifoldable t => t a a -> [a]
- binull :: Bifoldable t => t a b -> Bool
- bilength :: Bifoldable t => t a b -> Int
- bielem :: (Bifoldable t, Eq a) => a -> t a a -> Bool
- bimaximum :: (Bifoldable t, Ord a) => t a a -> a
- biminimum :: (Bifoldable t, Ord a) => t a a -> a
- bisum :: (Bifoldable t, Num a) => t a a -> a
- biproduct :: (Bifoldable t, Num a) => t a a -> a
- biconcat :: Bifoldable t => t [a] [a] -> [a]
- biconcatMap :: Bifoldable t => (a -> [c]) -> (b -> [c]) -> t a b -> [c]
- biand :: Bifoldable t => t Bool Bool -> Bool
- bior :: Bifoldable t => t Bool Bool -> Bool
- biany :: Bifoldable t => (a -> Bool) -> (b -> Bool) -> t a b -> Bool
- biall :: Bifoldable t => (a -> Bool) -> (b -> Bool) -> t a b -> Bool
- bimaximumBy :: Bifoldable t => (a -> a -> Ordering) -> t a a -> a
- biminimumBy :: Bifoldable t => (a -> a -> Ordering) -> t a a -> a
- binotElem :: (Bifoldable t, Eq a) => a -> t a a -> Bool
- bifind :: Bifoldable t => (a -> Bool) -> t a a -> Maybe a
Documentation
class Bifoldable (p :: Type -> Type -> Type) where Source #
Bifoldable identifies foldable structures with two different varieties
of elements (as opposed to Foldable, which has one variety of element).
Common examples are Either and (,):
instance Bifoldable Either where bifoldMap f _ (Left a) = f a bifoldMap _ g (Right b) = g b instance Bifoldable (,) where bifoldr f g z (a, b) = f a (g b z)
Some examples below also use the following BiList to showcase empty
Bifoldable behaviors when relevant (Either and (,) containing always exactly
resp. 1 and 2 elements):
data BiList a b = BiList [a] [b] instance Bifoldable BiList where bifoldr f g z (BiList as bs) = foldr f (foldr g z bs) as
A minimal Bifoldable definition consists of either bifoldMap or
bifoldr. When defining more than this minimal set, one should ensure
that the following identities hold:
bifold≡bifoldMapididbifoldMapf g ≡bifoldr(mappend. f) (mappend. g)memptybifoldrf g z t ≡appEndo(bifoldMap(Endo . f) (Endo . g) t) z
If the type is also a Bifunctor instance, it should satisfy:
bifoldMapf g ≡bifold.bimapf g
which implies that
bifoldMapf g .bimaph i ≡bifoldMap(f . h) (g . i)
Since: base-4.10.0.0
Methods
bifold :: Monoid m => p m m -> m Source #
Combines the elements of a structure using a monoid.
bifold≡bifoldMapidid
Examples
Basic usage:
>>>bifold (Right [1, 2, 3])[1,2,3]
>>>bifold (Left [5, 6])[5,6]
>>>bifold ([1, 2, 3], [4, 5])[1,2,3,4,5]
>>>bifold (Product 6, Product 7)Product {getProduct = 42}
>>>bifold (Sum 6, Sum 7)Sum {getSum = 13}
Since: base-4.10.0.0
bifoldMap :: Monoid m => (a -> m) -> (b -> m) -> p a b -> m Source #
Combines the elements of a structure, given ways of mapping them to a common monoid.
bifoldMapf g ≡bifoldr(mappend. f) (mappend. g)mempty
Examples
Basic usage:
>>>bifoldMap (take 3) (fmap digitToInt) ([1..], "89")[1,2,3,8,9]
>>>bifoldMap (take 3) (fmap digitToInt) (Left [1..])[1,2,3]
>>>bifoldMap (take 3) (fmap digitToInt) (Right "89")[8,9]
Since: base-4.10.0.0
bifoldr :: (a -> c -> c) -> (b -> c -> c) -> c -> p a b -> c Source #
Combines the elements of a structure in a right associative manner.
Given a hypothetical function toEitherList :: p a b -> [Either a b]
yielding a list of all elements of a structure in order, the following
would hold:
bifoldrf g z ≡foldr(eitherf g) z . toEitherList
Examples
Basic usage:
> bifoldr (+) (*) 3 (5, 7) 26 -- 5 + (7 * 3) > bifoldr (+) (*) 3 (7, 5) 22 -- 7 + (5 * 3) > bifoldr (+) (*) 3 (Right 5) 15 -- 5 * 3 > bifoldr (+) (*) 3 (Left 5) 8 -- 5 + 3
Since: base-4.10.0.0
bifoldl :: (c -> a -> c) -> (c -> b -> c) -> c -> p a b -> c Source #
Combines the elements of a structure in a left associative manner. Given
a hypothetical function toEitherList :: p a b -> [Either a b] yielding a
list of all elements of a structure in order, the following would hold:
bifoldlf g z ≡foldl(acc ->either(f acc) (g acc)) z . toEitherList
Note that if you want an efficient left-fold, you probably want to use
bifoldl' instead of bifoldl. The reason is that the latter does not
force the "inner" results, resulting in a thunk chain which then must be
evaluated from the outside-in.
Examples
Basic usage:
> bifoldl (+) (*) 3 (5, 7) 56 -- (5 + 3) * 7 > bifoldl (+) (*) 3 (7, 5) 50 -- (7 + 3) * 5 > bifoldl (+) (*) 3 (Right 5) 15 -- 5 * 3 > bifoldl (+) (*) 3 (Left 5) 8 -- 5 + 3
Since: base-4.10.0.0
Instances
| Bifoldable Either Source # | Since: base-4.10.0.0 |
Defined in Data.Bifoldable | |
| Bifoldable Arg Source # | Since: base-4.10.0.0 |
| Bifoldable Tuple2 Source # | Since: base-4.10.0.0 |
| Bifoldable (Const :: Type -> Type -> Type) Source # | Since: base-4.10.0.0 |
| Bifoldable (Tuple3 x) Source # | Since: base-4.10.0.0 |
| Bifoldable (K1 i :: Type -> Type -> Type) Source # | Since: base-4.10.0.0 |
| Bifoldable (Tuple4 x y) Source # | Since: base-4.10.0.0 |
Defined in Data.Bifoldable | |
| Bifoldable (Tuple5 x y z) Source # | Since: base-4.10.0.0 |
Defined in Data.Bifoldable | |
| Bifoldable (Tuple6 x y z w) Source # | Since: base-4.10.0.0 |
Defined in Data.Bifoldable Methods bifold :: Monoid m => (x, y, z, w, m, m) -> m Source # bifoldMap :: Monoid m => (a -> m) -> (b -> m) -> (x, y, z, w, a, b) -> m Source # bifoldr :: (a -> c -> c) -> (b -> c -> c) -> c -> (x, y, z, w, a, b) -> c Source # bifoldl :: (c -> a -> c) -> (c -> b -> c) -> c -> (x, y, z, w, a, b) -> c Source # | |
| Bifoldable (Tuple7 x y z w v) Source # | Since: base-4.10.0.0 |
Defined in Data.Bifoldable Methods bifold :: Monoid m => (x, y, z, w, v, m, m) -> m Source # bifoldMap :: Monoid m => (a -> m) -> (b -> m) -> (x, y, z, w, v, a, b) -> m Source # bifoldr :: (a -> c -> c) -> (b -> c -> c) -> c -> (x, y, z, w, v, a, b) -> c Source # bifoldl :: (c -> a -> c) -> (c -> b -> c) -> c -> (x, y, z, w, v, a, b) -> c Source # | |
bifoldr' :: Bifoldable t => (a -> c -> c) -> (b -> c -> c) -> c -> t a b -> c Source #
As bifoldr, but strict in the result of the reduction functions at each
step.
Since: base-4.10.0.0
bifoldr1 :: Bifoldable t => (a -> a -> a) -> t a a -> a Source #
A variant of bifoldr that has no base case,
and thus may only be applied to non-empty structures.
Examples
Basic usage:
>>>bifoldr1 (+) (5, 7)12
>>>bifoldr1 (+) (Right 7)7
>>>bifoldr1 (+) (Left 5)5
> bifoldr1 (+) (BiList [1, 2] [3, 4]) 10 -- 1 + (2 + (3 + 4))
>>>bifoldr1 (+) (BiList [1, 2] [])3
On empty structures, this function throws an exception:
>>>bifoldr1 (+) (BiList [] [])*** Exception: bifoldr1: empty structure ...
Since: base-4.10.0.0
bifoldrM :: (Bifoldable t, Monad m) => (a -> c -> m c) -> (b -> c -> m c) -> c -> t a b -> m c Source #
Right associative monadic bifold over a structure.
Since: base-4.10.0.0
bifoldl' :: Bifoldable t => (a -> b -> a) -> (a -> c -> a) -> a -> t b c -> a Source #
As bifoldl, but strict in the result of the reduction functions at each
step.
This ensures that each step of the bifold is forced to weak head normal form
before being applied, avoiding the collection of thunks that would otherwise
occur. This is often what you want to strictly reduce a finite structure to
a single, monolithic result (e.g., bilength).
Since: base-4.10.0.0
bifoldl1 :: Bifoldable t => (a -> a -> a) -> t a a -> a Source #
A variant of bifoldl that has no base case,
and thus may only be applied to non-empty structures.
Examples
Basic usage:
>>>bifoldl1 (+) (5, 7)12
>>>bifoldl1 (+) (Right 7)7
>>>bifoldl1 (+) (Left 5)5
> bifoldl1 (+) (BiList [1, 2] [3, 4]) 10 -- ((1 + 2) + 3) + 4
>>>bifoldl1 (+) (BiList [1, 2] [])3
On empty structures, this function throws an exception:
>>>bifoldl1 (+) (BiList [] [])*** Exception: bifoldl1: empty structure ...
Since: base-4.10.0.0
bifoldlM :: (Bifoldable t, Monad m) => (a -> b -> m a) -> (a -> c -> m a) -> a -> t b c -> m a Source #
Left associative monadic bifold over a structure.
Examples
Basic usage:
>>>bifoldlM (\a b -> print b >> pure a) (\a c -> print (show c) >> pure a) 42 ("Hello", True)"Hello" "True" 42
>>>bifoldlM (\a b -> print b >> pure a) (\a c -> print (show c) >> pure a) 42 (Right True)"True" 42
>>>bifoldlM (\a b -> print b >> pure a) (\a c -> print (show c) >> pure a) 42 (Left "Hello")"Hello" 42
Since: base-4.10.0.0
bitraverse_ :: (Bifoldable t, Applicative f) => (a -> f c) -> (b -> f d) -> t a b -> f () Source #
Map each element of a structure using one of two actions, evaluate these
actions from left to right, and ignore the results. For a version that
doesn't ignore the results, see bitraverse.
Examples
Basic usage:
>>>bitraverse_ print (print . show) ("Hello", True)"Hello" "True"
>>>bitraverse_ print (print . show) (Right True)"True"
>>>bitraverse_ print (print . show) (Left "Hello")"Hello"
Since: base-4.10.0.0
bifor_ :: (Bifoldable t, Applicative f) => t a b -> (a -> f c) -> (b -> f d) -> f () Source #
As bitraverse_, but with the structure as the primary argument. For a
version that doesn't ignore the results, see bifor.
Examples
Basic usage:
>>>bifor_ ("Hello", True) print (print . show)"Hello" "True"
>>>bifor_ (Right True) print (print . show)"True"
>>>bifor_ (Left "Hello") print (print . show)"Hello"
Since: base-4.10.0.0
bimapM_ :: (Bifoldable t, Applicative f) => (a -> f c) -> (b -> f d) -> t a b -> f () Source #
Alias for bitraverse_.
Since: base-4.10.0.0
biforM_ :: (Bifoldable t, Applicative f) => t a b -> (a -> f c) -> (b -> f d) -> f () Source #
Alias for bifor_.
Since: base-4.10.0.0
bimsum :: (Bifoldable t, Alternative f) => t (f a) (f a) -> f a Source #
Alias for biasum.
Since: base-4.10.0.0
bisequenceA_ :: (Bifoldable t, Applicative f) => t (f a) (f b) -> f () Source #
Alias for bisequence_.
Since: base-4.10.0.0
bisequence_ :: (Bifoldable t, Applicative f) => t (f a) (f b) -> f () Source #
Evaluate each action in the structure from left to right, and ignore the
results. For a version that doesn't ignore the results, see
bisequence.
Examples
Basic usage:
>>>bisequence_ (print "Hello", print "World")"Hello" "World"
>>>bisequence_ (Left (print "Hello"))"Hello"
>>>bisequence_ (Right (print "World"))"World"
Since: base-4.10.0.0
biasum :: (Bifoldable t, Alternative f) => t (f a) (f a) -> f a Source #
The sum of a collection of actions, generalizing biconcat.
Examples
Basic usage:
>>>biasum (Nothing, Nothing)Nothing
>>>biasum (Nothing, Just 42)Just 42
>>>biasum (Just 18, Nothing)Just 18
>>>biasum (Just 18, Just 42)Just 18
Since: base-4.10.0.0
biList :: Bifoldable t => t a a -> [a] Source #
Collects the list of elements of a structure, from left to right.
Examples
Basic usage:
>>>biList (18, 42)[18,42]
>>>biList (Left 18)[18]
Since: base-4.10.0.0
binull :: Bifoldable t => t a b -> Bool Source #
Test whether the structure is empty.
Examples
Basic usage:
>>>binull (18, 42)False
>>>binull (Right 42)False
>>>binull (BiList [] [])True
Since: base-4.10.0.0
bilength :: Bifoldable t => t a b -> Int Source #
Returns the size/length of a finite structure as an Int.
Examples
Basic usage:
>>>bilength (True, 42)2
>>>bilength (Right 42)1
>>>bilength (BiList [1,2,3] [4,5])5
>>>bilength (BiList [] [])0
On infinite structures, this function hangs:
> bilength (BiList [1..] []) * Hangs forever *
Since: base-4.10.0.0
bielem :: (Bifoldable t, Eq a) => a -> t a a -> Bool Source #
Does the element occur in the structure?
Examples
Basic usage:
>>>bielem 42 (17, 42)True
>>>bielem 42 (17, 43)False
>>>bielem 42 (Left 42)True
>>>bielem 42 (Right 13)False
>>>bielem 42 (BiList [1..5] [1..100])True
>>>bielem 42 (BiList [1..5] [1..41])False
Since: base-4.10.0.0
bimaximum :: (Bifoldable t, Ord a) => t a a -> a Source #
The largest element of a non-empty structure.
Examples
Basic usage:
>>>bimaximum (42, 17)42
>>>bimaximum (Right 42)42
>>>bimaximum (BiList [13, 29, 4] [18, 1, 7])29
>>>bimaximum (BiList [13, 29, 4] [])29
On empty structures, this function throws an exception:
>>>bimaximum (BiList [] [])*** Exception: bimaximum: empty structure ...
Since: base-4.10.0.0
biminimum :: (Bifoldable t, Ord a) => t a a -> a Source #
The least element of a non-empty structure.
Examples
Basic usage:
>>>biminimum (42, 17)17
>>>biminimum (Right 42)42
>>>biminimum (BiList [13, 29, 4] [18, 1, 7])1
>>>biminimum (BiList [13, 29, 4] [])4
On empty structures, this function throws an exception:
>>>biminimum (BiList [] [])*** Exception: biminimum: empty structure ...
Since: base-4.10.0.0
bisum :: (Bifoldable t, Num a) => t a a -> a Source #
The bisum function computes the sum of the numbers of a structure.
Examples
Basic usage:
>>>bisum (42, 17)59
>>>bisum (Right 42)42
>>>bisum (BiList [13, 29, 4] [18, 1, 7])72
>>>bisum (BiList [13, 29, 4] [])46
>>>bisum (BiList [] [])0
Since: base-4.10.0.0
biproduct :: (Bifoldable t, Num a) => t a a -> a Source #
The biproduct function computes the product of the numbers of a
structure.
Examples
Basic usage:
>>>biproduct (42, 17)714
>>>biproduct (Right 42)42
>>>biproduct (BiList [13, 29, 4] [18, 1, 7])190008
>>>biproduct (BiList [13, 29, 4] [])1508
>>>biproduct (BiList [] [])1
Since: base-4.10.0.0
biconcat :: Bifoldable t => t [a] [a] -> [a] Source #
Reduces a structure of lists to the concatenation of those lists.
Examples
Basic usage:
>>>biconcat ([1, 2, 3], [4, 5])[1,2,3,4,5]
>>>biconcat (Left [1, 2, 3])[1,2,3]
>>>biconcat (BiList [[1, 2, 3, 4, 5], [6, 7, 8]] [[9]])[1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9]
Since: base-4.10.0.0
biconcatMap :: Bifoldable t => (a -> [c]) -> (b -> [c]) -> t a b -> [c] Source #
Given a means of mapping the elements of a structure to lists, computes the concatenation of all such lists in order.
Examples
Basic usage:
>>>biconcatMap (take 3) (fmap digitToInt) ([1..], "89")[1,2,3,8,9]
>>>biconcatMap (take 3) (fmap digitToInt) (Left [1..])[1,2,3]
>>>biconcatMap (take 3) (fmap digitToInt) (Right "89")[8,9]
Since: base-4.10.0.0
biand :: Bifoldable t => t Bool Bool -> Bool Source #
biand returns the conjunction of a container of Bools. For the
result to be True, the container must be finite; False, however,
results from a False value finitely far from the left end.
Examples
Basic usage:
>>>biand (True, False)False
>>>biand (True, True)True
>>>biand (Left True)True
Empty structures yield True:
>>>biand (BiList [] [])True
A False value finitely far from the left end yields False (short circuit):
>>>biand (BiList [True, True, False, True] (repeat True))False
A False value infinitely far from the left end hangs:
> biand (BiList (repeat True) [False]) * Hangs forever *
An infinitely True value hangs:
> biand (BiList (repeat True) []) * Hangs forever *
Since: base-4.10.0.0
bior :: Bifoldable t => t Bool Bool -> Bool Source #
bior returns the disjunction of a container of Bools. For the
result to be False, the container must be finite; True, however,
results from a True value finitely far from the left end.
Examples
Basic usage:
>>>bior (True, False)True
>>>bior (False, False)False
>>>bior (Left True)True
Empty structures yield False:
>>>bior (BiList [] [])False
A True value finitely far from the left end yields True (short circuit):
>>>bior (BiList [False, False, True, False] (repeat False))True
A True value infinitely far from the left end hangs:
> bior (BiList (repeat False) [True]) * Hangs forever *
An infinitely False value hangs:
> bior (BiList (repeat False) []) * Hangs forever *
Since: base-4.10.0.0
biany :: Bifoldable t => (a -> Bool) -> (b -> Bool) -> t a b -> Bool Source #
Determines whether any element of the structure satisfies its appropriate
predicate argument. Empty structures yield False.
Examples
Basic usage:
>>>biany even isDigit (27, 't')False
>>>biany even isDigit (27, '8')True
>>>biany even isDigit (26, 't')True
>>>biany even isDigit (Left 27)False
>>>biany even isDigit (Left 26)True
>>>biany even isDigit (BiList [27, 53] ['t', '8'])True
Empty structures yield False:
>>>biany even isDigit (BiList [] [])False
Since: base-4.10.0.0
biall :: Bifoldable t => (a -> Bool) -> (b -> Bool) -> t a b -> Bool Source #
Determines whether all elements of the structure satisfy their appropriate
predicate argument. Empty structures yield True.
Examples
Basic usage:
>>>biall even isDigit (27, 't')False
>>>biall even isDigit (26, '8')True
>>>biall even isDigit (Left 27)False
>>>biall even isDigit (Left 26)True
>>>biall even isDigit (BiList [26, 52] ['3', '8'])True
Empty structures yield True:
>>>biall even isDigit (BiList [] [])True
Since: base-4.10.0.0
bimaximumBy :: Bifoldable t => (a -> a -> Ordering) -> t a a -> a Source #
The largest element of a non-empty structure with respect to the given comparison function.
Examples
Basic usage:
>>>bimaximumBy compare (42, 17)42
>>>bimaximumBy compare (Left 17)17
>>>bimaximumBy compare (BiList [42, 17, 23] [-5, 18])42
On empty structures, this function throws an exception:
>>>bimaximumBy compare (BiList [] [])*** Exception: bifoldr1: empty structure ...
Since: base-4.10.0.0
biminimumBy :: Bifoldable t => (a -> a -> Ordering) -> t a a -> a Source #
The least element of a non-empty structure with respect to the given comparison function.
Examples
Basic usage:
>>>biminimumBy compare (42, 17)17
>>>biminimumBy compare (Left 17)17
>>>biminimumBy compare (BiList [42, 17, 23] [-5, 18])-5
On empty structures, this function throws an exception:
>>>biminimumBy compare (BiList [] [])*** Exception: bifoldr1: empty structure ...
Since: base-4.10.0.0
bifind :: Bifoldable t => (a -> Bool) -> t a a -> Maybe a Source #
The bifind function takes a predicate and a structure and returns
the leftmost element of the structure matching the predicate, or
Nothing if there is no such element.
Examples
Basic usage:
>>>bifind even (27, 53)Nothing
>>>bifind even (27, 52)Just 52
>>>bifind even (26, 52)Just 26
Empty structures always yield Nothing:
>>>bifind even (BiList [] [])Nothing
Since: base-4.10.0.0