network-2.2.1: Networking-related facilitiesSource codeContentsIndex
Network.Socket
Portabilityportable
Stabilityprovisional
Maintainerlibraries@haskell.org
Contents
Types
Address operations
Socket Operations
Predicates on sockets
Socket options
File descriptor transmission
Special Constants
Initialisation
Very low level operations
Internal
Description

The Network.Socket module is for when you want full control over sockets. Essentially the entire C socket API is exposed through this module; in general the operations follow the behaviour of the C functions of the same name (consult your favourite Unix networking book).

A higher level interface to networking operations is provided through the module Network.

Synopsis
data Socket = MkSocket CInt Family SocketType ProtocolNumber (MVar SocketStatus)
data Family
= AF_UNSPEC
| AF_UNIX
| AF_INET
| AF_INET6
| AF_SNA
| AF_DECnet
| AF_APPLETALK
| AF_ROUTE
| AF_X25
| AF_AX25
| AF_IPX
| AF_NETROM
| AF_BRIDGE
| AF_ATMPVC
| AF_ROSE
| AF_NETBEUI
| AF_SECURITY
| AF_PACKET
| AF_ASH
| AF_ECONET
| AF_ATMSVC
| AF_IRDA
| AF_PPPOX
| AF_WANPIPE
| AF_BLUETOOTH
data SocketType
= NoSocketType
| Stream
| Datagram
| Raw
| RDM
| SeqPacket
data SockAddr
= SockAddrInet PortNumber HostAddress
| SockAddrInet6 PortNumber FlowInfo HostAddress6 ScopeID
| SockAddrUnix String
data SocketStatus
= NotConnected
| Bound
| Listening
| Connected
| ConvertedToHandle
| Closed
type HostAddress = Word32
type HostAddress6 = (Word32, Word32, Word32, Word32)
type FlowInfo = Word32
type ScopeID = Word32
data ShutdownCmd
= ShutdownReceive
| ShutdownSend
| ShutdownBoth
type ProtocolNumber = CInt
defaultProtocol :: ProtocolNumber
newtype PortNumber = PortNum Word16
type HostName = String
type ServiceName = String
data AddrInfo = AddrInfo {
addrFlags :: [AddrInfoFlag]
addrFamily :: Family
addrSocketType :: SocketType
addrProtocol :: ProtocolNumber
addrAddress :: SockAddr
addrCanonName :: Maybe String
}
data AddrInfoFlag
= AI_ADDRCONFIG
| AI_ALL
| AI_CANONNAME
| AI_NUMERICHOST
| AI_NUMERICSERV
| AI_PASSIVE
| AI_V4MAPPED
addrInfoFlagImplemented :: AddrInfoFlag -> Bool
defaultHints :: AddrInfo
getAddrInfo :: Maybe AddrInfo -> Maybe HostName -> Maybe ServiceName -> IO [AddrInfo]
data NameInfoFlag
= NI_DGRAM
| NI_NAMEREQD
| NI_NOFQDN
| NI_NUMERICHOST
| NI_NUMERICSERV
getNameInfo :: [NameInfoFlag] -> Bool -> Bool -> SockAddr -> IO (Maybe HostName, Maybe ServiceName)
socket :: Family -> SocketType -> ProtocolNumber -> IO Socket
socketPair :: Family -> SocketType -> ProtocolNumber -> IO (Socket, Socket)
connect :: Socket -> SockAddr -> IO ()
bindSocket :: Socket -> SockAddr -> IO ()
listen :: Socket -> Int -> IO ()
accept :: Socket -> IO (Socket, SockAddr)
getPeerName :: Socket -> IO SockAddr
getSocketName :: Socket -> IO SockAddr
getPeerCred :: Socket -> IO (CUInt, CUInt, CUInt)
socketPort :: Socket -> IO PortNumber
socketToHandle :: Socket -> IOMode -> IO Handle
sendTo :: Socket -> String -> SockAddr -> IO Int
sendBufTo :: Socket -> Ptr a -> Int -> SockAddr -> IO Int
recvFrom :: Socket -> Int -> IO (String, Int, SockAddr)
recvBufFrom :: Socket -> Ptr a -> Int -> IO (Int, SockAddr)
send :: Socket -> String -> IO Int
recv :: Socket -> Int -> IO String
recvLen :: Socket -> Int -> IO (String, Int)
inet_addr :: String -> IO HostAddress
inet_ntoa :: HostAddress -> IO String
shutdown :: Socket -> ShutdownCmd -> IO ()
sClose :: Socket -> IO ()
sIsConnected :: Socket -> IO Bool
sIsBound :: Socket -> IO Bool
sIsListening :: Socket -> IO Bool
sIsReadable :: Socket -> IO Bool
sIsWritable :: Socket -> IO Bool
data SocketOption
= DummySocketOption__
| Debug
| ReuseAddr
| Type
| SoError
| DontRoute
| Broadcast
| SendBuffer
| RecvBuffer
| KeepAlive
| OOBInline
| TimeToLive
| MaxSegment
| NoDelay
| Linger
| RecvLowWater
| SendLowWater
| RecvTimeOut
| SendTimeOut
getSocketOption :: Socket -> SocketOption -> IO Int
setSocketOption :: Socket -> SocketOption -> Int -> IO ()
sendFd :: Socket -> CInt -> IO ()
recvFd :: Socket -> IO CInt
sendAncillary :: Socket -> Int -> Int -> Int -> Ptr a -> Int -> IO ()
recvAncillary :: Socket -> Int -> Int -> IO (Int, Int, Ptr a, Int)
aNY_PORT :: PortNumber
iNADDR_ANY :: HostAddress
iN6ADDR_ANY :: HostAddress6
sOMAXCONN :: Int
sOL_SOCKET :: Int
sCM_RIGHTS :: Int
maxListenQueue :: Int
withSocketsDo :: IO a -> IO a
fdSocket :: Socket -> CInt
mkSocket :: CInt -> Family -> SocketType -> ProtocolNumber -> SocketStatus -> IO Socket
packFamily :: Family -> CInt
unpackFamily :: CInt -> Family
packSocketType :: SocketType -> CInt
throwSocketErrorIfMinus1_ :: Num a => String -> IO a -> IO ()
Types
data Socket Source
Constructors
MkSocket CInt Family SocketType ProtocolNumber (MVar SocketStatus)
show/hide Instances
data Family Source
This data type might have different constructors depending on what is supported by the operating system.
Constructors
AF_UNSPEC
AF_UNIX
AF_INET
AF_INET6
AF_SNA
AF_DECnet
AF_APPLETALK
AF_ROUTE
AF_X25
AF_AX25
AF_IPX
AF_NETROM
AF_BRIDGE
AF_ATMPVC
AF_ROSE
AF_NETBEUI
AF_SECURITY
AF_PACKET
AF_ASH
AF_ECONET
AF_ATMSVC
AF_IRDA
AF_PPPOX
AF_WANPIPE
AF_BLUETOOTH
show/hide Instances
data SocketType Source

Socket Types.

This data type might have different constructors depending on what is supported by the operating system.

Constructors
NoSocketType
Stream
Datagram
Raw
RDM
SeqPacket
show/hide Instances
data SockAddr Source
Constructors
SockAddrInet PortNumber HostAddress
SockAddrInet6 PortNumber FlowInfo HostAddress6 ScopeID
SockAddrUnix String
show/hide Instances
data SocketStatus Source
Constructors
NotConnected
Bound
Listening
Connected
ConvertedToHandle
Closed
show/hide Instances
type HostAddress = Word32Source
type HostAddress6 = (Word32, Word32, Word32, Word32)Source
type FlowInfo = Word32Source
type ScopeID = Word32Source
data ShutdownCmd Source
Constructors
ShutdownReceive
ShutdownSend
ShutdownBoth
show/hide Instances
type ProtocolNumber = CIntSource
defaultProtocol :: ProtocolNumberSource
This is the default protocol for a given service.
newtype PortNumber Source
Constructors
PortNum Word16
show/hide Instances
Address operations
type HostName = StringSource
type ServiceName = StringSource
data AddrInfo Source
Constructors
AddrInfo
addrFlags :: [AddrInfoFlag]
addrFamily :: Family
addrSocketType :: SocketType
addrProtocol :: ProtocolNumber
addrAddress :: SockAddr
addrCanonName :: Maybe String
show/hide Instances
data AddrInfoFlag Source
Flags that control the querying behaviour of getAddrInfo.
Constructors
AI_ADDRCONFIG
AI_ALL
AI_CANONNAME
AI_NUMERICHOST
AI_NUMERICSERV
AI_PASSIVE
AI_V4MAPPED
show/hide Instances
addrInfoFlagImplemented :: AddrInfoFlag -> BoolSource
Indicate whether the given AddrInfoFlag will have any effect on this system.
defaultHints :: AddrInfoSource
Default hints for address lookup with getAddrInfo. The values of the addrAddress and addrCanonName fields are undefined, and are never inspected by getAddrInfo.
getAddrInfoSource
:: Maybe AddrInfopreferred socket type or protocol
-> Maybe HostNamehost name to look up
-> Maybe ServiceNameservice name to look up
-> IO [AddrInfo]resolved addresses, with best first

Resolve a host or service name to one or more addresses. The AddrInfo values that this function returns contain SockAddr values that you can pass directly to connect or bindSocket.

This function is protocol independent. It can return both IPv4 and IPv6 address information.

The AddrInfo argument specifies the preferred query behaviour, socket options, or protocol. You can override these conveniently using Haskell's record update syntax on defaultHints, for example as follows:

   myHints = defaultHints { addrFlags = [AI_ADDRCONFIG, AI_CANONNAME] }

Values for addrFlags control query behaviour. The supported flags are as follows:

AI_PASSIVE
If no HostName value is provided, the network address in each SockAddr will be left as a wild card, i.e. as either iNADDR_ANY or iN6ADDR_ANY. This is useful for server applications that will accept connections from any client.
AI_CANONNAME
The addrCanonName field of the first returned AddrInfo will contain the canonical name of the host.
AI_NUMERICHOST
The HostName argument must be a numeric address in string form, and network name lookups will not be attempted.

Note: Although the following flags are required by RFC 3493, they may not have an effect on all platforms, because the underlying network stack may not support them. To see whether a flag from the list below will have any effect, call addrInfoFlagImplemented.

AI_NUMERICSERV
The ServiceName argument must be a port number in string form, and service name lookups will not be attempted.
AI_ADDRCONFIG
The list of returned AddrInfo values will only contain IPv4 addresses if the local system has at least one IPv4 interface configured, and likewise for IPv6.
AI_V4MAPPED
If an IPv6 lookup is performed, and no IPv6 addresses are found, IPv6-mapped IPv4 addresses will be returned.
AI_ALL
If AI_ALL is specified, return all matching IPv6 and IPv4 addresses. Otherwise, this flag has no effect.

You must provide a Just value for at least one of the HostName or ServiceName arguments. HostName can be either a numeric network address (dotted quad for IPv4, colon-separated hex for IPv6) or a hostname. In the latter case, its addresses will be looked up unless AI_NUMERICHOST is specified as a hint. If you do not provide a HostName value and do not set AI_PASSIVE as a hint, network addresses in the result will contain the address of the loopback interface.

If the query fails, this function throws an IO exception instead of returning an empty list. Otherwise, it returns a non-empty list of AddrInfo values.

There are several reasons why a query might result in several values. For example, the queried-for host could be multihomed, or the service might be available via several protocols.

Note: the order of arguments is slightly different to that defined for getaddrinfo in RFC 2553. The AddrInfo parameter comes first to make partial application easier.

Example: let hints = defaultHints { addrFlags = [AI_ADDRCONFIG, AI_CANONNAME] } addrs <- getAddrInfo (Just hints) (Just www.haskell.org) (Just http) let addr = head addrs sock <- socket (addrFamily addr) (addrSocketType addr) (addrProtocol addr) connect sock (addrAddress addr)

data NameInfoFlag Source
Constructors
NI_DGRAM
NI_NAMEREQD
NI_NOFQDN
NI_NUMERICHOST
NI_NUMERICSERV
show/hide Instances
getNameInfoSource
:: [NameInfoFlag]flags to control lookup behaviour
-> Boolwhether to look up a hostname
-> Boolwhether to look up a service name
-> SockAddrthe address to look up
-> IO (Maybe HostName, Maybe ServiceName)

Resolve an address to a host or service name. This function is protocol independent.

The list of NameInfoFlag values controls query behaviour. The supported flags are as follows:

NI_NOFQDN
If a host is local, return only the hostname part of the FQDN.
NI_NUMERICHOST
The name of the host is not looked up. Instead, a numeric representation of the host's address is returned. For an IPv4 address, this will be a dotted-quad string. For IPv6, it will be colon-separated hexadecimal.
NI_NUMERICSERV
The name of the service is not looked up. Instead, a numeric representation of the service is returned.
NI_NAMEREQD
If the hostname cannot be looked up, an IO error is thrown.
NI_DGRAM
Resolve a datagram-based service name. This is required only for the few protocols that have different port numbers for their datagram-based versions than for their stream-based versions.

Hostname and service name lookups can be expensive. You can specify which lookups to perform via the two Bool arguments. If one of these is False, the corresponding value in the returned tuple will be Nothing, and no lookup will be performed.

If a host or service's name cannot be looked up, then the numeric form of the address or service will be returned.

If the query fails, this function throws an IO exception.

Example: (hostName, _) <- getNameInfo [] True False myAddress

Socket Operations
socket :: Family -> SocketType -> ProtocolNumber -> IO SocketSource
socketPair :: Family -> SocketType -> ProtocolNumber -> IO (Socket, Socket)Source
connect :: Socket -> SockAddr -> IO ()Source
bindSocket :: Socket -> SockAddr -> IO ()Source
listen :: Socket -> Int -> IO ()Source
accept :: Socket -> IO (Socket, SockAddr)Source
getPeerName :: Socket -> IO SockAddrSource
getSocketName :: Socket -> IO SockAddrSource
getPeerCred :: Socket -> IO (CUInt, CUInt, CUInt)Source

Returns the processID, userID and groupID of the socket's peer.

Only available on platforms that support SO_PEERCRED on domain sockets.

socketPort :: Socket -> IO PortNumberSource
socketToHandle :: Socket -> IOMode -> IO HandleSource

turns a Socket into an Handle. By default, the new handle is unbuffered. Use hSetBuffering to change the buffering.

Note that since a Handle is automatically closed by a finalizer when it is no longer referenced, you should avoid doing any more operations on the Socket after calling socketToHandle. To close the Socket after socketToHandle, call hClose on the Handle.

sendTo :: Socket -> String -> SockAddr -> IO IntSource
NOTE: blocking on Windows unless you compile with -threaded (see GHC ticket #1129)
sendBufTo :: Socket -> Ptr a -> Int -> SockAddr -> IO IntSource
recvFrom :: Socket -> Int -> IO (String, Int, SockAddr)Source
NOTE: blocking on Windows unless you compile with -threaded (see GHC ticket #1129)
recvBufFrom :: Socket -> Ptr a -> Int -> IO (Int, SockAddr)Source
send :: Socket -> String -> IO IntSource
recv :: Socket -> Int -> IO StringSource
recvLen :: Socket -> Int -> IO (String, Int)Source
inet_addr :: String -> IO HostAddressSource
inet_ntoa :: HostAddress -> IO StringSource
shutdown :: Socket -> ShutdownCmd -> IO ()Source
sClose :: Socket -> IO ()Source
Closes a socket
Predicates on sockets
sIsConnected :: Socket -> IO BoolSource
sIsBound :: Socket -> IO BoolSource
sIsListening :: Socket -> IO BoolSource
sIsReadable :: Socket -> IO BoolSource
sIsWritable :: Socket -> IO BoolSource
Socket options
data SocketOption Source
Constructors
DummySocketOption__
Debug
ReuseAddr
Type
SoError
DontRoute
Broadcast
SendBuffer
RecvBuffer
KeepAlive
OOBInline
TimeToLive
MaxSegment
NoDelay
Linger
RecvLowWater
SendLowWater
RecvTimeOut
SendTimeOut
show/hide Instances
getSocketOption :: Socket -> SocketOption -> IO IntSource
setSocketOption :: Socket -> SocketOption -> Int -> IO ()Source
File descriptor transmission
sendFd :: Socket -> CInt -> IO ()Source
recvFd :: Socket -> IO CIntSource
sendAncillary :: Socket -> Int -> Int -> Int -> Ptr a -> Int -> IO ()Source
recvAncillary :: Socket -> Int -> Int -> IO (Int, Int, Ptr a, Int)Source
Special Constants
aNY_PORT :: PortNumberSource
iNADDR_ANY :: HostAddressSource
The IPv4 wild card address.
iN6ADDR_ANY :: HostAddress6Source
The IPv6 wild card address.
sOMAXCONN :: IntSource
sOL_SOCKET :: IntSource
sCM_RIGHTS :: IntSource
maxListenQueue :: IntSource
Initialisation
withSocketsDo :: IO a -> IO aSource

On Windows operating systems, the networking subsystem has to be initialised using withSocketsDo before any networking operations can be used. eg.

 main = withSocketsDo $ do {...}

Although this is only strictly necessary on Windows platforms, it is harmless on other platforms, so for portability it is good practice to use it all the time.

Very low level operations
fdSocket :: Socket -> CIntSource
mkSocket :: CInt -> Family -> SocketType -> ProtocolNumber -> SocketStatus -> IO SocketSource
Internal
The following are exported ONLY for use in the BSD module and should not be used anywhere else.
packFamily :: Family -> CIntSource
unpackFamily :: CInt -> FamilySource
packSocketType :: SocketType -> CIntSource
throwSocketErrorIfMinus1_ :: Num a => String -> IO a -> IO ()Source
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