Copyright | (c) The University of Glasgow 2001 |
---|---|
License | BSD-style (see the file libraries/base/LICENSE) |
Maintainer | libraries@haskell.org |
Stability | provisional |
Portability | portable |
Safe Haskell | Safe |
Language | Haskell2010 |
- class Functor f where
- class Applicative m => Monad m where
Documentation
class Functor f where Source #
The Functor
class is used for types that can be mapped over.
Instances of Functor
should satisfy the following laws:
fmap id == id fmap (f . g) == fmap f . fmap g
The instances of Functor
for lists, Maybe
and IO
satisfy these laws.
class Applicative m => Monad m where Source #
The Monad
class defines the basic operations over a monad,
a concept from a branch of mathematics known as category theory.
From the perspective of a Haskell programmer, however, it is best to
think of a monad as an abstract datatype of actions.
Haskell's do
expressions provide a convenient syntax for writing
monadic expressions.
Instances of Monad
should satisfy the following laws:
Furthermore, the Monad
and Applicative
operations should relate as follows:
The above laws imply:
and that pure
and (<*>
) satisfy the applicative functor laws.
The instances of Monad
for lists, Maybe
and IO
defined in the Prelude satisfy these laws.
(>>=) :: forall a b. m a -> (a -> m b) -> m b infixl 1 Source #
Sequentially compose two actions, passing any value produced by the first as an argument to the second.
(>>) :: forall a b. m a -> m b -> m b infixl 1 Source #
Sequentially compose two actions, discarding any value produced by the first, like sequencing operators (such as the semicolon) in imperative languages.
Inject a value into the monadic type.
fail :: String -> m a Source #
Fail with a message. This operation is not part of the
mathematical definition of a monad, but is invoked on pattern-match
failure in a do
expression.
As part of the MonadFail proposal (MFP), this function is moved
to its own class MonadFail
(see Control.Monad.Fail for more
details). The definition here will be removed in a future
release.
Monad [] # | |
Monad Maybe # | |
Monad IO # | |
Monad U1 # | |
Monad Par1 # | |
Monad ReadP # | |
Monad ReadPrec # | |
Monad Last # | |
Monad First # | |
Monad Product # | |
Monad Sum # | |
Monad Dual # | |
Monad STM # | |
Monad Complex # | |
Monad NonEmpty # | |
Monad Option # | |
Monad Last # | |
Monad First # | |
Monad Max # | |
Monad Min # | |
Monad Identity # | |
Monad ((->) r) # | |
Monad (Either e) # | |
Monad f => Monad (Rec1 f) # | |
Monoid a => Monad ((,) a) # | |
Monad (ST s) # | |
Monad (Proxy *) # | |
ArrowApply a => Monad (ArrowMonad a) # | |
Monad m => Monad (WrappedMonad m) # | |
Monad (ST s) # | |
(Monad f, Monad g) => Monad ((:*:) f g) # | |
Monad f => Monad (Alt * f) # | |
Monad f => Monad (M1 i c f) # | |
(Monad f, Monad g) => Monad (Product * f g) # | |