base-4.14.1.0: Basic libraries
CopyrightConor McBride and Ross Paterson 2005
LicenseBSD-style (see the LICENSE file in the distribution)
Maintainerlibraries@haskell.org
Stabilityexperimental
Portabilityportable
Safe HaskellTrustworthy
LanguageHaskell2010

Control.Applicative

Description

This module describes a structure intermediate between a functor and a monad (technically, a strong lax monoidal functor). Compared with monads, this interface lacks the full power of the binding operation >>=, but

  • it has more instances.
  • it is sufficient for many uses, e.g. context-free parsing, or the Traversable class.
  • instances can perform analysis of computations before they are executed, and thus produce shared optimizations.

This interface was introduced for parsers by Niklas Röjemo, because it admits more sharing than the monadic interface. The names here are mostly based on parsing work by Doaitse Swierstra.

For more details, see Applicative Programming with Effects, by Conor McBride and Ross Paterson.

Synopsis

Applicative functors

class Functor f => Applicative f where Source #

A functor with application, providing operations to

  • embed pure expressions (pure), and
  • sequence computations and combine their results (<*> and liftA2).

A minimal complete definition must include implementations of pure and of either <*> or liftA2. If it defines both, then they must behave the same as their default definitions:

(<*>) = liftA2 id
liftA2 f x y = f <$> x <*> y

Further, any definition must satisfy the following:

Identity
pure id <*> v = v
Composition
pure (.) <*> u <*> v <*> w = u <*> (v <*> w)
Homomorphism
pure f <*> pure x = pure (f x)
Interchange
u <*> pure y = pure ($ y) <*> u

The other methods have the following default definitions, which may be overridden with equivalent specialized implementations:

As a consequence of these laws, the Functor instance for f will satisfy

It may be useful to note that supposing

forall x y. p (q x y) = f x . g y

it follows from the above that

liftA2 p (liftA2 q u v) = liftA2 f u . liftA2 g v

If f is also a Monad, it should satisfy

(which implies that pure and <*> satisfy the applicative functor laws).

Minimal complete definition

pure, ((<*>) | liftA2)

Methods

pure :: a -> f a Source #

Lift a value.

(<*>) :: f (a -> b) -> f a -> f b infixl 4 Source #

Sequential application.

A few functors support an implementation of <*> that is more efficient than the default one.

Using ApplicativeDo: 'fs <*> as' can be understood as the do expression

do f <- fs
   a <- as
   pure (f a)

liftA2 :: (a -> b -> c) -> f a -> f b -> f c Source #

Lift a binary function to actions.

Some functors support an implementation of liftA2 that is more efficient than the default one. In particular, if fmap is an expensive operation, it is likely better to use liftA2 than to fmap over the structure and then use <*>.

This became a typeclass method in 4.10.0.0. Prior to that, it was a function defined in terms of <*> and fmap.

Using ApplicativeDo: 'liftA2 f as bs' can be understood as the do expression

do a <- as
   b <- bs
   pure (f a b)

(*>) :: f a -> f b -> f b infixl 4 Source #

Sequence actions, discarding the value of the first argument.

'as *> bs' can be understood as the do expression

do as
   bs

This is a tad complicated for our ApplicativeDo extension which will give it a Monad constraint. For an Applicative constraint we write it of the form

do _ <- as
   b <- bs
   pure b

(<*) :: f a -> f b -> f a infixl 4 Source #

Sequence actions, discarding the value of the second argument.

Using ApplicativeDo: 'as <* bs' can be understood as the do expression

do a <- as
   bs
   pure a

Instances

Instances details
Applicative [] #

Since: base-2.1

Instance details

Defined in GHC.Base

Methods

pure :: a -> [a] Source #

(<*>) :: [a -> b] -> [a] -> [b] Source #

liftA2 :: (a -> b -> c) -> [a] -> [b] -> [c] Source #

(*>) :: [a] -> [b] -> [b] Source #

(<*) :: [a] -> [b] -> [a] Source #

Applicative Maybe #

Since: base-2.1

Instance details

Defined in GHC.Base

Methods

pure :: a -> Maybe a Source #

(<*>) :: Maybe (a -> b) -> Maybe a -> Maybe b Source #

liftA2 :: (a -> b -> c) -> Maybe a -> Maybe b -> Maybe c Source #

(*>) :: Maybe a -> Maybe b -> Maybe b Source #

(<*) :: Maybe a -> Maybe b -> Maybe a Source #

Applicative IO #

Since: base-2.1

Instance details

Defined in GHC.Base

Methods

pure :: a -> IO a Source #

(<*>) :: IO (a -> b) -> IO a -> IO b Source #

liftA2 :: (a -> b -> c) -> IO a -> IO b -> IO c Source #

(*>) :: IO a -> IO b -> IO b Source #

(<*) :: IO a -> IO b -> IO a Source #

Applicative Par1 #

Since: base-4.9.0.0

Instance details

Defined in GHC.Generics

Methods

pure :: a -> Par1 a Source #

(<*>) :: Par1 (a -> b) -> Par1 a -> Par1 b Source #

liftA2 :: (a -> b -> c) -> Par1 a -> Par1 b -> Par1 c Source #

(*>) :: Par1 a -> Par1 b -> Par1 b Source #

(<*) :: Par1 a -> Par1 b -> Par1 a Source #

Applicative NonEmpty #

Since: base-4.9.0.0

Instance details

Defined in GHC.Base

Methods

pure :: a -> NonEmpty a Source #

(<*>) :: NonEmpty (a -> b) -> NonEmpty a -> NonEmpty b Source #

liftA2 :: (a -> b -> c) -> NonEmpty a -> NonEmpty b -> NonEmpty c Source #

(*>) :: NonEmpty a -> NonEmpty b -> NonEmpty b Source #

(<*) :: NonEmpty a -> NonEmpty b -> NonEmpty a Source #

Applicative NoIO #

Since: base-4.8.0.0

Instance details

Defined in GHC.GHCi

Methods

pure :: a -> NoIO a Source #

(<*>) :: NoIO (a -> b) -> NoIO a -> NoIO b Source #

liftA2 :: (a -> b -> c) -> NoIO a -> NoIO b -> NoIO c Source #

(*>) :: NoIO a -> NoIO b -> NoIO b Source #

(<*) :: NoIO a -> NoIO b -> NoIO a Source #

Applicative ReadP #

Since: base-4.6.0.0

Instance details

Defined in Text.ParserCombinators.ReadP

Methods

pure :: a -> ReadP a Source #

(<*>) :: ReadP (a -> b) -> ReadP a -> ReadP b Source #

liftA2 :: (a -> b -> c) -> ReadP a -> ReadP b -> ReadP c Source #

(*>) :: ReadP a -> ReadP b -> ReadP b Source #

(<*) :: ReadP a -> ReadP b -> ReadP a Source #

Applicative ReadPrec #

Since: base-4.6.0.0

Instance details

Defined in Text.ParserCombinators.ReadPrec

Methods

pure :: a -> ReadPrec a Source #

(<*>) :: ReadPrec (a -> b) -> ReadPrec a -> ReadPrec b Source #

liftA2 :: (a -> b -> c) -> ReadPrec a -> ReadPrec b -> ReadPrec c Source #

(*>) :: ReadPrec a -> ReadPrec b -> ReadPrec b Source #

(<*) :: ReadPrec a -> ReadPrec b -> ReadPrec a Source #

Applicative Down #

Since: base-4.11.0.0

Instance details

Defined in Data.Ord

Methods

pure :: a -> Down a Source #

(<*>) :: Down (a -> b) -> Down a -> Down b Source #

liftA2 :: (a -> b -> c) -> Down a -> Down b -> Down c Source #

(*>) :: Down a -> Down b -> Down b Source #

(<*) :: Down a -> Down b -> Down a Source #

Applicative Product #

Since: base-4.8.0.0

Instance details

Defined in Data.Semigroup.Internal

Methods

pure :: a -> Product a Source #

(<*>) :: Product (a -> b) -> Product a -> Product b Source #

liftA2 :: (a -> b -> c) -> Product a -> Product b -> Product c Source #

(*>) :: Product a -> Product b -> Product b Source #

(<*) :: Product a -> Product b -> Product a Source #

Applicative Sum #

Since: base-4.8.0.0

Instance details

Defined in Data.Semigroup.Internal

Methods

pure :: a -> Sum a Source #

(<*>) :: Sum (a -> b) -> Sum a -> Sum b Source #

liftA2 :: (a -> b -> c) -> Sum a -> Sum b -> Sum c Source #

(*>) :: Sum a -> Sum b -> Sum b Source #

(<*) :: Sum a -> Sum b -> Sum a Source #

Applicative Dual #

Since: base-4.8.0.0

Instance details

Defined in Data.Semigroup.Internal

Methods

pure :: a -> Dual a Source #

(<*>) :: Dual (a -> b) -> Dual a -> Dual b Source #

liftA2 :: (a -> b -> c) -> Dual a -> Dual b -> Dual c Source #

(*>) :: Dual a -> Dual b -> Dual b Source #

(<*) :: Dual a -> Dual b -> Dual a Source #

Applicative Last #

Since: base-4.8.0.0

Instance details

Defined in Data.Monoid

Methods

pure :: a -> Last a Source #

(<*>) :: Last (a -> b) -> Last a -> Last b Source #

liftA2 :: (a -> b -> c) -> Last a -> Last b -> Last c Source #

(*>) :: Last a -> Last b -> Last b Source #

(<*) :: Last a -> Last b -> Last a Source #

Applicative First #

Since: base-4.8.0.0

Instance details

Defined in Data.Monoid

Methods

pure :: a -> First a Source #

(<*>) :: First (a -> b) -> First a -> First b Source #

liftA2 :: (a -> b -> c) -> First a -> First b -> First c Source #

(*>) :: First a -> First b -> First b Source #

(<*) :: First a -> First b -> First a Source #

Applicative STM #

Since: base-4.8.0.0

Instance details

Defined in GHC.Conc.Sync

Methods

pure :: a -> STM a Source #

(<*>) :: STM (a -> b) -> STM a -> STM b Source #

liftA2 :: (a -> b -> c) -> STM a -> STM b -> STM c Source #

(*>) :: STM a -> STM b -> STM b Source #

(<*) :: STM a -> STM b -> STM a Source #

Applicative Identity #

Since: base-4.8.0.0

Instance details

Defined in Data.Functor.Identity

Methods

pure :: a -> Identity a Source #

(<*>) :: Identity (a -> b) -> Identity a -> Identity b Source #

liftA2 :: (a -> b -> c) -> Identity a -> Identity b -> Identity c Source #

(*>) :: Identity a -> Identity b -> Identity b Source #

(<*) :: Identity a -> Identity b -> Identity a Source #

Applicative ZipList #
f <$> ZipList xs1 <*> ... <*> ZipList xsN
    = ZipList (zipWithN f xs1 ... xsN)

where zipWithN refers to the zipWith function of the appropriate arity (zipWith, zipWith3, zipWith4, ...). For example:

(\a b c -> stimes c [a, b]) <$> ZipList "abcd" <*> ZipList "567" <*> ZipList [1..]
    = ZipList (zipWith3 (\a b c -> stimes c [a, b]) "abcd" "567" [1..])
    = ZipList {getZipList = ["a5","b6b6","c7c7c7"]}

Since: base-2.1

Instance details

Defined in Control.Applicative

Methods

pure :: a -> ZipList a Source #

(<*>) :: ZipList (a -> b) -> ZipList a -> ZipList b Source #

liftA2 :: (a -> b -> c) -> ZipList a -> ZipList b -> ZipList c Source #

(*>) :: ZipList a -> ZipList b -> ZipList b Source #

(<*) :: ZipList a -> ZipList b -> ZipList a Source #

Applicative Option #

Since: base-4.9.0.0

Instance details

Defined in Data.Semigroup

Methods

pure :: a -> Option a Source #

(<*>) :: Option (a -> b) -> Option a -> Option b Source #

liftA2 :: (a -> b -> c) -> Option a -> Option b -> Option c Source #

(*>) :: Option a -> Option b -> Option b Source #

(<*) :: Option a -> Option b -> Option a Source #

Applicative Last #

Since: base-4.9.0.0

Instance details

Defined in Data.Semigroup

Methods

pure :: a -> Last a Source #

(<*>) :: Last (a -> b) -> Last a -> Last b Source #

liftA2 :: (a -> b -> c) -> Last a -> Last b -> Last c Source #

(*>) :: Last a -> Last b -> Last b Source #

(<*) :: Last a -> Last b -> Last a Source #

Applicative First #

Since: base-4.9.0.0

Instance details

Defined in Data.Semigroup

Methods

pure :: a -> First a Source #

(<*>) :: First (a -> b) -> First a -> First b Source #

liftA2 :: (a -> b -> c) -> First a -> First b -> First c Source #

(*>) :: First a -> First b -> First b Source #

(<*) :: First a -> First b -> First a Source #

Applicative Max #

Since: base-4.9.0.0

Instance details

Defined in Data.Semigroup

Methods

pure :: a -> Max a Source #

(<*>) :: Max (a -> b) -> Max a -> Max b Source #

liftA2 :: (a -> b -> c) -> Max a -> Max b -> Max c Source #

(*>) :: Max a -> Max b -> Max b Source #

(<*) :: Max a -> Max b -> Max a Source #

Applicative Min #

Since: base-4.9.0.0

Instance details

Defined in Data.Semigroup

Methods

pure :: a -> Min a Source #

(<*>) :: Min (a -> b) -> Min a -> Min b Source #

liftA2 :: (a -> b -> c) -> Min a -> Min b -> Min c Source #

(*>) :: Min a -> Min b -> Min b Source #

(<*) :: Min a -> Min b -> Min a Source #

Applicative Complex #

Since: base-4.9.0.0

Instance details

Defined in Data.Complex

Methods

pure :: a -> Complex a Source #

(<*>) :: Complex (a -> b) -> Complex a -> Complex b Source #

liftA2 :: (a -> b -> c) -> Complex a -> Complex b -> Complex c Source #

(*>) :: Complex a -> Complex b -> Complex b Source #

(<*) :: Complex a -> Complex b -> Complex a Source #

Applicative (Either e) #

Since: base-3.0

Instance details

Defined in Data.Either

Methods

pure :: a -> Either e a Source #

(<*>) :: Either e (a -> b) -> Either e a -> Either e b Source #

liftA2 :: (a -> b -> c) -> Either e a -> Either e b -> Either e c Source #

(*>) :: Either e a -> Either e b -> Either e b Source #

(<*) :: Either e a -> Either e b -> Either e a Source #

Applicative (U1 :: Type -> Type) #

Since: base-4.9.0.0

Instance details

Defined in GHC.Generics

Methods

pure :: a -> U1 a Source #

(<*>) :: U1 (a -> b) -> U1 a -> U1 b Source #

liftA2 :: (a -> b -> c) -> U1 a -> U1 b -> U1 c Source #

(*>) :: U1 a -> U1 b -> U1 b Source #

(<*) :: U1 a -> U1 b -> U1 a Source #

Monoid a => Applicative ((,) a) #

For tuples, the Monoid constraint on a determines how the first values merge. For example, Strings concatenate:

("hello ", (+15)) <*> ("world!", 2002)
("hello world!",2017)

Since: base-2.1

Instance details

Defined in GHC.Base

Methods

pure :: a0 -> (a, a0) Source #

(<*>) :: (a, a0 -> b) -> (a, a0) -> (a, b) Source #

liftA2 :: (a0 -> b -> c) -> (a, a0) -> (a, b) -> (a, c) Source #

(*>) :: (a, a0) -> (a, b) -> (a, b) Source #

(<*) :: (a, a0) -> (a, b) -> (a, a0) Source #

Applicative (ST s) #

Since: base-4.4.0.0

Instance details

Defined in GHC.ST

Methods

pure :: a -> ST s a Source #

(<*>) :: ST s (a -> b) -> ST s a -> ST s b Source #

liftA2 :: (a -> b -> c) -> ST s a -> ST s b -> ST s c Source #

(*>) :: ST s a -> ST s b -> ST s b Source #

(<*) :: ST s a -> ST s b -> ST s a Source #

Applicative (Proxy :: Type -> Type) #

Since: base-4.7.0.0

Instance details

Defined in Data.Proxy

Methods

pure :: a -> Proxy a Source #

(<*>) :: Proxy (a -> b) -> Proxy a -> Proxy b Source #

liftA2 :: (a -> b -> c) -> Proxy a -> Proxy b -> Proxy c Source #

(*>) :: Proxy a -> Proxy b -> Proxy b Source #

(<*) :: Proxy a -> Proxy b -> Proxy a Source #

Arrow a => Applicative (ArrowMonad a) #

Since: base-4.6.0.0

Instance details

Defined in Control.Arrow

Methods

pure :: a0 -> ArrowMonad a a0 Source #

(<*>) :: ArrowMonad a (a0 -> b) -> ArrowMonad a a0 -> ArrowMonad a b Source #

liftA2 :: (a0 -> b -> c) -> ArrowMonad a a0 -> ArrowMonad a b -> ArrowMonad a c Source #

(*>) :: ArrowMonad a a0 -> ArrowMonad a b -> ArrowMonad a b Source #

(<*) :: ArrowMonad a a0 -> ArrowMonad a b -> ArrowMonad a a0 Source #

Monad m => Applicative (WrappedMonad m) #

Since: base-2.1

Instance details

Defined in Control.Applicative

Methods

pure :: a -> WrappedMonad m a Source #

(<*>) :: WrappedMonad m (a -> b) -> WrappedMonad m a -> WrappedMonad m b Source #

liftA2 :: (a -> b -> c) -> WrappedMonad m a -> WrappedMonad m b -> WrappedMonad m c Source #

(*>) :: WrappedMonad m a -> WrappedMonad m b -> WrappedMonad m b Source #

(<*) :: WrappedMonad m a -> WrappedMonad m b -> WrappedMonad m a Source #

Applicative (ST s) #

Since: base-2.1

Instance details

Defined in Control.Monad.ST.Lazy.Imp

Methods

pure :: a -> ST s a Source #

(<*>) :: ST s (a -> b) -> ST s a -> ST s b Source #

liftA2 :: (a -> b -> c) -> ST s a -> ST s b -> ST s c Source #

(*>) :: ST s a -> ST s b -> ST s b Source #

(<*) :: ST s a -> ST s b -> ST s a Source #

Applicative f => Applicative (Rec1 f) #

Since: base-4.9.0.0

Instance details

Defined in GHC.Generics

Methods

pure :: a -> Rec1 f a Source #

(<*>) :: Rec1 f (a -> b) -> Rec1 f a -> Rec1 f b Source #

liftA2 :: (a -> b -> c) -> Rec1 f a -> Rec1 f b -> Rec1 f c Source #

(*>) :: Rec1 f a -> Rec1 f b -> Rec1 f b Source #

(<*) :: Rec1 f a -> Rec1 f b -> Rec1 f a Source #

(Monoid a, Monoid b) => Applicative ((,,) a b) #

Since: base-4.14.0.0

Instance details

Defined in GHC.Base

Methods

pure :: a0 -> (a, b, a0) Source #

(<*>) :: (a, b, a0 -> b0) -> (a, b, a0) -> (a, b, b0) Source #

liftA2 :: (a0 -> b0 -> c) -> (a, b, a0) -> (a, b, b0) -> (a, b, c) Source #

(*>) :: (a, b, a0) -> (a, b, b0) -> (a, b, b0) Source #

(<*) :: (a, b, a0) -> (a, b, b0) -> (a, b, a0) Source #

Applicative f => Applicative (Alt f) #

Since: base-4.8.0.0

Instance details

Defined in Data.Semigroup.Internal

Methods

pure :: a -> Alt f a Source #

(<*>) :: Alt f (a -> b) -> Alt f a -> Alt f b Source #

liftA2 :: (a -> b -> c) -> Alt f a -> Alt f b -> Alt f c Source #

(*>) :: Alt f a -> Alt f b -> Alt f b Source #

(<*) :: Alt f a -> Alt f b -> Alt f a Source #

Applicative f => Applicative (Ap f) #

Since: base-4.12.0.0

Instance details

Defined in Data.Monoid

Methods

pure :: a -> Ap f a Source #

(<*>) :: Ap f (a -> b) -> Ap f a -> Ap f b Source #

liftA2 :: (a -> b -> c) -> Ap f a -> Ap f b -> Ap f c Source #

(*>) :: Ap f a -> Ap f b -> Ap f b Source #

(<*) :: Ap f a -> Ap f b -> Ap f a Source #

Monoid m => Applicative (Const m :: Type -> Type) #

Since: base-2.0.1

Instance details

Defined in Data.Functor.Const

Methods

pure :: a -> Const m a Source #

(<*>) :: Const m (a -> b) -> Const m a -> Const m b Source #

liftA2 :: (a -> b -> c) -> Const m a -> Const m b -> Const m c Source #

(*>) :: Const m a -> Const m b -> Const m b Source #

(<*) :: Const m a -> Const m b -> Const m a Source #

Applicative m => Applicative (Kleisli m a) #

Since: base-4.14.0.0

Instance details

Defined in Control.Arrow

Methods

pure :: a0 -> Kleisli m a a0 Source #

(<*>) :: Kleisli m a (a0 -> b) -> Kleisli m a a0 -> Kleisli m a b Source #

liftA2 :: (a0 -> b -> c) -> Kleisli m a a0 -> Kleisli m a b -> Kleisli m a c Source #

(*>) :: Kleisli m a a0 -> Kleisli m a b -> Kleisli m a b Source #

(<*) :: Kleisli m a a0 -> Kleisli m a b -> Kleisli m a a0 Source #

Arrow a => Applicative (WrappedArrow a b) #

Since: base-2.1

Instance details

Defined in Control.Applicative

Methods

pure :: a0 -> WrappedArrow a b a0 Source #

(<*>) :: WrappedArrow a b (a0 -> b0) -> WrappedArrow a b a0 -> WrappedArrow a b b0 Source #

liftA2 :: (a0 -> b0 -> c) -> WrappedArrow a b a0 -> WrappedArrow a b b0 -> WrappedArrow a b c Source #

(*>) :: WrappedArrow a b a0 -> WrappedArrow a b b0 -> WrappedArrow a b b0 Source #

(<*) :: WrappedArrow a b a0 -> WrappedArrow a b b0 -> WrappedArrow a b a0 Source #

Applicative ((->) r :: Type -> Type) #

Since: base-2.1

Instance details

Defined in GHC.Base

Methods

pure :: a -> r -> a Source #

(<*>) :: (r -> (a -> b)) -> (r -> a) -> r -> b Source #

liftA2 :: (a -> b -> c) -> (r -> a) -> (r -> b) -> r -> c Source #

(*>) :: (r -> a) -> (r -> b) -> r -> b Source #

(<*) :: (r -> a) -> (r -> b) -> r -> a Source #

Monoid c => Applicative (K1 i c :: Type -> Type) #

Since: base-4.12.0.0

Instance details

Defined in GHC.Generics

Methods

pure :: a -> K1 i c a Source #

(<*>) :: K1 i c (a -> b) -> K1 i c a -> K1 i c b Source #

liftA2 :: (a -> b -> c0) -> K1 i c a -> K1 i c b -> K1 i c c0 Source #

(*>) :: K1 i c a -> K1 i c b -> K1 i c b Source #

(<*) :: K1 i c a -> K1 i c b -> K1 i c a Source #

(Applicative f, Applicative g) => Applicative (f :*: g) #

Since: base-4.9.0.0

Instance details

Defined in GHC.Generics

Methods

pure :: a -> (f :*: g) a Source #

(<*>) :: (f :*: g) (a -> b) -> (f :*: g) a -> (f :*: g) b Source #

liftA2 :: (a -> b -> c) -> (f :*: g) a -> (f :*: g) b -> (f :*: g) c Source #

(*>) :: (f :*: g) a -> (f :*: g) b -> (f :*: g) b Source #

(<*) :: (f :*: g) a -> (f :*: g) b -> (f :*: g) a Source #

(Monoid a, Monoid b, Monoid c) => Applicative ((,,,) a b c) #

Since: base-4.14.0.0

Instance details

Defined in GHC.Base

Methods

pure :: a0 -> (a, b, c, a0) Source #

(<*>) :: (a, b, c, a0 -> b0) -> (a, b, c, a0) -> (a, b, c, b0) Source #

liftA2 :: (a0 -> b0 -> c0) -> (a, b, c, a0) -> (a, b, c, b0) -> (a, b, c, c0) Source #

(*>) :: (a, b, c, a0) -> (a, b, c, b0) -> (a, b, c, b0) Source #

(<*) :: (a, b, c, a0) -> (a, b, c, b0) -> (a, b, c, a0) Source #

(Applicative f, Applicative g) => Applicative (Product f g) #

Since: base-4.9.0.0

Instance details

Defined in Data.Functor.Product

Methods

pure :: a -> Product f g a Source #

(<*>) :: Product f g (a -> b) -> Product f g a -> Product f g b Source #

liftA2 :: (a -> b -> c) -> Product f g a -> Product f g b -> Product f g c Source #

(*>) :: Product f g a -> Product f g b -> Product f g b Source #

(<*) :: Product f g a -> Product f g b -> Product f g a Source #

Applicative f => Applicative (M1 i c f) #

Since: base-4.9.0.0

Instance details

Defined in GHC.Generics

Methods

pure :: a -> M1 i c f a Source #

(<*>) :: M1 i c f (a -> b) -> M1 i c f a -> M1 i c f b Source #

liftA2 :: (a -> b -> c0) -> M1 i c f a -> M1 i c f b -> M1 i c f c0 Source #

(*>) :: M1 i c f a -> M1 i c f b -> M1 i c f b Source #

(<*) :: M1 i c f a -> M1 i c f b -> M1 i c f a Source #

(Applicative f, Applicative g) => Applicative (f :.: g) #

Since: base-4.9.0.0

Instance details

Defined in GHC.Generics

Methods

pure :: a -> (f :.: g) a Source #

(<*>) :: (f :.: g) (a -> b) -> (f :.: g) a -> (f :.: g) b Source #

liftA2 :: (a -> b -> c) -> (f :.: g) a -> (f :.: g) b -> (f :.: g) c Source #

(*>) :: (f :.: g) a -> (f :.: g) b -> (f :.: g) b Source #

(<*) :: (f :.: g) a -> (f :.: g) b -> (f :.: g) a Source #

(Applicative f, Applicative g) => Applicative (Compose f g) #

Since: base-4.9.0.0

Instance details

Defined in Data.Functor.Compose

Methods

pure :: a -> Compose f g a Source #

(<*>) :: Compose f g (a -> b) -> Compose f g a -> Compose f g b Source #

liftA2 :: (a -> b -> c) -> Compose f g a -> Compose f g b -> Compose f g c Source #

(*>) :: Compose f g a -> Compose f g b -> Compose f g b Source #

(<*) :: Compose f g a -> Compose f g b -> Compose f g a Source #

Alternatives

class Applicative f => Alternative f where Source #

A monoid on applicative functors.

If defined, some and many should be the least solutions of the equations:

Minimal complete definition

empty, (<|>)

Methods

empty :: f a Source #

The identity of <|>

(<|>) :: f a -> f a -> f a infixl 3 Source #

An associative binary operation

some :: f a -> f [a] Source #

One or more.

many :: f a -> f [a] Source #

Zero or more.

Instances

Instances details
Alternative [] #

Since: base-2.1

Instance details

Defined in GHC.Base

Methods

empty :: [a] Source #

(<|>) :: [a] -> [a] -> [a] Source #

some :: [a] -> [[a]] Source #

many :: [a] -> [[a]] Source #

Alternative Maybe #

Since: base-2.1

Instance details

Defined in GHC.Base

Methods

empty :: Maybe a Source #

(<|>) :: Maybe a -> Maybe a -> Maybe a Source #

some :: Maybe a -> Maybe [a] Source #

many :: Maybe a -> Maybe [a] Source #

Alternative IO #

Since: base-4.9.0.0

Instance details

Defined in GHC.Base

Methods

empty :: IO a Source #

(<|>) :: IO a -> IO a -> IO a Source #

some :: IO a -> IO [a] Source #

many :: IO a -> IO [a] Source #

Alternative ReadP #

Since: base-4.6.0.0

Instance details

Defined in Text.ParserCombinators.ReadP

Methods

empty :: ReadP a Source #

(<|>) :: ReadP a -> ReadP a -> ReadP a Source #

some :: ReadP a -> ReadP [a] Source #

many :: ReadP a -> ReadP [a] Source #

Alternative ReadPrec #

Since: base-4.6.0.0

Instance details

Defined in Text.ParserCombinators.ReadPrec

Alternative STM #

Since: base-4.8.0.0

Instance details

Defined in GHC.Conc.Sync

Methods

empty :: STM a Source #

(<|>) :: STM a -> STM a -> STM a Source #

some :: STM a -> STM [a] Source #

many :: STM a -> STM [a] Source #

Alternative ZipList #

Since: base-4.11.0.0

Instance details

Defined in Control.Applicative

Alternative Option #

Since: base-4.9.0.0

Instance details

Defined in Data.Semigroup

Methods

empty :: Option a Source #

(<|>) :: Option a -> Option a -> Option a Source #

some :: Option a -> Option [a] Source #

many :: Option a -> Option [a] Source #

Alternative (U1 :: Type -> Type) #

Since: base-4.9.0.0

Instance details

Defined in GHC.Generics

Methods

empty :: U1 a Source #

(<|>) :: U1 a -> U1 a -> U1 a Source #

some :: U1 a -> U1 [a] Source #

many :: U1 a -> U1 [a] Source #

Alternative (Proxy :: Type -> Type) #

Since: base-4.9.0.0

Instance details

Defined in Data.Proxy

Methods

empty :: Proxy a Source #

(<|>) :: Proxy a -> Proxy a -> Proxy a Source #

some :: Proxy a -> Proxy [a] Source #

many :: Proxy a -> Proxy [a] Source #

ArrowPlus a => Alternative (ArrowMonad a) #

Since: base-4.6.0.0

Instance details

Defined in Control.Arrow

Methods

empty :: ArrowMonad a a0 Source #

(<|>) :: ArrowMonad a a0 -> ArrowMonad a a0 -> ArrowMonad a a0 Source #

some :: ArrowMonad a a0 -> ArrowMonad a [a0] Source #

many :: ArrowMonad a a0 -> ArrowMonad a [a0] Source #

MonadPlus m => Alternative (WrappedMonad m) #

Since: base-2.1

Instance details

Defined in Control.Applicative

Alternative f => Alternative (Rec1 f) #

Since: base-4.9.0.0

Instance details

Defined in GHC.Generics

Methods

empty :: Rec1 f a Source #

(<|>) :: Rec1 f a -> Rec1 f a -> Rec1 f a Source #

some :: Rec1 f a -> Rec1 f [a] Source #

many :: Rec1 f a -> Rec1 f [a] Source #

Alternative f => Alternative (Alt f) #

Since: base-4.8.0.0

Instance details

Defined in Data.Semigroup.Internal

Methods

empty :: Alt f a Source #

(<|>) :: Alt f a -> Alt f a -> Alt f a Source #

some :: Alt f a -> Alt f [a] Source #

many :: Alt f a -> Alt f [a] Source #

Alternative f => Alternative (Ap f) #

Since: base-4.12.0.0

Instance details

Defined in Data.Monoid

Methods

empty :: Ap f a Source #

(<|>) :: Ap f a -> Ap f a -> Ap f a Source #

some :: Ap f a -> Ap f [a] Source #

many :: Ap f a -> Ap f [a] Source #

Alternative m => Alternative (Kleisli m a) #

Since: base-4.14.0.0

Instance details

Defined in Control.Arrow

Methods

empty :: Kleisli m a a0 Source #

(<|>) :: Kleisli m a a0 -> Kleisli m a a0 -> Kleisli m a a0 Source #

some :: Kleisli m a a0 -> Kleisli m a [a0] Source #

many :: Kleisli m a a0 -> Kleisli m a [a0] Source #

(ArrowZero a, ArrowPlus a) => Alternative (WrappedArrow a b) #

Since: base-2.1

Instance details

Defined in Control.Applicative

Methods

empty :: WrappedArrow a b a0 Source #

(<|>) :: WrappedArrow a b a0 -> WrappedArrow a b a0 -> WrappedArrow a b a0 Source #

some :: WrappedArrow a b a0 -> WrappedArrow a b [a0] Source #

many :: WrappedArrow a b a0 -> WrappedArrow a b [a0] Source #

(Alternative f, Alternative g) => Alternative (f :*: g) #

Since: base-4.9.0.0

Instance details

Defined in GHC.Generics

Methods

empty :: (f :*: g) a Source #

(<|>) :: (f :*: g) a -> (f :*: g) a -> (f :*: g) a Source #

some :: (f :*: g) a -> (f :*: g) [a] Source #

many :: (f :*: g) a -> (f :*: g) [a] Source #

(Alternative f, Alternative g) => Alternative (Product f g) #

Since: base-4.9.0.0

Instance details

Defined in Data.Functor.Product

Methods

empty :: Product f g a Source #

(<|>) :: Product f g a -> Product f g a -> Product f g a Source #

some :: Product f g a -> Product f g [a] Source #

many :: Product f g a -> Product f g [a] Source #

Alternative f => Alternative (M1 i c f) #

Since: base-4.9.0.0

Instance details

Defined in GHC.Generics

Methods

empty :: M1 i c f a Source #

(<|>) :: M1 i c f a -> M1 i c f a -> M1 i c f a Source #

some :: M1 i c f a -> M1 i c f [a] Source #

many :: M1 i c f a -> M1 i c f [a] Source #

(Alternative f, Applicative g) => Alternative (f :.: g) #

Since: base-4.9.0.0

Instance details

Defined in GHC.Generics

Methods

empty :: (f :.: g) a Source #

(<|>) :: (f :.: g) a -> (f :.: g) a -> (f :.: g) a Source #

some :: (f :.: g) a -> (f :.: g) [a] Source #

many :: (f :.: g) a -> (f :.: g) [a] Source #

(Alternative f, Applicative g) => Alternative (Compose f g) #

Since: base-4.9.0.0

Instance details

Defined in Data.Functor.Compose

Methods

empty :: Compose f g a Source #

(<|>) :: Compose f g a -> Compose f g a -> Compose f g a Source #

some :: Compose f g a -> Compose f g [a] Source #

many :: Compose f g a -> Compose f g [a] Source #

Instances

newtype Const a b Source #

The Const functor.

Constructors

Const 

Fields

Instances

Instances details
Generic1 (Const a :: k -> Type) #

Since: base-4.9.0.0

Instance details

Defined in Data.Functor.Const

Associated Types

type Rep1 (Const a) :: k -> Type Source #

Methods

from1 :: forall (a0 :: k0). Const a a0 -> Rep1 (Const a) a0 Source #

to1 :: forall (a0 :: k0). Rep1 (Const a) a0 -> Const a a0 Source #

Show2 (Const :: Type -> Type -> Type) #

Since: base-4.9.0.0

Instance details

Defined in Data.Functor.Classes

Methods

liftShowsPrec2 :: (Int -> a -> ShowS) -> ([a] -> ShowS) -> (Int -> b -> ShowS) -> ([b] -> ShowS) -> Int -> Const a b -> ShowS Source #

liftShowList2 :: (Int -> a -> ShowS) -> ([a] -> ShowS) -> (Int -> b -> ShowS) -> ([b] -> ShowS) -> [Const a b] -> ShowS Source #

Read2 (Const :: Type -> Type -> Type) #

Since: base-4.9.0.0

Instance details

Defined in Data.Functor.Classes

Methods

liftReadsPrec2 :: (Int -> ReadS a) -> ReadS [a] -> (Int -> ReadS b) -> ReadS [b] -> Int -> ReadS (Const a b) Source #

liftReadList2 :: (Int -> ReadS a) -> ReadS [a] -> (Int -> ReadS b) -> ReadS [b] -> ReadS [Const a b] Source #

liftReadPrec2 :: ReadPrec a -> ReadPrec [a] -> ReadPrec b -> ReadPrec [b] -> ReadPrec (Const a b) Source #

liftReadListPrec2 :: ReadPrec a -> ReadPrec [a] -> ReadPrec b -> ReadPrec [b] -> ReadPrec [Const a b] Source #

Ord2 (Const :: Type -> Type -> Type) #

Since: base-4.9.0.0

Instance details

Defined in Data.Functor.Classes

Methods

liftCompare2 :: (a -> b -> Ordering) -> (c -> d -> Ordering) -> Const a c -> Const b d -> Ordering Source #

Eq2 (Const :: Type -> Type -> Type) #

Since: base-4.9.0.0

Instance details

Defined in Data.Functor.Classes

Methods

liftEq2 :: (a -> b -> Bool) -> (c -> d -> Bool) -> Const a c -> Const b d -> Bool Source #

Bifunctor (Const :: Type -> Type -> Type) #

Since: base-4.8.0.0

Instance details

Defined in Data.Bifunctor

Methods

bimap :: (a -> b) -> (c -> d) -> Const a c -> Const b d Source #

first :: (a -> b) -> Const a c -> Const b c Source #

second :: (b -> c) -> Const a b -> Const a c Source #

Bifoldable (Const :: Type -> Type -> Type) #

Since: base-4.10.0.0

Instance details

Defined in Data.Bifoldable

Methods

bifold :: Monoid m => Const m m -> m Source #

bifoldMap :: Monoid m => (a -> m) -> (b -> m) -> Const a b -> m Source #

bifoldr :: (a -> c -> c) -> (b -> c -> c) -> c -> Const a b -> c Source #

bifoldl :: (c -> a -> c) -> (c -> b -> c) -> c -> Const a b -> c Source #

Bitraversable (Const :: Type -> Type -> Type) #

Since: base-4.10.0.0

Instance details

Defined in Data.Bitraversable

Methods

bitraverse :: Applicative f => (a -> f c) -> (b -> f d) -> Const a b -> f (Const c d) Source #

Functor (Const m :: Type -> Type) #

Since: base-2.1

Instance details

Defined in Data.Functor.Const

Methods

fmap :: (a -> b) -> Const m a -> Const m b Source #

(<$) :: a -> Const m b -> Const m a Source #

Monoid m => Applicative (Const m :: Type -> Type) #

Since: base-2.0.1

Instance details

Defined in Data.Functor.Const

Methods

pure :: a -> Const m a Source #

(<*>) :: Const m (a -> b) -> Const m a -> Const m b Source #

liftA2 :: (a -> b -> c) -> Const m a -> Const m b -> Const m c Source #

(*>) :: Const m a -> Const m b -> Const m b Source #

(<*) :: Const m a -> Const m b -> Const m a Source #

Foldable (Const m :: Type -> Type) #

Since: base-4.7.0.0

Instance details

Defined in Data.Functor.Const

Methods

fold :: Monoid m0 => Const m m0 -> m0 Source #

foldMap :: Monoid m0 => (a -> m0) -> Const m a -> m0 Source #

foldMap' :: Monoid m0 => (a -> m0) -> Const m a -> m0 Source #

foldr :: (a -> b -> b) -> b -> Const m a -> b Source #

foldr' :: (a -> b -> b) -> b -> Const m a -> b Source #

foldl :: (b -> a -> b) -> b -> Const m a -> b Source #

foldl' :: (b -> a -> b) -> b -> Const m a -> b Source #

foldr1 :: (a -> a -> a) -> Const m a -> a Source #

foldl1 :: (a -> a -> a) -> Const m a -> a Source #

toList :: Const m a -> [a] Source #

null :: Const m a -> Bool Source #

length :: Const m a -> Int Source #

elem :: Eq a => a -> Const m a -> Bool Source #

maximum :: Ord a => Const m a -> a Source #

minimum :: Ord a => Const m a -> a Source #

sum :: Num a => Const m a -> a Source #

product :: Num a => Const m a -> a Source #

Traversable (Const m :: Type -> Type) #

Since: base-4.7.0.0

Instance details

Defined in Data.Traversable

Methods

traverse :: Applicative f => (a -> f b) -> Const m a -> f (Const m b) Source #

sequenceA :: Applicative f => Const m (f a) -> f (Const m a) Source #

mapM :: Monad m0 => (a -> m0 b) -> Const m a -> m0 (Const m b) Source #

sequence :: Monad m0 => Const m (m0 a) -> m0 (Const m a) Source #

Show a => Show1 (Const a :: Type -> Type) #

Since: base-4.9.0.0

Instance details

Defined in Data.Functor.Classes

Methods

liftShowsPrec :: (Int -> a0 -> ShowS) -> ([a0] -> ShowS) -> Int -> Const a a0 -> ShowS Source #

liftShowList :: (Int -> a0 -> ShowS) -> ([a0] -> ShowS) -> [Const a a0] -> ShowS Source #

Read a => Read1 (Const a :: Type -> Type) #

Since: base-4.9.0.0

Instance details

Defined in Data.Functor.Classes

Methods

liftReadsPrec :: (Int -> ReadS a0) -> ReadS [a0] -> Int -> ReadS (Const a a0) Source #

liftReadList :: (Int -> ReadS a0) -> ReadS [a0] -> ReadS [Const a a0] Source #

liftReadPrec :: ReadPrec a0 -> ReadPrec [a0] -> ReadPrec (Const a a0) Source #

liftReadListPrec :: ReadPrec a0 -> ReadPrec [a0] -> ReadPrec [Const a a0] Source #

Ord a => Ord1 (Const a :: Type -> Type) #

Since: base-4.9.0.0

Instance details

Defined in Data.Functor.Classes

Methods

liftCompare :: (a0 -> b -> Ordering) -> Const a a0 -> Const a b -> Ordering Source #

Eq a => Eq1 (Const a :: Type -> Type) #

Since: base-4.9.0.0

Instance details

Defined in Data.Functor.Classes

Methods

liftEq :: (a0 -> b -> Bool) -> Const a a0 -> Const a b -> Bool Source #

Contravariant (Const a :: Type -> Type) # 
Instance details

Defined in Data.Functor.Contravariant

Methods

contramap :: (a0 -> b) -> Const a b -> Const a a0 Source #

(>$) :: b -> Const a b -> Const a a0 Source #

Bounded a => Bounded (Const a b) #

Since: base-4.9.0.0

Instance details

Defined in Data.Functor.Const

Methods

minBound :: Const a b Source #

maxBound :: Const a b Source #

Enum a => Enum (Const a b) #

Since: base-4.9.0.0

Instance details

Defined in Data.Functor.Const

Methods

succ :: Const a b -> Const a b Source #

pred :: Const a b -> Const a b Source #

toEnum :: Int -> Const a b Source #

fromEnum :: Const a b -> Int Source #

enumFrom :: Const a b -> [Const a b] Source #

enumFromThen :: Const a b -> Const a b -> [Const a b] Source #

enumFromTo :: Const a b -> Const a b -> [Const a b] Source #

enumFromThenTo :: Const a b -> Const a b -> Const a b -> [Const a b] Source #

Eq a => Eq (Const a b) #

Since: base-4.9.0.0

Instance details

Defined in Data.Functor.Const

Methods

(==) :: Const a b -> Const a b -> Bool Source #

(/=) :: Const a b -> Const a b -> Bool Source #

Floating a => Floating (Const a b) #

Since: base-4.9.0.0

Instance details

Defined in Data.Functor.Const

Methods

pi :: Const a b Source #

exp :: Const a b -> Const a b Source #

log :: Const a b -> Const a b Source #

sqrt :: Const a b -> Const a b Source #

(**) :: Const a b -> Const a b -> Const a b Source #

logBase :: Const a b -> Const a b -> Const a b Source #

sin :: Const a b -> Const a b Source #

cos :: Const a b -> Const a b Source #

tan :: Const a b -> Const a b Source #

asin :: Const a b -> Const a b Source #

acos :: Const a b -> Const a b Source #

atan :: Const a b -> Const a b Source #

sinh :: Const a b -> Const a b Source #

cosh :: Const a b -> Const a b Source #

tanh :: Const a b -> Const a b Source #

asinh :: Const a b -> Const a b Source #

acosh :: Const a b -> Const a b Source #

atanh :: Const a b -> Const a b Source #

log1p :: Const a b -> Const a b Source #

expm1 :: Const a b -> Const a b Source #

log1pexp :: Const a b -> Const a b Source #

log1mexp :: Const a b -> Const a b Source #

Fractional a => Fractional (Const a b) #

Since: base-4.9.0.0

Instance details

Defined in Data.Functor.Const

Methods

(/) :: Const a b -> Const a b -> Const a b Source #

recip :: Const a b -> Const a b Source #

fromRational :: Rational -> Const a b Source #

Integral a => Integral (Const a b) #

Since: base-4.9.0.0

Instance details

Defined in Data.Functor.Const

Methods

quot :: Const a b -> Const a b -> Const a b Source #

rem :: Const a b -> Const a b -> Const a b Source #

div :: Const a b -> Const a b -> Const a b Source #

mod :: Const a b -> Const a b -> Const a b Source #

quotRem :: Const a b -> Const a b -> (Const a b, Const a b) Source #

divMod :: Const a b -> Const a b -> (Const a b, Const a b) Source #

toInteger :: Const a b -> Integer Source #

(Typeable k, Data a, Typeable b) => Data (Const a b) #

Since: base-4.10.0.0

Instance details

Defined in Data.Data

Methods

gfoldl :: (forall d b0. Data d => c (d -> b0) -> d -> c b0) -> (forall g. g -> c g) -> Const a b -> c (Const a b) Source #

gunfold :: (forall b0 r. Data b0 => c (b0 -> r) -> c r) -> (forall r. r -> c r) -> Constr -> c (Const a b) Source #

toConstr :: Const a b -> Constr Source #

dataTypeOf :: Const a b -> DataType Source #

dataCast1 :: Typeable t => (forall d. Data d => c (t d)) -> Maybe (c (Const a b)) Source #

dataCast2 :: Typeable t => (forall d e. (Data d, Data e) => c (t d e)) -> Maybe (c (Const a b)) Source #

gmapT :: (forall b0. Data b0 => b0 -> b0) -> Const a b -> Const a b Source #

gmapQl :: (r -> r' -> r) -> r -> (forall d. Data d => d -> r') -> Const a b -> r Source #

gmapQr :: forall r r'. (r' -> r -> r) -> r -> (forall d. Data d => d -> r') -> Const a b -> r Source #

gmapQ :: (forall d. Data d => d -> u) -> Const a b -> [u] Source #

gmapQi :: Int -> (forall d. Data d => d -> u) -> Const a b -> u Source #

gmapM :: Monad m => (forall d. Data d => d -> m d) -> Const a b -> m (Const a b) Source #

gmapMp :: MonadPlus m => (forall d. Data d => d -> m d) -> Const a b -> m (Const a b) Source #

gmapMo :: MonadPlus m => (forall d. Data d => d -> m d) -> Const a b -> m (Const a b) Source #

Num a => Num (Const a b) #

Since: base-4.9.0.0

Instance details

Defined in Data.Functor.Const

Methods

(+) :: Const a b -> Const a b -> Const a b Source #

(-) :: Const a b -> Const a b -> Const a b Source #

(*) :: Const a b -> Const a b -> Const a b Source #

negate :: Const a b -> Const a b Source #

abs :: Const a b -> Const a b Source #

signum :: Const a b -> Const a b Source #

fromInteger :: Integer -> Const a b Source #

Ord a => Ord (Const a b) #

Since: base-4.9.0.0

Instance details

Defined in Data.Functor.Const

Methods

compare :: Const a b -> Const a b -> Ordering Source #

(<) :: Const a b -> Const a b -> Bool Source #

(<=) :: Const a b -> Const a b -> Bool Source #

(>) :: Const a b -> Const a b -> Bool Source #

(>=) :: Const a b -> Const a b -> Bool Source #

max :: Const a b -> Const a b -> Const a b Source #

min :: Const a b -> Const a b -> Const a b Source #

Read a => Read (Const a b) #

This instance would be equivalent to the derived instances of the Const newtype if the getConst field were removed

Since: base-4.8.0.0

Instance details

Defined in Data.Functor.Const

Real a => Real (Const a b) #

Since: base-4.9.0.0

Instance details

Defined in Data.Functor.Const

Methods

toRational :: Const a b -> Rational Source #

RealFloat a => RealFloat (Const a b) #

Since: base-4.9.0.0

Instance details

Defined in Data.Functor.Const

RealFrac a => RealFrac (Const a b) #

Since: base-4.9.0.0

Instance details

Defined in Data.Functor.Const

Methods

properFraction :: Integral b0 => Const a b -> (b0, Const a b) Source #

truncate :: Integral b0 => Const a b -> b0 Source #

round :: Integral b0 => Const a b -> b0 Source #

ceiling :: Integral b0 => Const a b -> b0 Source #

floor :: Integral b0 => Const a b -> b0 Source #

Show a => Show (Const a b) #

This instance would be equivalent to the derived instances of the Const newtype if the getConst field were removed

Since: base-4.8.0.0

Instance details

Defined in Data.Functor.Const

Methods

showsPrec :: Int -> Const a b -> ShowS Source #

show :: Const a b -> String Source #

showList :: [Const a b] -> ShowS Source #

Ix a => Ix (Const a b) #

Since: base-4.9.0.0

Instance details

Defined in Data.Functor.Const

Methods

range :: (Const a b, Const a b) -> [Const a b] Source #

index :: (Const a b, Const a b) -> Const a b -> Int Source #

unsafeIndex :: (Const a b, Const a b) -> Const a b -> Int Source #

inRange :: (Const a b, Const a b) -> Const a b -> Bool Source #

rangeSize :: (Const a b, Const a b) -> Int Source #

unsafeRangeSize :: (Const a b, Const a b) -> Int Source #

IsString a => IsString (Const a b) #

Since: base-4.9.0.0

Instance details

Defined in Data.String

Methods

fromString :: String -> Const a b Source #

Generic (Const a b) #

Since: base-4.9.0.0

Instance details

Defined in Data.Functor.Const

Associated Types

type Rep (Const a b) :: Type -> Type Source #

Methods

from :: Const a b -> Rep (Const a b) x Source #

to :: Rep (Const a b) x -> Const a b Source #

Semigroup a => Semigroup (Const a b) #

Since: base-4.9.0.0

Instance details

Defined in Data.Functor.Const

Methods

(<>) :: Const a b -> Const a b -> Const a b Source #

sconcat :: NonEmpty (Const a b) -> Const a b Source #

stimes :: Integral b0 => b0 -> Const a b -> Const a b Source #

Monoid a => Monoid (Const a b) #

Since: base-4.9.0.0

Instance details

Defined in Data.Functor.Const

Methods

mempty :: Const a b Source #

mappend :: Const a b -> Const a b -> Const a b Source #

mconcat :: [Const a b] -> Const a b Source #

FiniteBits a => FiniteBits (Const a b) #

Since: base-4.9.0.0

Instance details

Defined in Data.Functor.Const

Bits a => Bits (Const a b) #

Since: base-4.9.0.0

Instance details

Defined in Data.Functor.Const

Methods

(.&.) :: Const a b -> Const a b -> Const a b Source #

(.|.) :: Const a b -> Const a b -> Const a b Source #

xor :: Const a b -> Const a b -> Const a b Source #

complement :: Const a b -> Const a b Source #

shift :: Const a b -> Int -> Const a b Source #

rotate :: Const a b -> Int -> Const a b Source #

zeroBits :: Const a b Source #

bit :: Int -> Const a b Source #

setBit :: Const a b -> Int -> Const a b Source #

clearBit :: Const a b -> Int -> Const a b Source #

complementBit :: Const a b -> Int -> Const a b Source #

testBit :: Const a b -> Int -> Bool Source #

bitSizeMaybe :: Const a b -> Maybe Int Source #

bitSize :: Const a b -> Int Source #

isSigned :: Const a b -> Bool Source #

shiftL :: Const a b -> Int -> Const a b Source #

unsafeShiftL :: Const a b -> Int -> Const a b Source #

shiftR :: Const a b -> Int -> Const a b Source #

unsafeShiftR :: Const a b -> Int -> Const a b Source #

rotateL :: Const a b -> Int -> Const a b Source #

rotateR :: Const a b -> Int -> Const a b Source #

popCount :: Const a b -> Int Source #

Storable a => Storable (Const a b) #

Since: base-4.9.0.0

Instance details

Defined in Data.Functor.Const

Methods

sizeOf :: Const a b -> Int Source #

alignment :: Const a b -> Int Source #

peekElemOff :: Ptr (Const a b) -> Int -> IO (Const a b) Source #

pokeElemOff :: Ptr (Const a b) -> Int -> Const a b -> IO () Source #

peekByteOff :: Ptr b0 -> Int -> IO (Const a b) Source #

pokeByteOff :: Ptr b0 -> Int -> Const a b -> IO () Source #

peek :: Ptr (Const a b) -> IO (Const a b) Source #

poke :: Ptr (Const a b) -> Const a b -> IO () Source #

type Rep1 (Const a :: k -> Type) # 
Instance details

Defined in Data.Functor.Const

type Rep1 (Const a :: k -> Type) = D1 ('MetaData "Const" "Data.Functor.Const" "base" 'True) (C1 ('MetaCons "Const" 'PrefixI 'True) (S1 ('MetaSel ('Just "getConst") 'NoSourceUnpackedness 'NoSourceStrictness 'DecidedLazy) (Rec0 a)))
type Rep (Const a b) # 
Instance details

Defined in Data.Functor.Const

type Rep (Const a b) = D1 ('MetaData "Const" "Data.Functor.Const" "base" 'True) (C1 ('MetaCons "Const" 'PrefixI 'True) (S1 ('MetaSel ('Just "getConst") 'NoSourceUnpackedness 'NoSourceStrictness 'DecidedLazy) (Rec0 a)))

newtype WrappedMonad m a Source #

Constructors

WrapMonad 

Fields

Instances

Instances details
Monad m => Monad (WrappedMonad m) #

Since: base-4.7.0.0

Instance details

Defined in Control.Applicative

Methods

(>>=) :: WrappedMonad m a -> (a -> WrappedMonad m b) -> WrappedMonad m b Source #

(>>) :: WrappedMonad m a -> WrappedMonad m b -> WrappedMonad m b Source #

return :: a -> WrappedMonad m a Source #

Monad m => Functor (WrappedMonad m) #

Since: base-2.1

Instance details

Defined in Control.Applicative

Methods

fmap :: (a -> b) -> WrappedMonad m a -> WrappedMonad m b Source #

(<$) :: a -> WrappedMonad m b -> WrappedMonad m a Source #

Monad m => Applicative (WrappedMonad m) #

Since: base-2.1

Instance details

Defined in Control.Applicative

Methods

pure :: a -> WrappedMonad m a Source #

(<*>) :: WrappedMonad m (a -> b) -> WrappedMonad m a -> WrappedMonad m b Source #

liftA2 :: (a -> b -> c) -> WrappedMonad m a -> WrappedMonad m b -> WrappedMonad m c Source #

(*>) :: WrappedMonad m a -> WrappedMonad m b -> WrappedMonad m b Source #

(<*) :: WrappedMonad m a -> WrappedMonad m b -> WrappedMonad m a Source #

MonadPlus m => Alternative (WrappedMonad m) #

Since: base-2.1

Instance details

Defined in Control.Applicative

Generic1 (WrappedMonad m :: Type -> Type) #

Since: base-4.7.0.0

Instance details

Defined in Control.Applicative

Associated Types

type Rep1 (WrappedMonad m) :: k -> Type Source #

Methods

from1 :: forall (a :: k). WrappedMonad m a -> Rep1 (WrappedMonad m) a Source #

to1 :: forall (a :: k). Rep1 (WrappedMonad m) a -> WrappedMonad m a Source #

(Typeable m, Typeable a, Data (m a)) => Data (WrappedMonad m a) #

Since: base-4.14.0.0

Instance details

Defined in Data.Data

Methods

gfoldl :: (forall d b. Data d => c (d -> b) -> d -> c b) -> (forall g. g -> c g) -> WrappedMonad m a -> c (WrappedMonad m a) Source #

gunfold :: (forall b r. Data b => c (b -> r) -> c r) -> (forall r. r -> c r) -> Constr -> c (WrappedMonad m a) Source #

toConstr :: WrappedMonad m a -> Constr Source #

dataTypeOf :: WrappedMonad m a -> DataType Source #

dataCast1 :: Typeable t => (forall d. Data d => c (t d)) -> Maybe (c (WrappedMonad m a)) Source #

dataCast2 :: Typeable t => (forall d e. (Data d, Data e) => c (t d e)) -> Maybe (c (WrappedMonad m a)) Source #

gmapT :: (forall b. Data b => b -> b) -> WrappedMonad m a -> WrappedMonad m a Source #

gmapQl :: (r -> r' -> r) -> r -> (forall d. Data d => d -> r') -> WrappedMonad m a -> r Source #

gmapQr :: forall r r'. (r' -> r -> r) -> r -> (forall d. Data d => d -> r') -> WrappedMonad m a -> r Source #

gmapQ :: (forall d. Data d => d -> u) -> WrappedMonad m a -> [u] Source #

gmapQi :: Int -> (forall d. Data d => d -> u) -> WrappedMonad m a -> u Source #

gmapM :: Monad m0 => (forall d. Data d => d -> m0 d) -> WrappedMonad m a -> m0 (WrappedMonad m a) Source #

gmapMp :: MonadPlus m0 => (forall d. Data d => d -> m0 d) -> WrappedMonad m a -> m0 (WrappedMonad m a) Source #

gmapMo :: MonadPlus m0 => (forall d. Data d => d -> m0 d) -> WrappedMonad m a -> m0 (WrappedMonad m a) Source #

Generic (WrappedMonad m a) #

Since: base-4.7.0.0

Instance details

Defined in Control.Applicative

Associated Types

type Rep (WrappedMonad m a) :: Type -> Type Source #

Methods

from :: WrappedMonad m a -> Rep (WrappedMonad m a) x Source #

to :: Rep (WrappedMonad m a) x -> WrappedMonad m a Source #

type Rep1 (WrappedMonad m :: Type -> Type) # 
Instance details

Defined in Control.Applicative

type Rep1 (WrappedMonad m :: Type -> Type) = D1 ('MetaData "WrappedMonad" "Control.Applicative" "base" 'True) (C1 ('MetaCons "WrapMonad" 'PrefixI 'True) (S1 ('MetaSel ('Just "unwrapMonad") 'NoSourceUnpackedness 'NoSourceStrictness 'DecidedLazy) (Rec1 m)))
type Rep (WrappedMonad m a) # 
Instance details

Defined in Control.Applicative

type Rep (WrappedMonad m a) = D1 ('MetaData "WrappedMonad" "Control.Applicative" "base" 'True) (C1 ('MetaCons "WrapMonad" 'PrefixI 'True) (S1 ('MetaSel ('Just "unwrapMonad") 'NoSourceUnpackedness 'NoSourceStrictness 'DecidedLazy) (Rec0 (m a))))

newtype WrappedArrow a b c Source #

Constructors

WrapArrow 

Fields

Instances

Instances details
Generic1 (WrappedArrow a b :: Type -> Type) #

Since: base-4.7.0.0

Instance details

Defined in Control.Applicative

Associated Types

type Rep1 (WrappedArrow a b) :: k -> Type Source #

Methods

from1 :: forall (a0 :: k). WrappedArrow a b a0 -> Rep1 (WrappedArrow a b) a0 Source #

to1 :: forall (a0 :: k). Rep1 (WrappedArrow a b) a0 -> WrappedArrow a b a0 Source #

Arrow a => Functor (WrappedArrow a b) #

Since: base-2.1

Instance details

Defined in Control.Applicative

Methods

fmap :: (a0 -> b0) -> WrappedArrow a b a0 -> WrappedArrow a b b0 Source #

(<$) :: a0 -> WrappedArrow a b b0 -> WrappedArrow a b a0 Source #

Arrow a => Applicative (WrappedArrow a b) #

Since: base-2.1

Instance details

Defined in Control.Applicative

Methods

pure :: a0 -> WrappedArrow a b a0 Source #

(<*>) :: WrappedArrow a b (a0 -> b0) -> WrappedArrow a b a0 -> WrappedArrow a b b0 Source #

liftA2 :: (a0 -> b0 -> c) -> WrappedArrow a b a0 -> WrappedArrow a b b0 -> WrappedArrow a b c Source #

(*>) :: WrappedArrow a b a0 -> WrappedArrow a b b0 -> WrappedArrow a b b0 Source #

(<*) :: WrappedArrow a b a0 -> WrappedArrow a b b0 -> WrappedArrow a b a0 Source #

(ArrowZero a, ArrowPlus a) => Alternative (WrappedArrow a b) #

Since: base-2.1

Instance details

Defined in Control.Applicative

Methods

empty :: WrappedArrow a b a0 Source #

(<|>) :: WrappedArrow a b a0 -> WrappedArrow a b a0 -> WrappedArrow a b a0 Source #

some :: WrappedArrow a b a0 -> WrappedArrow a b [a0] Source #

many :: WrappedArrow a b a0 -> WrappedArrow a b [a0] Source #

(Typeable a, Typeable b, Typeable c, Data (a b c)) => Data (WrappedArrow a b c) #

Since: base-4.14.0.0

Instance details

Defined in Data.Data

Methods

gfoldl :: (forall d b0. Data d => c0 (d -> b0) -> d -> c0 b0) -> (forall g. g -> c0 g) -> WrappedArrow a b c -> c0 (WrappedArrow a b c) Source #

gunfold :: (forall b0 r. Data b0 => c0 (b0 -> r) -> c0 r) -> (forall r. r -> c0 r) -> Constr -> c0 (WrappedArrow a b c) Source #

toConstr :: WrappedArrow a b c -> Constr Source #

dataTypeOf :: WrappedArrow a b c -> DataType Source #

dataCast1 :: Typeable t => (forall d. Data d => c0 (t d)) -> Maybe (c0 (WrappedArrow a b c)) Source #

dataCast2 :: Typeable t => (forall d e. (Data d, Data e) => c0 (t d e)) -> Maybe (c0 (WrappedArrow a b c)) Source #

gmapT :: (forall b0. Data b0 => b0 -> b0) -> WrappedArrow a b c -> WrappedArrow a b c Source #

gmapQl :: (r -> r' -> r) -> r -> (forall d. Data d => d -> r') -> WrappedArrow a b c -> r Source #

gmapQr :: forall r r'. (r' -> r -> r) -> r -> (forall d. Data d => d -> r') -> WrappedArrow a b c -> r Source #

gmapQ :: (forall d. Data d => d -> u) -> WrappedArrow a b c -> [u] Source #

gmapQi :: Int -> (forall d. Data d => d -> u) -> WrappedArrow a b c -> u Source #

gmapM :: Monad m => (forall d. Data d => d -> m d) -> WrappedArrow a b c -> m (WrappedArrow a b c) Source #

gmapMp :: MonadPlus m => (forall d. Data d => d -> m d) -> WrappedArrow a b c -> m (WrappedArrow a b c) Source #

gmapMo :: MonadPlus m => (forall d. Data d => d -> m d) -> WrappedArrow a b c -> m (WrappedArrow a b c) Source #

Generic (WrappedArrow a b c) #

Since: base-4.7.0.0

Instance details

Defined in Control.Applicative

Associated Types

type Rep (WrappedArrow a b c) :: Type -> Type Source #

Methods

from :: WrappedArrow a b c -> Rep (WrappedArrow a b c) x Source #

to :: Rep (WrappedArrow a b c) x -> WrappedArrow a b c Source #

type Rep1 (WrappedArrow a b :: Type -> Type) # 
Instance details

Defined in Control.Applicative

type Rep1 (WrappedArrow a b :: Type -> Type) = D1 ('MetaData "WrappedArrow" "Control.Applicative" "base" 'True) (C1 ('MetaCons "WrapArrow" 'PrefixI 'True) (S1 ('MetaSel ('Just "unwrapArrow") 'NoSourceUnpackedness 'NoSourceStrictness 'DecidedLazy) (Rec1 (a b))))
type Rep (WrappedArrow a b c) # 
Instance details

Defined in Control.Applicative

type Rep (WrappedArrow a b c) = D1 ('MetaData "WrappedArrow" "Control.Applicative" "base" 'True) (C1 ('MetaCons "WrapArrow" 'PrefixI 'True) (S1 ('MetaSel ('Just "unwrapArrow") 'NoSourceUnpackedness 'NoSourceStrictness 'DecidedLazy) (Rec0 (a b c))))

newtype ZipList a Source #

Lists, but with an Applicative functor based on zipping.

Constructors

ZipList 

Fields

Instances

Instances details
Functor ZipList #

Since: base-2.1

Instance details

Defined in Control.Applicative

Methods

fmap :: (a -> b) -> ZipList a -> ZipList b Source #

(<$) :: a -> ZipList b -> ZipList a Source #

Applicative ZipList #
f <$> ZipList xs1 <*> ... <*> ZipList xsN
    = ZipList (zipWithN f xs1 ... xsN)

where zipWithN refers to the zipWith function of the appropriate arity (zipWith, zipWith3, zipWith4, ...). For example:

(\a b c -> stimes c [a, b]) <$> ZipList "abcd" <*> ZipList "567" <*> ZipList [1..]
    = ZipList (zipWith3 (\a b c -> stimes c [a, b]) "abcd" "567" [1..])
    = ZipList {getZipList = ["a5","b6b6","c7c7c7"]}

Since: base-2.1

Instance details

Defined in Control.Applicative

Methods

pure :: a -> ZipList a Source #

(<*>) :: ZipList (a -> b) -> ZipList a -> ZipList b Source #

liftA2 :: (a -> b -> c) -> ZipList a -> ZipList b -> ZipList c Source #

(*>) :: ZipList a -> ZipList b -> ZipList b Source #

(<*) :: ZipList a -> ZipList b -> ZipList a Source #

Foldable ZipList #

Since: base-4.9.0.0

Instance details

Defined in Control.Applicative

Methods

fold :: Monoid m => ZipList m -> m Source #

foldMap :: Monoid m => (a -> m) -> ZipList a -> m Source #

foldMap' :: Monoid m => (a -> m) -> ZipList a -> m Source #

foldr :: (a -> b -> b) -> b -> ZipList a -> b Source #

foldr' :: (a -> b -> b) -> b -> ZipList a -> b Source #

foldl :: (b -> a -> b) -> b -> ZipList a -> b Source #

foldl' :: (b -> a -> b) -> b -> ZipList a -> b Source #

foldr1 :: (a -> a -> a) -> ZipList a -> a Source #

foldl1 :: (a -> a -> a) -> ZipList a -> a Source #

toList :: ZipList a -> [a] Source #

null :: ZipList a -> Bool Source #

length :: ZipList a -> Int Source #

elem :: Eq a => a -> ZipList a -> Bool Source #

maximum :: Ord a => ZipList a -> a Source #

minimum :: Ord a => ZipList a -> a Source #

sum :: Num a => ZipList a -> a Source #

product :: Num a => ZipList a -> a Source #

Traversable ZipList #

Since: base-4.9.0.0

Instance details

Defined in Data.Traversable

Methods

traverse :: Applicative f => (a -> f b) -> ZipList a -> f (ZipList b) Source #

sequenceA :: Applicative f => ZipList (f a) -> f (ZipList a) Source #

mapM :: Monad m => (a -> m b) -> ZipList a -> m (ZipList b) Source #

sequence :: Monad m => ZipList (m a) -> m (ZipList a) Source #

Alternative ZipList #

Since: base-4.11.0.0

Instance details

Defined in Control.Applicative

IsList (ZipList a) #

Since: base-4.15.0.0

Instance details

Defined in GHC.Exts

Associated Types

type Item (ZipList a) Source #

Methods

fromList :: [Item (ZipList a)] -> ZipList a Source #

fromListN :: Int -> [Item (ZipList a)] -> ZipList a Source #

toList :: ZipList a -> [Item (ZipList a)] Source #

Eq a => Eq (ZipList a) #

Since: base-4.7.0.0

Instance details

Defined in Control.Applicative

Methods

(==) :: ZipList a -> ZipList a -> Bool Source #

(/=) :: ZipList a -> ZipList a -> Bool Source #

Data a => Data (ZipList a) #

Since: base-4.14.0.0

Instance details

Defined in Data.Data

Methods

gfoldl :: (forall d b. Data d => c (d -> b) -> d -> c b) -> (forall g. g -> c g) -> ZipList a -> c (ZipList a) Source #

gunfold :: (forall b r. Data b => c (b -> r) -> c r) -> (forall r. r -> c r) -> Constr -> c (ZipList a) Source #

toConstr :: ZipList a -> Constr Source #

dataTypeOf :: ZipList a -> DataType Source #

dataCast1 :: Typeable t => (forall d. Data d => c (t d)) -> Maybe (c (ZipList a)) Source #

dataCast2 :: Typeable t => (forall d e. (Data d, Data e) => c (t d e)) -> Maybe (c (ZipList a)) Source #

gmapT :: (forall b. Data b => b -> b) -> ZipList a -> ZipList a Source #

gmapQl :: (r -> r' -> r) -> r -> (forall d. Data d => d -> r') -> ZipList a -> r Source #

gmapQr :: forall r r'. (r' -> r -> r) -> r -> (forall d. Data d => d -> r') -> ZipList a -> r Source #

gmapQ :: (forall d. Data d => d -> u) -> ZipList a -> [u] Source #

gmapQi :: Int -> (forall d. Data d => d -> u) -> ZipList a -> u Source #

gmapM :: Monad m => (forall d. Data d => d -> m d) -> ZipList a -> m (ZipList a) Source #

gmapMp :: MonadPlus m => (forall d. Data d => d -> m d) -> ZipList a -> m (ZipList a) Source #

gmapMo :: MonadPlus m => (forall d. Data d => d -> m d) -> ZipList a -> m (ZipList a) Source #

Ord a => Ord (ZipList a) #

Since: base-4.7.0.0

Instance details

Defined in Control.Applicative

Read a => Read (ZipList a) #

Since: base-4.7.0.0

Instance details

Defined in Control.Applicative

Show a => Show (ZipList a) #

Since: base-4.7.0.0

Instance details

Defined in Control.Applicative

Generic (ZipList a) #

Since: base-4.7.0.0

Instance details

Defined in Control.Applicative

Associated Types

type Rep (ZipList a) :: Type -> Type Source #

Methods

from :: ZipList a -> Rep (ZipList a) x Source #

to :: Rep (ZipList a) x -> ZipList a Source #

Generic1 ZipList #

Since: base-4.7.0.0

Instance details

Defined in Control.Applicative

Associated Types

type Rep1 ZipList :: k -> Type Source #

Methods

from1 :: forall (a :: k). ZipList a -> Rep1 ZipList a Source #

to1 :: forall (a :: k). Rep1 ZipList a -> ZipList a Source #

type Rep (ZipList a) # 
Instance details

Defined in Control.Applicative

type Rep (ZipList a) = D1 ('MetaData "ZipList" "Control.Applicative" "base" 'True) (C1 ('MetaCons "ZipList" 'PrefixI 'True) (S1 ('MetaSel ('Just "getZipList") 'NoSourceUnpackedness 'NoSourceStrictness 'DecidedLazy) (Rec0 [a])))
type Item (ZipList a) # 
Instance details

Defined in GHC.Exts

type Item (ZipList a) = a
type Rep1 ZipList # 
Instance details

Defined in Control.Applicative

type Rep1 ZipList = D1 ('MetaData "ZipList" "Control.Applicative" "base" 'True) (C1 ('MetaCons "ZipList" 'PrefixI 'True) (S1 ('MetaSel ('Just "getZipList") 'NoSourceUnpackedness 'NoSourceStrictness 'DecidedLazy) (Rec1 [])))

Utility functions

(<$>) :: Functor f => (a -> b) -> f a -> f b infixl 4 Source #

An infix synonym for fmap.

The name of this operator is an allusion to $. Note the similarities between their types:

 ($)  ::              (a -> b) ->   a ->   b
(<$>) :: Functor f => (a -> b) -> f a -> f b

Whereas $ is function application, <$> is function application lifted over a Functor.

Examples

Expand

Convert from a Maybe Int to a Maybe String using show:

>>> show <$> Nothing
Nothing
>>> show <$> Just 3
Just "3"

Convert from an Either Int Int to an Either Int String using show:

>>> show <$> Left 17
Left 17
>>> show <$> Right 17
Right "17"

Double each element of a list:

>>> (*2) <$> [1,2,3]
[2,4,6]

Apply even to the second element of a pair:

>>> even <$> (2,2)
(2,True)

(<$) :: Functor f => a -> f b -> f a infixl 4 Source #

Replace all locations in the input with the same value. The default definition is fmap . const, but this may be overridden with a more efficient version.

Using ApplicativeDo: 'a <$ bs' can be understood as the do expression

do bs
   pure a

with an inferred Functor constraint.

(<**>) :: Applicative f => f a -> f (a -> b) -> f b infixl 4 Source #

A variant of <*> with the arguments reversed.

Using ApplicativeDo: 'as <**> fs' can be understood as the do expression

do a <- as
   f <- fs
   pure (f a)

liftA :: Applicative f => (a -> b) -> f a -> f b Source #

Lift a function to actions. This function may be used as a value for fmap in a Functor instance.

| Using ApplicativeDo: 'liftA f as' can be understood as the do expression

do a <- as
   pure (f a)

with an inferred Functor constraint, weaker than Applicative.

liftA3 :: Applicative f => (a -> b -> c -> d) -> f a -> f b -> f c -> f d Source #

Lift a ternary function to actions.

Using ApplicativeDo: 'liftA3 f as bs cs' can be understood as the do expression

do a <- as
   b <- bs
   c <- cs
   pure (f a b c)

optional :: Alternative f => f a -> f (Maybe a) Source #

One or none.