base-4.11.0.0: Basic libraries

Copyright(c) The University of Glasgow 2011
Licensesee libraries/base/LICENSE
Maintainercvs-ghc@haskell.org
Stabilityinternal
Portabilitynon-portable (GHC Extensions)
Safe HaskellTrustworthy
LanguageHaskell2010

GHC.Stack

Contents

Description

Access to GHC's call-stack simulation

Since: base-4.5.0.0

Synopsis

Documentation

errorWithStackTrace :: String -> a Source #

Deprecated: error appends the call stack now

Like the function error, but appends a stack trace to the error message if one is available.

Since: base-4.7.0.0

Profiling call stacks

currentCallStack :: IO [String] Source #

Returns a [String] representing the current call stack. This can be useful for debugging.

The implementation uses the call-stack simulation maintained by the profiler, so it only works if the program was compiled with -prof and contains suitable SCC annotations (e.g. by using -fprof-auto). Otherwise, the list returned is likely to be empty or uninformative.

Since: base-4.5.0.0

whoCreated :: a -> IO [String] Source #

Get the stack trace attached to an object.

Since: base-4.5.0.0

HasCallStack call stacks

data CallStack Source #

CallStacks are a lightweight method of obtaining a partial call-stack at any point in the program.

A function can request its call-site with the HasCallStack constraint. For example, we can define

putStrLnWithCallStack :: HasCallStack => String -> IO ()

as a variant of putStrLn that will get its call-site and print it, along with the string given as argument. We can access the call-stack inside putStrLnWithCallStack with callStack.

putStrLnWithCallStack :: HasCallStack => String -> IO ()
putStrLnWithCallStack msg = do
  putStrLn msg
  putStrLn (prettyCallStack callStack)

Thus, if we call putStrLnWithCallStack we will get a formatted call-stack alongside our string.

>>> putStrLnWithCallStack "hello"
hello
CallStack (from HasCallStack):
  putStrLnWithCallStack, called at <interactive>:2:1 in interactive:Ghci1

GHC solves HasCallStack constraints in three steps:

  1. If there is a CallStack in scope -- i.e. the enclosing function has a HasCallStack constraint -- GHC will append the new call-site to the existing CallStack.
  2. If there is no CallStack in scope -- e.g. in the GHCi session above -- and the enclosing definition does not have an explicit type signature, GHC will infer a HasCallStack constraint for the enclosing definition (subject to the monomorphism restriction).
  3. If there is no CallStack in scope and the enclosing definition has an explicit type signature, GHC will solve the HasCallStack constraint for the singleton CallStack containing just the current call-site.

CallStacks do not interact with the RTS and do not require compilation with -prof. On the other hand, as they are built up explicitly via the HasCallStack constraints, they will generally not contain as much information as the simulated call-stacks maintained by the RTS.

A CallStack is a [(String, SrcLoc)]. The String is the name of function that was called, the SrcLoc is the call-site. The list is ordered with the most recently called function at the head.

NOTE: The intrepid user may notice that HasCallStack is just an alias for an implicit parameter ?callStack :: CallStack. This is an implementation detail and should not be considered part of the CallStack API, we may decide to change the implementation in the future.

Since: base-4.8.1.0

Instances
IsList CallStack Source #

Be aware that 'fromList . toList = id' only for unfrozen CallStacks, since toList removes frozenness information.

Since: base-4.9.0.0

Instance details

Defined in GHC.Exts

Associated Types

type Item CallStack :: * Source #

Show CallStack Source #

Since: base-4.9.0.0

Instance details

Defined in GHC.Show

type Item CallStack Source # 
Instance details

Defined in GHC.Exts

type HasCallStack = ?callStack :: CallStack Source #

Request a CallStack.

NOTE: The implicit parameter ?callStack :: CallStack is an implementation detail and should not be considered part of the CallStack API, we may decide to change the implementation in the future.

Since: base-4.9.0.0

callStack :: HasCallStack => CallStack Source #

Return the current CallStack.

Does *not* include the call-site of callStack.

Since: base-4.9.0.0

emptyCallStack :: CallStack Source #

The empty CallStack.

Since: base-4.9.0.0

freezeCallStack :: CallStack -> CallStack Source #

Freeze a call-stack, preventing any further call-sites from being appended.

pushCallStack callSite (freezeCallStack callStack) = freezeCallStack callStack

Since: base-4.9.0.0

fromCallSiteList :: [([Char], SrcLoc)] -> CallStack Source #

Convert a list of call-sites to a CallStack.

Since: base-4.9.0.0

getCallStack :: CallStack -> [([Char], SrcLoc)] Source #

Extract a list of call-sites from the CallStack.

The list is ordered by most recent call.

Since: base-4.8.1.0

popCallStack :: CallStack -> CallStack Source #

Pop the most recent call-site off the CallStack.

This function, like pushCallStack, has no effect on a frozen CallStack.

Since: base-4.9.0.0

prettyCallStack :: CallStack -> String Source #

Pretty print a CallStack.

Since: base-4.9.0.0

pushCallStack :: ([Char], SrcLoc) -> CallStack -> CallStack Source #

Push a call-site onto the stack.

This function has no effect on a frozen CallStack.

Since: base-4.9.0.0

withFrozenCallStack :: HasCallStack => (HasCallStack => a) -> a Source #

Perform some computation without adding new entries to the CallStack.

Since: base-4.9.0.0

Source locations

data SrcLoc Source #

A single location in the source code.

Since: base-4.8.1.0

Instances
Eq SrcLoc Source # 
Instance details

Defined in GHC.Stack.Types

Show SrcLoc Source # 
Instance details

Defined in GHC.Show

prettySrcLoc :: SrcLoc -> String Source #

Pretty print a SrcLoc.

Since: base-4.9.0.0

Internals

data CostCentreStack Source #

A cost-centre stack from GHC's cost-center profiler.

data CostCentre Source #

A cost-centre from GHC's cost-center profiler.

getCurrentCCS :: dummy -> IO (Ptr CostCentreStack) Source #

Returns the current CostCentreStack (value is nullPtr if the current program was not compiled with profiling support). Takes a dummy argument which can be used to avoid the call to getCurrentCCS being floated out by the simplifier, which would result in an uninformative stack (CAF).

getCCSOf :: a -> IO (Ptr CostCentreStack) Source #

Get the CostCentreStack associated with the given value.

clearCCS :: IO a -> IO a Source #

Run a computation with an empty cost-center stack. For example, this is used by the interpreter to run an interpreted computation without the call stack showing that it was invoked from GHC.

ccLabel :: Ptr CostCentre -> IO CString Source #

Get the label of a CostCentre.

ccModule :: Ptr CostCentre -> IO CString Source #

Get the module of a CostCentre.

ccSrcSpan :: Ptr CostCentre -> IO CString Source #

Get the source span of a CostCentre.

ccsToStrings :: Ptr CostCentreStack -> IO [String] Source #

Format a CostCentreStack as a list of lines.